Forwarded from Empty Set of Ideas (A)
Topological and geometric analysis of cell states in single-cell transcriptomic data
"Here, we aim to explore the usage of TGDA tools, specifically graph curvature and persistent homology, for stablishing structure-function relationships in scRNA-seq to predict cell properties from the underlying structures of the data."
"Here, we aim to explore the usage of TGDA tools, specifically graph curvature and persistent homology, for stablishing structure-function relationships in scRNA-seq to predict cell properties from the underlying structures of the data."
The second law of infodynamics and its implications for the simulated universe hypothesis
Abstract:
The simulation hypothesis is a philosophical theory, in which the entire universe and our objective reality are just simulated constructs. Despite the lack of evidence, this idea is gaining traction in scientific circles as well as in the entertainment industry. Recent scientific developments in the field of information physics, such as the publication of the mass-energy-information equivalence principle, appear to support this possibility. In particular, the 2022 discovery of the second law of information dynamics (infodynamics) facilitates new and interesting research tools at the intersection between physics and information. In this article, we re-examine the second law of infodynamics and its applicability to digital information, genetic information, atomic physics, mathematical symmetries, and cosmology, and we provide scientific evidence that appears to underpin the simulated universe hypothesis.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv/article/13/10/105308/2915332/The-second-law-of-infodynamics-and-its
Abstract:
The simulation hypothesis is a philosophical theory, in which the entire universe and our objective reality are just simulated constructs. Despite the lack of evidence, this idea is gaining traction in scientific circles as well as in the entertainment industry. Recent scientific developments in the field of information physics, such as the publication of the mass-energy-information equivalence principle, appear to support this possibility. In particular, the 2022 discovery of the second law of information dynamics (infodynamics) facilitates new and interesting research tools at the intersection between physics and information. In this article, we re-examine the second law of infodynamics and its applicability to digital information, genetic information, atomic physics, mathematical symmetries, and cosmology, and we provide scientific evidence that appears to underpin the simulated universe hypothesis.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv/article/13/10/105308/2915332/The-second-law-of-infodynamics-and-its
AIP Publishing
The second law of infodynamics and its implications for the simulated universe hypothesis
The simulation hypothesis is a philosophical theory, in which the entire universe and our objective reality are just simulated constructs. Despite the lack of e
Forwarded from gonzo-обзоры ML статей
An interesting frame regarding LLMs:
============
With many 🧩 dropping recently, a more complete picture is emerging of LLMs not as a chatbot, but the kernel process of a new Operating System. E.g. today it orchestrates:
- Input & Output across modalities (text, audio, vision)
- Code interpreter, ability to write & run programs
- Browser / internet access
- Embeddings database for files and internal memory storage & retrieval
A lot of computing concepts carry over. Currently we have single-threaded execution running at ~10Hz (tok/s) and enjoy looking at the assembly-level execution traces stream by. Concepts from computer security carry over, with attacks, defenses and emerging vulnerabilities.
I also like the nearest neighbor analogy of "Operating System" because the industry is starting to shape up similar:
Windows, OS X, and Linux <-> GPT, PaLM, Claude, and Llama/Mistral(?:)).
An OS comes with default apps but has an app store.
Most apps can be adapted to multiple platforms.
TLDR looking at LLMs as chatbots is the same as looking at early computers as calculators. We're seeing an emergence of a whole new computing paradigm, and it is very early.
https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1707437820045062561?t=d52fO-NpyyzCOid84cozMg&s=19
============
With many 🧩 dropping recently, a more complete picture is emerging of LLMs not as a chatbot, but the kernel process of a new Operating System. E.g. today it orchestrates:
- Input & Output across modalities (text, audio, vision)
- Code interpreter, ability to write & run programs
- Browser / internet access
- Embeddings database for files and internal memory storage & retrieval
A lot of computing concepts carry over. Currently we have single-threaded execution running at ~10Hz (tok/s) and enjoy looking at the assembly-level execution traces stream by. Concepts from computer security carry over, with attacks, defenses and emerging vulnerabilities.
I also like the nearest neighbor analogy of "Operating System" because the industry is starting to shape up similar:
Windows, OS X, and Linux <-> GPT, PaLM, Claude, and Llama/Mistral(?:)).
An OS comes with default apps but has an app store.
Most apps can be adapted to multiple platforms.
TLDR looking at LLMs as chatbots is the same as looking at early computers as calculators. We're seeing an emergence of a whole new computing paradigm, and it is very early.
https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1707437820045062561?t=d52fO-NpyyzCOid84cozMg&s=19
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Forwarded from нс (egor)
valverde_et_al_2015_punctuated_equilibrium_in_the_large_scale_evolution.pdf
1.4 MB
Forwarded from еіаі_(ой)
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4D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Rendering
Huazhong University of Science and Technology разом з Huawei Inc. опублікували код та статтю до свого методу 4D-GS (Gaussian Splatting), який перетворює звичайне відео у 3D відео (~30 FPS).
☑️ Google Colab.
☑️ Більше про Gaussian Splatting тут.
@eiaioi
Huazhong University of Science and Technology разом з Huawei Inc. опублікували код та статтю до свого методу 4D-GS (Gaussian Splatting), який перетворює звичайне відео у 3D відео (~30 FPS).
☑️ Google Colab.
☑️ Більше про Gaussian Splatting тут.
@eiaioi
🔥2
Forwarded from Link Crypt
Bupropion basically botched its landing, while the SSRIs really stuck theirs. Bupropion got FDA approval in 1985, while fluoxetine wasn't until 1987, so it had a head start. At this point, though, antidepressants weren't considered a big market (more of a specialty drug for an uncommon diagnosis, in an era when primary care had a healthy fear of tricyclics and MAOIs.) More importantly, bupropion got pulled in 1986 over seizure concerns. In these days, there was only instant-release bupropion, it was being dosed up to 600/day, and the elevated risk in eating disorders wasn't established, so the risk was pretty meaningful.
Bupropion got re-introduced in 1989 with a lower dose ceiling, but by this point fluoxetine was making a name for itself, and presumably bupropion was still tainted by seizure fears. The SR version didn't come along until 1996 and XL until 2003, so while the other SSRIs were coming to market and being marketed aggressively to various niches, bupropion was a TID-dosed drug specifically for MDD competing against once-a-day medications that also covered anxiety disorders. I don't think it was marketed nearly as effectively as the SSRIs. Remember also that sexual side effects took some years to really come to light, so bupropion's big selling point wasn't obvious at the time, and in the 80s/early 90s weight gain wasn't nearly as strong of a cultural concern in the U.S. (particularly as compared to getting depressed patients to eat something.)
In the modern world, bupropion/SSRIs/SNRIs/mirtazapine are all reasonable first-line options for MDD in the guidelines, depending on desired/undesired side effects and comorbidities. The old idea that bupropion will make anxious people too anxious is substantially overblown, and some smaller studies have actually found it helpful for anxiety disorders.
Bupropion got re-introduced in 1989 with a lower dose ceiling, but by this point fluoxetine was making a name for itself, and presumably bupropion was still tainted by seizure fears. The SR version didn't come along until 1996 and XL until 2003, so while the other SSRIs were coming to market and being marketed aggressively to various niches, bupropion was a TID-dosed drug specifically for MDD competing against once-a-day medications that also covered anxiety disorders. I don't think it was marketed nearly as effectively as the SSRIs. Remember also that sexual side effects took some years to really come to light, so bupropion's big selling point wasn't obvious at the time, and in the 80s/early 90s weight gain wasn't nearly as strong of a cultural concern in the U.S. (particularly as compared to getting depressed patients to eat something.)
In the modern world, bupropion/SSRIs/SNRIs/mirtazapine are all reasonable first-line options for MDD in the guidelines, depending on desired/undesired side effects and comorbidities. The old idea that bupropion will make anxious people too anxious is substantially overblown, and some smaller studies have actually found it helpful for anxiety disorders.
Forwarded from Цуберок 🇺🇦 #УкрТґ
Cells Inside Living Embryos Use Tiny Tubes to Mail Packages to One Another : ScienceAlert
https://www.sciencealert.com/cells-inside-living-embryos-use-tiny-tubes-to-mail-packages-to-one-another
https://www.sciencealert.com/cells-inside-living-embryos-use-tiny-tubes-to-mail-packages-to-one-another
ScienceAlert
Cells Inside Living Embryos Use Tiny Tubes to Mail Packages to One Another
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