Re: Push Ifs Up and Fors Down

My weird mental model: You have a tree of possible states/program flow. Conditions prune the tree. Prune the tree as early as possible so that you have to do work on fewer branches.

Don’t meticulously evaluate and potentially prune every single branch, only to find you have to prune the whole limb anyways.

Or even weirder: conditionals are about figuring out what work doesn’t need to be done. Loops are the “work.”

Ultimately I want my functions to be about one thing: walking the program tree or doing work.

Waterluvian, 15 hours ago

Re: At Amazon, some coders say their jobs have begun t...

To me it feels like part of the hype train, like crypto & VR.

I recently had the (dis)pleasure of fixing a bug in a codebase that was vibe coded.

It ends up being a collection of disorganized business problems converted into code, without any kind of structure.

Refinements are implemented as super-narrow patches, resulting in complex and unorganized code, whereas a human developer might take a step back to try and extract more common patterns.

And once you reach the limit of the context window you're essentially suck, as the LLM can no longer keep track of its patches.

English (or all spoken human language) is not precise enough to articulate what you want your code to do, and more importantly, a lot of time and experience precedes code that a senior developer writes.

If you want to have this senior developer 'vibe' code, then you'll need to have a way to be more precise in your prompts, and be able to articulate all learnings from your past mistakes and experience.

And that is incredibly heavy. Remember, this is opposite from answering 'why did you write it like this'. This is an endless list of items that say 'don't do this, but this, in this highly specific context'.

OptionOfT, 18 hours ago

Re: Frequent reauth doesn't make you more secure

Forced password rotation and expiry seems the bigger problem; given that it causes people to get locked out so often, (e.g. if pw expires when on holiday), — often then requiring travelling to IT, or at least a few hours trying to get IT on the phone to reset, or chasing up colleagues who aren't locked out to get in touch with IT.

Many (most?) companies still do it, despite it now not being recommended by NIST:

> Verifiers SHOULD NOT require memorized secrets to be changed arbitrarily (e.g., periodically)

https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html

Or by Microsoft

> Password expiration requirements do more harm than good...

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/misc/password-policy-recommendations?view=o365-worldwide

But these don't seem to be authoritative enough for IT / security, (and there are still guidelines out there that do recommend the practice IIRC).

montebicyclelo, 13 hours ago

Re: OpenAI charges by the minute, so speed up your audio

With transcribing a talk by Andrej, you already picked the most challenging case possible, speed-wise. His natural talking speed is already >=1.5x that of a normal human. One of the people you absolutely have to set your YouTube speed back down to 1x when listening to follow what's going on.

In the idea of making more of an OpenAI minute, don't send it any silence.

E.g.

    ffmpeg -i video-audio.m4a \
      -af "silenceremove=start_periods=1:start_duration=0:start_threshold=-50dB:\
                         stop_periods=-1:stop_duration=0.02:stop_threshold=-50dB,\
                         apad=pad_dur=0.02" \
      -c:a aac -b:a 128k output_minpause.m4a -y

will cut the talk down from 39m31s to 31m34s, by replacing any silence (with a -50dB threshold) longer than 20ms by a 20ms pause. And to keep with the spirit of your post, I measured only that the input file got shorter, I didn't look at all at the quality of the transcription by feeding it the shorter version.

w-m, 1 day ago

Re: Ask HN: The government of my country blocked VPN access. What should I use?

Hello! I've got experience working on censorship circumvention for a major VPN provider (in the early 2020s).

- First things first, you have to get your hands on actual VPN software and configs. Many providers who are aware of VPN censorship and cater to these locales distribute their VPNs through hard-to-block channels and in obfuscated packages. S3 is a popular option but by no means the only one, and some VPN providers partner with local orgs who can figure out the safest and most efficient ways to distribute a VPN package in countries at risk of censorship or undergoing censorship.

- Once you've got the software, you should try to use it with an obfuscation layer.

Obfs4proxy is a popular tool here, and relies on a pre-shared key to make traffic look like nothing special. IIRC it also hides the VPN handshake. This isn't a perfectly secure model, but it's good enough to defeat most DPI setups.

Another option is Shapeshifter, from Operator (https://github.com/OperatorFoundation). Or, in general, anything that uses pluggable transports. While it's a niche technology, it's quite useful in your case.

In both cases, the VPN provider must provide support for these protocols.

- The toughest step long term is not getting caught using a VPN. By its nature, long-term statistical analysis will often reveal a VPN connection regardless of obfuscation and masking (and this approach can be cheaper to support than DPI by a state actor). I don't know the situation on the ground in Indonesia, so I won't speculate about what the best way to avoid this would be, long-term.

I will endorse Mullvad as a trustworthy and technically competent VPN provider in this niche (n.b., I do not work for them, nor have I worked for them; they were a competitor to my employer and we always respected their approach to the space).

_verandaguy, 3 hours ago

Re: Next.js is infuriating

I 100% agree. I've ran into the same issues, and I would never use Next.js for anything, and I will encourage every team at work to use something else.

In general Next.js has so many layers of abstraction that 99.9999% of projects don't need. And the ones that do are probably better off building a bespoke solution from lower level parts.

Next.js is easily the worst technology I've ever used.

YuukiRey, 9 hours ago

Re: Why Self-Host?

"start self-hosting more of your personal services."

I would make the case that you should also self host more as a small Software/SAAS business and it is not quite the boogeyman that a lot of cloud vendors want you to think.

Here is why. Most software projects/businesses don't require the scale and complexity for which you truly need the cloud vendors and their expertise. For example, you don't need Vercel to deploy NextJS or whatever static website or even netlify. You can setup Nginx or Caddy (my favorite) on a simple VPS with Ubuntu etc and boom. For majority of projects, that will do.

90%+ of projects can be self hosted with the following:

- A well hardened VPS server with good security controls. Plenty of good articles online on how to do the most important things (remove root login, ssh should only be key based etc).

- Setup a reverse proxy like Caddy (my favorite) or Nginx etc. Boom. Static files can now be served. Static websites can be served. No need for CDN etc unless you are talking about millions of requests per day.

- Setup your backend/API with something simple like supervisor or even the native systemd.

- The same Reverse proxy can also forward requests to backend and other services as needed. Not that hard.

- Self host a mysql/postgres database and setup the right security controls.

- Most importantly: Setup backups for everything using a script/cron and test them periodically.

- IF you really want to feel safe against DOS/DDOS etc, add cloudflare in front of everything.

So you end up with:

Cloudflare/DNS=>Reverse Proxy (Caddy/Nginx)=>Your App.

- You want to deploy ? Git pull should do it for most projects like PHP etc. If you have to rebuild binary, it will be another step but possible.

You don't need Docker or containers. They can help but not needed for small to even mid sized projects.

Yes, you can claim that a lot of these things are hard and I would say they are not that hard. Majority of projects don't need the web scale or whatever.

codegeek, 2 days ago

Re: Uv is the best thing to happen to the Python ecosystem in a decade

For single-file Python scripts, which 99% of mine seem to be, you can simplify your life immensely by just putting this at the top of the script:

  #!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
  # /// script
  # requires-python = ">=3.11"
  # dependencies = [ "modules", "here" ]
  # ///

The script now works like a standalone executable, and uv will magically install and use the specified modules.

LeoPanthera, 8 hours ago