Both "with" and "while" are excellent choices, but "while" is the perfect choice if your goal is to write a high-scoring academic essay (like IELTS Academic Task 1).
Here is why "while" has a slight advantage, along with how to choose between them:
1. Why "While" is slightly better for Data Description
Stronger Contrast: "While" explicitly signals to the reader that you are comparing or contrasting two pieces of data. Examiners love this because making comparisons is a core requirement of data-description tasks.
Clarity: It uses standard sentence structure (Subject + Verb), making it less prone to grammar mistakes.

Perfect Version: "...are forecast to continue growing, while the latter is expected to remain the most populous..."

2. Why "With" is still a great alternative
Variety: "With + -ing" is an advanced grammatical structure (an absolute phrase). Using it correctly shows the examiner that you have a wide range of vocabulary and grammar.
Flow: It works beautifully to pack a secondary detail into the end of a sentence without repeating words.

Perfect Version: "...are forecast to continue growing, with the latter remaining the most populous..."

The Verdict: How to use both
Do not choose just one for your whole essay! To get the highest score possible for Grammatical Range:
Use "while" for your main comparisons where you want to highlight a contrast.
Use "with" once or twice later in the essay to show the examiner you know how to use complex structures.

Yes, you can use "after that" instead of "after which," but it changes the structure of your sentence. You cannot just swap them directly without changing the punctuation.
Here is the key difference in how you must use them:
1. "After which" (Connects one long sentence)
"After which" is a relative pronoun structure. It acts like a hook that glues two actions together into one single sentence. It requires a comma before it.

Example: The elderly population will peak in 2040, after which it is forecast to decline.

2. "After that" (Starts a new sentence)
"After that" is a transition phrase. It cannot glue two sentences together with just a comma (that creates a grammar error called a comma splice). You must end the first thought with a period or a semicolon, and then start fresh.

Incorrect: The elderly population will peak in 2040, after that it is forecast to decline. ❌
Correct: The elderly population will peak in 2040. After that, it is forecast to decline.
Correct: The elderly population will peak in 2040; after that, it is forecast to decline.

Quick Comparison
Linker
Punctuation Needed
Style
..., after which [verb]
Comma before
Very formal, advanced academic style.
... . After that, [verb]
Period before + Comma after
Clear, standard, and easy to read.
Which one is better?
For academic writing or data description essays, "after which" sounds slightly more sophisticated because it creates a complex sentence. However, "after that" is perfectly fine as long as you use a period to separate the two sentences.

Here is a full analysis of your sentence, including a critical correction of a common vocabulary mistake and a breakdown of its grammar, meaning, and usefulness for academic writing.

1. The Core Error Correction ⚠️
Before breaking down the grammar, there is a spelling/word choice error in this sentence:
Incorrect: "...reach a chart high..." ❌
Correct: "...reach a record high..." or "...reach a peak of..."
"Record high" is the correct English idiom meaning the highest level or percentage ever documented in the data. "Chart high" is not a recognized phrase in English.
2. Grammatical Breakdown (Corrected Version)

"This proportion is set to reach a record high of 30% by 2030."

"This proportion" (Noun Phrase / Subject): This refers back to the specific percentage mentioned in your previous sentence. Using "proportion" instead of repeating "percentage" or "number" provides excellent lexical resource (vocabulary variety).
"is set to" (Verb Phrase): This is a passive-like future construction meaning "is scheduled to," "is expected to," or "is projected to." It is perfect for forecasting data.
"reach" (Infinitive Verb): The action of arriving at a specific number.
"a record high of 30%" (Noun Phrase / Object): "Record high" acts as a compound noun modifying the statistic. "Of 30%" specifies the exact measurement.
"by 2030" (Prepositional Phrase of Time): The word "by" is critical here. It means "not later than" or "up to the point of." It implies a gradual rise culminating in the year 203

The phrase "came at the lower end of the spectrum" is an advanced, academic way to say that a specific number, percentage, or data point was among the lowest when compared to everything else in the data set.
Here is a full breakdown of what this phrase means, its grammar, and how to use it in your writing:
1. Meaning of the Imagery
The Spectrum: Imagine a scale, line, or rainbow ranging from the absolute lowest value on the left to the highest value on the right.
The Lower End: This refers to the bottom section of that scale (the lowest numbers).
Therefore, saying a statistic "came at the lower end" means it was near the bottom of the list.
2. Example in Context (Data Description)
If you are comparing the elderly populations of several countries:

“While Germany and Italy had the highest proportions of elderly citizens, Canada and the UK came at the lower end of the spectrum, with figures of just 11% and 12% respectively.”

3. Grammatical Breakdown
"Came at" (Verb Phrase): In this context, "come" means to occupy a specific position or place in a ranking. Because it uses the past tense "came," it is used for historical data (e.g., data from the year 1980 or 2000).
"the lower end" (Noun Phrase): Notice the comparative adjective lower. You use "lower" because you are comparing this group to the "higher" group.
"of the spectrum" (Prepositional Phrase): Defines what scale you are talking about.
4. Alternative Forms for Future Data
If you are writing about forecasted or future data (like your previous sentences about 2030), you must change the tense of the verb:
Future/Projection: "Canada is forecast to come at the lower end of the spectrum..."
Future/Projection: "Figures for Canada are expected to fall at the lower end of the spectrum..."
5. Synonyms to Avoid Repetition
If you have already used this phrase in your essay, you can use these excellent academic alternatives to say the same thing:
...occupied the lower ranks...
...sat at the bottom of the scale...
...recorded some of the lowest figures..

article time

if i go to holiday, l forget all challenges at my job and in my life. i regulate myself more accurately by catching myself thinking

irrespective of my laziness, I decided to go on holiday to recharge my battery, keep my stress at bay, sweep unpleasant experiences under the rug by take break from my mundane jobs and obligations.

after the holiday, i felt energetic, helpful, and responsible to my job and family, friends. i stated to look at everything with new perspective. i stopped self comparing my self to others

protagonist
/prə(ʊ)ˈtaɡənɪst/
A protagonist is the main or leading character in a story, movie, play, or book who drives the plot forward.


Key Characteristics
Central Focus: The story revolves around this person, and the audience follows their perspective or journey.
Goal-Oriented: They have a clear goal or desire that moves the narrative forward.
Faces Conflict: They encounter major obstacles, often pushed by an opposing force called an antagonist.
Undergoes Change: They usually experience personal growth, transformation, or a definitive fate by the end of the story.

Other Meanings
Supporter or Advocate: In non-literary contexts, it can mean a leading champion, advocate, or supporter of a political cause or social movement.
Origin: The word comes from ancient Greek (protagonistes), meaning "the chief actor"

An inciting incident is the pivotal event in a story that disrupts a character's normal life and sets the main plot into motion.


Core Characteristics
Disruption: It shatters the protagonist’s status quo or ordinary routine.
Timing: It usually happens early in the narrative (often within the first 10% to 15% of a book or film).
Action: It forces the main character to react, make a choice, or embark on a new path.


Famous Examples
The Hunger Games: Primrose Everdeen’s name is drawn at the reaping, forcing Katniss to volunteer.
Harry Potter: Hagrid delivers the acceptance letter to Hogwarts, revealing Harry's true identity.
The Hobbit: Gandalf and the dwarves arrive at Bilbo’s hobbit-hole to recruit him for an adventure.

inciting
Inciting is the present participle of the verb incite, which means to encourage, stir up, or provoke someone to do or feel something—usually violent, unlawful, or unpleasant.


Core Meaning
Definition: Urging, rousing, or spurring a person or group into action.
Context: It is most frequently used in a negative or illegal context, such as provoking a riot, causing a rebellion, or spreading hatred.
Common Phrase: Inciting a riot or inciting violence refers to speech or actions meant to make a crowd turn aggressive or break the law.


Examples of Usage
"The speech was accused of inciting the crowd to attack the building."
"Sharing false information online can end up inciting panic and fear."
Common Synonyms
Provoking
Stirring up
Instigating
Fomenting

Synonyms for "Demanding"


For difficult tasks or situations:
Challenging: Requires skill and effort.
Taxing: Drains your physical or mental energy.
Rigorous: Extremely strict, thorough, or harsh.
Grueling: Punishingly hard or exhausting.




For strict or high-maintenance people:
Exacting: Demands precise correctness or perfection.
Critical: Quick to find fault or judge.
Fussy: Hard to please over tiny details.



Synonyms for "Quest"
For physical journeys or missions:
Expedition: A journey undertaken by a group with a definite purpose.
Journey: An act of traveling from one place to another.
Voyage: A long journey involving travel by sea or space.


For abstract goals or searches:
Pursuit: The act of chasing or striving for a goal.
Search: An attempt to find someone or something.
Crusade: A vigorous campaign for political, social, or personal change.
Mission: An important assignment given to a person or group

the elephant in the room


"The elephant in the room" is an idiom for an obvious, major problem or controversial issue that everyone is aware of but avoids discussing because it feels awkward, uncomfortable, or sensitive.



Meaning and Origin
The phrase uses a visual metaphor: an actual elephant inside a small room would be huge and impossible to miss.
People in the room still pretend the animal is not there.
The saying highlights how groups often ignore large, pressing truths to keep the peace or avoid conflict.



Common Examples
Family: Everyone at the dinner table ignores a recent family fight, making it the elephant in the room.
Work: A team avoids talking about upcoming budget cuts during a project meeting.

O‘zbek tilida "elephant in the room" iborasining to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri so‘zma-so‘z tarjimasi yo‘q, biroq uning ma'nosi — hamma ko‘rib-bilib turgan, lekin noqulaylikdan qochib, hech kim tilga olmayotgan katta muammo yoki haqiqatdir.

Vaziyatga qarab, bu iborani o‘zbek tilida quyidagicha ifodalash mumkin:
Ma'noviy tarjimalari

Hamma o‘zini ko‘rmaganga solayotgan yaqqol muammo (Ochig‘i, hamma ko‘rib turgan, lekin jim bo‘lgan masala).
Hamma biladigan, lekin aytishga iymanadigan (yoki qo‘rqadigan) haqiqat.
Sir boy berilmayotgan, lekin hammaga ayon masala.

Yaqin o‘zbekcha iboralar va maqollar
Agar odamlarning yaqqol haqiqatni ataylab ko‘rmaslikka olishini tasvirlamoqchi bo‘lsangiz, quyidagi o‘zbekcha iboralar mos keladi:
Tuyani ko‘rdingmi — yo‘q — Hamma narsa ko‘rinib turgan bo‘lsa ham, muammoni tan olmaslik yoki o‘zini hech narsadan xabarsizday ko‘rsatish vaziyatida ishlatiladi.
Ko‘r bo‘lsang ham, ko‘rib turibsan-ku — Muammoning juda aniq va yaqqol ekanligini ta'kidlash uchun.
Yashirgan bilan yashirmagan barobar — Baribir hamma bilib bo‘lgan narsa haqida gapirilganda.


Gapda ishlatilishiga misol

"Biz majlisda yangi loyihani muhokama qildik, lekin byudjet yetishmasligi (hamma bilib, o‘zini ko‘rmaganga solayotgan eng asosiy muammo) haqida hech kim gapirmadi."

desk-bound


Desk-bound means restricted to working or sitting at a desk in an office.
Core Definitions



Sedentary work: Doing tasks that require sitting for long periods, usually involving a computer, paperwork, or administrative duties.
Out of touch: Sometimes used to describe someone whose office job leaves them unfamiliar with practical matters or real-world conditions outside.
Noncombatant: Used in military contexts to describe personnel who do administrative work rather than active fighting.



Common Synonyms
Sedentary
Office-bound
Chair-bound


Examples in Sentences
"He felt restless after spending five straight hours desk-bound during the morning shift."
"The desk-bound manager struggled to understand the actual challenges faced by the factory workers

desk-bound working

“Desk-bound fast-food” refers to quick, easily accessible meals eaten by office employees directly at their desks due to a lack of time or a sedentary work routine. It is a combination of two separate terms used to describe a specific modern workplace lifestyle:


Desk-bound: Restricting someone to working exclusively at an office desk with very little physical activity (sedentary).



Fast-food: Quick, processed, or pre-prepared meals (like burgers, sandwiches, or takeout) designed for immediate consumption.



What it implies in daily context

When these words are grouped together, they usually highlight a convenient but unhealthy lifestyle habit. It points to a corporate culture where employees don't take a proper lunch break, choosing instead to order quick, highly-processed takeout and eat it while continuing to answer emails or look at spreadsheets.


A closely related workplace slang term for this is "deskfast" (eating breakfast at your desk) or a "working lunch

desk-bound fast-food
lunches