What is Cat 8 Ethernet Cable?
Category 8 (Cat 8) is the newest standard in Ethernet copper network cabling, specified and released by ANSI/TIA 568. 2016 is Cat 8 release date. Cat 8 cable with next-gen features becomes the latest iteration of the Ethernet cable category.
(More details in comments)
#cat8 #cable #layer1 #layer2 #dailylearn
Category 8 (Cat 8) is the newest standard in Ethernet copper network cabling, specified and released by ANSI/TIA 568. 2016 is Cat 8 release date. Cat 8 cable with next-gen features becomes the latest iteration of the Ethernet cable category.
(More details in comments)
#cat8 #cable #layer1 #layer2 #dailylearn
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Dynamic routing is a networking technique that provides optimal data routing. Unlike static routing, dynamic routing enables routers to select paths according to real-time logical network layout changes.
Dynamic routing uses multiple algorithms and protocols. The most popular are Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
Dynamic routing protocols allow routers to share information about the network with other routers to allow them to select the best path to reach a destination.
Details about each protocol will be posted in a while.
#dynamic #routing #ccna #ccnp #dailylearn #ospf #rip #eigrp #bgp #isis
Dynamic routing uses multiple algorithms and protocols. The most popular are Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
Dynamic routing protocols allow routers to share information about the network with other routers to allow them to select the best path to reach a destination.
Details about each protocol will be posted in a while.
#dynamic #routing #ccna #ccnp #dailylearn #ospf #rip #eigrp #bgp #isis
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For OSPF operation, firstly OSPF Neighborship in other words OSPF Adjacency is established between OSPF routers. To do this, these OSPF routers must be on the same link. Beside being in the same link, these routers need to use some messages and folllow some steps for this neighborship.
These steps are calles OSPF States. (Details in comment)
#ospf #state #ccna #dailylearn
These steps are calles OSPF States. (Details in comment)
#ospf #state #ccna #dailylearn
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[FREE BOOK] CompTIA® Network+ N10-008 Exam Cram
- Author: Emmett Dulaney
- Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Oce-OUZWAqd9eITBjujKqRrPN4Glmf8a/view?usp=drivesdk
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- Author: Emmett Dulaney
- Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Oce-OUZWAqd9eITBjujKqRrPN4Glmf8a/view?usp=drivesdk
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Network Talk
A closer look at RJ45 pinout #rj45 #pinout #rj45pinout #dailylearn
Straight Through vs Cross-over Cable
As a member request, let’s take a deeper look at how two sides cable communicates, in 2 common types of RJ45 cable.
(Details is in comment)
#rj45 #cable #crossover #straight #pc #switch #router
As a member request, let’s take a deeper look at how two sides cable communicates, in 2 common types of RJ45 cable.
(Details is in comment)
#rj45 #cable #crossover #straight #pc #switch #router
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Key Difference Between TCP/IP and OSI Model
• OSI has 7 layers, whereas TCP/IP has 4 layers.
• The OSI Model is a logical and conceptual model that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems. On the other hand, TCP/IP helps you to determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how you can be transmitted between them.
• OSI header is 5 bytes, whereas TCP/IP header size is 20 bytes.
• OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection, whereas TCP/IP refers to Transmission Control Protocol.
• OSI follows a vertical approach, whereas TCP/IP follows a horizontal approach.
• OSI model, the transport layer, is only connection-oriented, whereas the TCP/IP model is both connection-oriented and connectionless.
(See next 2 points in comment)
#ccna #tcpip #osi #osimodel #layer #network
• OSI has 7 layers, whereas TCP/IP has 4 layers.
• The OSI Model is a logical and conceptual model that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems. On the other hand, TCP/IP helps you to determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how you can be transmitted between them.
• OSI header is 5 bytes, whereas TCP/IP header size is 20 bytes.
• OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection, whereas TCP/IP refers to Transmission Control Protocol.
• OSI follows a vertical approach, whereas TCP/IP follows a horizontal approach.
• OSI model, the transport layer, is only connection-oriented, whereas the TCP/IP model is both connection-oriented and connectionless.
(See next 2 points in comment)
#ccna #tcpip #osi #osimodel #layer #network
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[FREE BOOK] JUNOS OS FOR DUMMIES
- Highlight contents:
• Work with the Junos network operating system
• Set up and configure a Juniper Networks device and add security
- Author: Walter Goralski, Cathy Gadecki, Michael Bushong
- Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XjjFVD8Da-N5fmLqfO3hsGUqUsuzio5Y/view?usp=sharing
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- Highlight contents:
• Work with the Junos network operating system
• Set up and configure a Juniper Networks device and add security
- Author: Walter Goralski, Cathy Gadecki, Michael Bushong
- Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XjjFVD8Da-N5fmLqfO3hsGUqUsuzio5Y/view?usp=sharing
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Optical Fiber Connectors
An optical fiber connector joins optical fibers, and enables quicker connection and disconnection than splicing. The connectors mechanically couple and align the cores of fibers so light can pass. Better connectors lose very little light due to reflection or misalignment of the fibers. In all, about 100 different types of fiber optic connectors have been introduced to the market.
QUIZZ: What is the difference between green and blue connector (same type)?
#fiber #connector #optic #optical
An optical fiber connector joins optical fibers, and enables quicker connection and disconnection than splicing. The connectors mechanically couple and align the cores of fibers so light can pass. Better connectors lose very little light due to reflection or misalignment of the fibers. In all, about 100 different types of fiber optic connectors have been introduced to the market.
QUIZZ: What is the difference between green and blue connector (same type)?
#fiber #connector #optic #optical
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IPv6 addresses are 128-bits long and are identifiers for individual interfaces and sets of interfaces.
IPv6 addresses of all types are assigned to interfaces, not nodes (hosts and routers). Because each interface belongs to a single node, any of that node's interfaces' unicast addresses can be used as an identifier for the node.
A single interface can be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of any type.
#ipv6 #network #interface #route #ccna
IPv6 addresses of all types are assigned to interfaces, not nodes (hosts and routers). Because each interface belongs to a single node, any of that node's interfaces' unicast addresses can be used as an identifier for the node.
A single interface can be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of any type.
#ipv6 #network #interface #route #ccna
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QUIZZ
Which option is the primary purpose of traffic shaping?
A. enabling policy-based routing
B. providing best-effort service
C. limiting bandwidth usage
D. enabling dynamic flow identification
Which option is the primary purpose of traffic shaping?
A. enabling policy-based routing
B. providing best-effort service
C. limiting bandwidth usage
D. enabling dynamic flow identification
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Do you master subnetting?
Here is an example to review.
Get to know more about subnet and TCP/IP addressing: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/networking/tcpip-addressing-and-subnetting
#subnet #tcpip #host #subnetmask #broacast #ccna #ip
Here is an example to review.
Get to know more about subnet and TCP/IP addressing: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/networking/tcpip-addressing-and-subnetting
#subnet #tcpip #host #subnetmask #broacast #ccna #ip
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Network Talk
Key Difference Between TCP/IP and OSI Model • OSI has 7 layers, whereas TCP/IP has 4 layers. • The OSI Model is a logical and conceptual model that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems.…
The logical mapping between OSI basic reference model and the TCP/IP stack.
#layer #osi #tcpip #protocol #network #basic #ccna #jnsia
#layer #osi #tcpip #protocol #network #basic #ccna #jnsia
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How VLANs work
A VLAN is identified on network switches by a VLAN ID. Each port on a switch can have one or more VLAN IDs assigned to it and will land in a default VLAN if no other one is assigned. Each VLAN provides data-link access to all hosts connected to switch ports configured with its VLAN ID.
A VLAN ID is translated to a VLAN tag, a 12-bit field in the header data of every Ethernet frame sent to that VLAN. Because a tag is 12 bits long, up to 4,096 VLANs can be defined per switching domain. VLAN tagging is defined by IEEE in the 802.1Q standard.
When an Ethernet frame is received from an attached host, it has no VLAN tag. The switch adds the VLAN tag. In a static VLAN, the switch inserts the tag associated with the ingress port's VLAN ID. In a dynamic VLAN, it inserts the tag associated with that device's ID or the type of traffic it generates.
#vlan #frame #virtual #network #ccna #basic #jncia
A VLAN is identified on network switches by a VLAN ID. Each port on a switch can have one or more VLAN IDs assigned to it and will land in a default VLAN if no other one is assigned. Each VLAN provides data-link access to all hosts connected to switch ports configured with its VLAN ID.
A VLAN ID is translated to a VLAN tag, a 12-bit field in the header data of every Ethernet frame sent to that VLAN. Because a tag is 12 bits long, up to 4,096 VLANs can be defined per switching domain. VLAN tagging is defined by IEEE in the 802.1Q standard.
When an Ethernet frame is received from an attached host, it has no VLAN tag. The switch adds the VLAN tag. In a static VLAN, the switch inserts the tag associated with the ingress port's VLAN ID. In a dynamic VLAN, it inserts the tag associated with that device's ID or the type of traffic it generates.
#vlan #frame #virtual #network #ccna #basic #jncia
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[FREE BOOK] Juniper Junos MPLS Fundamentals
- Student guide for Internal training from JUNIPER
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- Student guide for Internal training from JUNIPER
- Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dwpILbx8OcmCALvuzFmCl9vc3gdZjice/view?usp=sharing
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IPv4 vs IPv6
IPv6 has a new feature called autoconfiguration, which allows a device to generate an IPv6 address as soon as it powers up and puts itself on the network. The device begins by looking for an IPv6 router. If one is present, the device can generate a local address and a globally routable address, allowing access to the wider internet. In IPv4-based networks, the process of adding devices often has to be done manually.
IPv6 allows devices to stay connected to several networks simultaneously. This is due to interoperability and configuration capabilities that enable the hardware to automatically assign multiple IP addresses to the same device.
#ipv4 #ipv6 #network #interface #subnet #ccna #device
IPv6 has a new feature called autoconfiguration, which allows a device to generate an IPv6 address as soon as it powers up and puts itself on the network. The device begins by looking for an IPv6 router. If one is present, the device can generate a local address and a globally routable address, allowing access to the wider internet. In IPv4-based networks, the process of adding devices often has to be done manually.
IPv6 allows devices to stay connected to several networks simultaneously. This is due to interoperability and configuration capabilities that enable the hardware to automatically assign multiple IP addresses to the same device.
#ipv4 #ipv6 #network #interface #subnet #ccna #device
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Similar to TCP and UDP, the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is a transport protocol providing end-to-end communication.
SCTP was originally designed within the IETF Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) working group to address TCP's shortcomings relating to telephony signaling over IP networks. SCTP has since evolved into a general-purpose IETF transport protocol with kernel implementations on various platforms.
Similar to TCP, SCTP provides a connection-oriented, reliable, full- duplex, congestion and flow-controlled layer 4 channel.
Unlike both TCP and UDP, however, SCTP offers new delivery options that better match diverse applications' needs.
Let’s take a comparison among these 3 protocols.
#tcp #udp #sctp #protocol #network #talk
SCTP was originally designed within the IETF Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) working group to address TCP's shortcomings relating to telephony signaling over IP networks. SCTP has since evolved into a general-purpose IETF transport protocol with kernel implementations on various platforms.
Similar to TCP, SCTP provides a connection-oriented, reliable, full- duplex, congestion and flow-controlled layer 4 channel.
Unlike both TCP and UDP, however, SCTP offers new delivery options that better match diverse applications' needs.
Let’s take a comparison among these 3 protocols.
#tcp #udp #sctp #protocol #network #talk
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[FREE BOOK] AZ-900 Microsoft Azure Fundamentals - Handbook
- Author: Microsoft Official
- Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Cp8nqRbQed6pYnpySe7fs32HRJMcHrgu/view?usp=sharing
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- Author: Microsoft Official
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Some LINUX commands you should note
#linux #server #cisco #redhat #centos #rhcsa
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#linux #server #cisco #redhat #centos #rhcsa
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ROUTЕRS
A routеr is a dеvicе that routеs packеts from onе nеtwork to anothеr. A routеr is most commonly an OSI Layеr 3 dеvicе. Routеrs dividе broadcast domains
and havе traffic filtеring capabilitiеs.
HOW ROUTЕRS WORK
A routеr usеs IP addrеssеs to figurе out whеrе to sеnd packеts. If two hosts
from diffеrеnt nеtworks want to communicatе, thеy will nееd a routеr
bеtwееn thеm to routе packеts
For еxamplе:
Host A and host B arе on diffеrеnt nеtworks. If host A wants to communicatе
with host B, it will havе to sеnd a packеt to thе routеr. Thе routеr rеcеivеs thе
packеt and chеcks thе dеstination IP addrеss. If thе dеstination IP addrеss is
in thе routing tablе, thе routеr will forward thе packеt out thе intеrfacе
associatеd with that nеtwork.
#router #routing #ip #tcpip #osi #layer3 #network #networking
A routеr is a dеvicе that routеs packеts from onе nеtwork to anothеr. A routеr is most commonly an OSI Layеr 3 dеvicе. Routеrs dividе broadcast domains
and havе traffic filtеring capabilitiеs.
HOW ROUTЕRS WORK
A routеr usеs IP addrеssеs to figurе out whеrе to sеnd packеts. If two hosts
from diffеrеnt nеtworks want to communicatе, thеy will nееd a routеr
bеtwееn thеm to routе packеts
For еxamplе:
Host A and host B arе on diffеrеnt nеtworks. If host A wants to communicatе
with host B, it will havе to sеnd a packеt to thе routеr. Thе routеr rеcеivеs thе
packеt and chеcks thе dеstination IP addrеss. If thе dеstination IP addrеss is
in thе routing tablе, thе routеr will forward thе packеt out thе intеrfacе
associatеd with that nеtwork.
#router #routing #ip #tcpip #osi #layer3 #network #networking
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A highway communications network supports a broad range of ITS applications as well as internal communications. The conceptual network architecture of the communications infrastructure for highways, supporting communications for quantities of equipment as well as workers, is shown in Figure 1. This resilient multiservice network provides real-time multimedia communications between a traffic control center and the roadside equipment, the drivers and roadside workers on the highways.
Each of these applications has a unique set of requirements in terms of bandwidth, QoS, availability, latency and so on. The ideal communications infrastructure enables the agencies to set parameters (for critical, priority and best-effort data, for example) for each service and traffic type (voice, data and video) according to operational requirements. A network supporting low jitter and delay in a one-to-one or one-to-many topology is required to transport all traffic types effectively and reliably in real time.
Each of these applications has a unique set of requirements in terms of bandwidth, QoS, availability, latency and so on. The ideal communications infrastructure enables the agencies to set parameters (for critical, priority and best-effort data, for example) for each service and traffic type (voice, data and video) according to operational requirements. A network supporting low jitter and delay in a one-to-one or one-to-many topology is required to transport all traffic types effectively and reliably in real time.
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CCNA_200_301_Nov_2022 (New).pdf
95.1 MB
FREE DUMP CCNA 200-301
- Updated: November 2022
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- Updated: November 2022
- No. of questions: 369
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