mr che
7. Economic Downturn - *Risk:* Reduced consumer spending affecting sales - *Mitigation:* Affordable pricing strategy, value meal options, loyalty programs, diversified revenue streams through catering 8. Regulatory Changes - *Risk:* New health regulations…
CASSAVA PRODUCT-WPS Office.docx
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Got it — here’s a clean table and a full write-up using both your crosstab and Chi-square results.
*Table 1*
_Relationship Between Gender and Preferred Pepper Variety Cultivated_
Gender Habanero Chilli Pepper Total
Male 38 (32.8%) 78 (67.2%) 116 (100%)
Female 84 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 84 (100%)
Total 122 (61.0%) 78 (39.0%) 200 (100%)
_Note: Percentages are row percentages (% within Gender). N = 200._
_Chi-square test: $\chi^2(1, N=200) = 82.60, p <.001$. Fisher’s Exact Test p <.001. Cramer’s V = .64._
*Sample Write-up*
*For academic/report style:*
A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relationship between gender and preferred pepper variety cultivated. The relation between these variables was statistically significant, $\chi^2(1, N=200) = 82.60, p <.001$. The effect size was large, Cramer’s V = .64, indicating a strong association.
As shown in Table 1, there was a marked difference in preference by gender. While 67.2% (n=78) of male respondents preferred Chilli Pepper and 32.8% (n=38) preferred Habanero, female respondents showed exclusive preference for Habanero, with 100.0% (n=84) selecting it and none selecting Chilli Pepper. Overall, Habanero was the most cultivated variety at 61.0% (n=122), but this was driven entirely by female growers and one-third of male growers. Chilli Pepper was cultivated exclusively by males, who accounted for 100% of its growers.
All expected cell frequencies were greater than five, with a minimum expected count of 32.76, indicating that the assumptions for Chi-square were met. Fisher’s Exact Test also confirmed the significance of the association, p <.001.
These results indicate that gender is strongly associated with pepper variety preference in this sample, with Chilli Pepper cultivation being a male-only activity and Habanero being the sole variety cultivated by females.
---
*For presentation/policy brief style:*
*Key finding: Pepper variety choice is strongly gendered*
- *100% of women* cultivate Habanero only.
- *Men split 2:1* toward Chilli Pepper — 67.2% Chilli vs 32.8% Habanero.
- *Zero overlap*: No women cultivate Chilli Pepper; it is exclusively male-grown in this sample.
- The relationship is statistically significant, $\chi^2(1, N=200) = 82.60, p <.001$, with a large effect size, V = .64.
_Implication_: Extension programs or input support for Chilli Pepper would target only male farmers, while Habanero support needs to reach both genders but is critical for all female farmers.
*Notes for you:*
1. *Cramer’s V = .64*: I calculated this from $\sqrt{82.60/200} = .64$. For a 2x2 table, Cramer’s V = Phi. Values >.50 = large effect.
2. *Why report Fisher’s too?* You have a zero cell. Chi-square is still valid here because expected counts are >5, but Fisher’s is the safest to cite and SPSS gives you both.
3. *Don’t say “causes”*: We can only say gender and variety are associated, not that gender determines preference.
Need me to adjust the write-up for a specific audience, like a journal vs. a farmer group?
*Table 1*
_Relationship Between Gender and Preferred Pepper Variety Cultivated_
Gender Habanero Chilli Pepper Total
Male 38 (32.8%) 78 (67.2%) 116 (100%)
Female 84 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 84 (100%)
Total 122 (61.0%) 78 (39.0%) 200 (100%)
_Note: Percentages are row percentages (% within Gender). N = 200._
_Chi-square test: $\chi^2(1, N=200) = 82.60, p <.001$. Fisher’s Exact Test p <.001. Cramer’s V = .64._
*Sample Write-up*
*For academic/report style:*
A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relationship between gender and preferred pepper variety cultivated. The relation between these variables was statistically significant, $\chi^2(1, N=200) = 82.60, p <.001$. The effect size was large, Cramer’s V = .64, indicating a strong association.
As shown in Table 1, there was a marked difference in preference by gender. While 67.2% (n=78) of male respondents preferred Chilli Pepper and 32.8% (n=38) preferred Habanero, female respondents showed exclusive preference for Habanero, with 100.0% (n=84) selecting it and none selecting Chilli Pepper. Overall, Habanero was the most cultivated variety at 61.0% (n=122), but this was driven entirely by female growers and one-third of male growers. Chilli Pepper was cultivated exclusively by males, who accounted for 100% of its growers.
All expected cell frequencies were greater than five, with a minimum expected count of 32.76, indicating that the assumptions for Chi-square were met. Fisher’s Exact Test also confirmed the significance of the association, p <.001.
These results indicate that gender is strongly associated with pepper variety preference in this sample, with Chilli Pepper cultivation being a male-only activity and Habanero being the sole variety cultivated by females.
---
*For presentation/policy brief style:*
*Key finding: Pepper variety choice is strongly gendered*
- *100% of women* cultivate Habanero only.
- *Men split 2:1* toward Chilli Pepper — 67.2% Chilli vs 32.8% Habanero.
- *Zero overlap*: No women cultivate Chilli Pepper; it is exclusively male-grown in this sample.
- The relationship is statistically significant, $\chi^2(1, N=200) = 82.60, p <.001$, with a large effect size, V = .64.
_Implication_: Extension programs or input support for Chilli Pepper would target only male farmers, while Habanero support needs to reach both genders but is critical for all female farmers.
*Notes for you:*
1. *Cramer’s V = .64*: I calculated this from $\sqrt{82.60/200} = .64$. For a 2x2 table, Cramer’s V = Phi. Values >.50 = large effect.
2. *Why report Fisher’s too?* You have a zero cell. Chi-square is still valid here because expected counts are >5, but Fisher’s is the safest to cite and SPSS gives you both.
3. *Don’t say “causes”*: We can only say gender and variety are associated, not that gender determines preference.
Need me to adjust the write-up for a specific audience, like a journal vs. a farmer group?
The bar chart illustrates the percentage of seedlings lost to snail damage prior to treatment application across five treatment plots, T0 to T4. T3 recorded the highest baseline loss at approximately 57%, while T4 showed the lowest at around 33%. T0, T1, and T2 had comparable levels of damage, ranging between 41% and 46%. Although there was visible variation in initial seedling loss among plots, a one-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in percentage loss prior to treatment application. This indicates that all plots started from statistically similar conditions, making them suitable for valid comparison of treatment effects in the subsequent analysis.