Continuing to assess reinforcement learning methods, attention is given to the reward function. A crucial part of model training, it has notoriously ambiguous signals. In pursuit of encouraging desirable behavior from an Agent, reward functions often become more complex with added bonuses and penalties. Problems in Agent achievement can arise in spite of careful design, creating difficulty in deciphering the translation of these signals. To alleviate this, a proposal for reward decomposition is presented.

The method, involving the breakdown of rewards into individual chunks and examining their influence, allows for better understanding of Agent behavior. It also aids in identifying issues and effectively adjusting the model architecture, training process, or reward function.

Reward function value decomposition proves a successful solution for a variety of challenges due to its sim...

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Learning MQL5 with no prior programming experience? It's challenging but achievable! The series of forthcoming articles aims to make MQL5 accessible to beginners, breaking down programming fundamentals such as variables, data types, loops, and conditional statements. The approach is step-by-step, starting with simple scripts and gently guiding towards more complex topics.

Consider this a comprehensive resource, complete with real-world examples illustrating how MQL5 applies to algorithmic trading. Interactive learning is encouraged, pushing readers to practice writing code, experimenting, and applying their knowledge. Ultimately, these articles are crafted to allow those with no programming background to skillfully tackle MQL5 and the exciting world of algorithmic trading.

The array of forthcoming topics includes:
- Introduction to Programming
- Types of MQL5 Programs
- MetaEditor I...

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For those keen on learning coding or those in search of basic code that allows speedy evolution, this information is beneficial. It provides simplified and reusable code extracted from the official documentation. The feedback on whether the original documentation code is preferred or the revised version is encouraged. Engaging through comments and rating is recommended for an optimized Search Engine Outcome.

Various coding examples targeting beginners are provided; these cover a range of functionalities such as ADX, Alligator, AMA - Adaptive Moving Average, ATR - Average True Range, Bollinger Bands, Ichimoku, MACD, Momentum, Moving Average, RSI, and Stochastic. In addition, a slightly more advanced level of coding is introduced with the calculations of these indicators that do not employ the Mql5 iFunction. The specific examples include AO - Awesome Oscillator and RSI.

For those int...

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In the recent article, the focus was on different types of Moving Averages and their respective performances. The comparison allowed for a deep understanding of the strategies behind moving averages. Particularly, the analysis focused on the simple type of moving average, comparing its results with other types.

Article also observed the traders' tendencies to resort to different types of moving averages according to their preferences. A detailed analysis ensued, testing the performance of each type and comparing the results.

Creating a simple application for backtesting strategies in MetaTrader 5 Strategy Tester is also highlighted. For insights on understanding testing results, refer to the dedicated article on utilizing MQL5 Strategy Tester effectively. Following topics were dissected in detail: Simple Moving Average (SMA), Adaptive Moving Average (iAMA), Double Exponenti...

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If you're seeking to simplify your code for more manageable re-usability, the official documentation offers an array of functional examples. Whether you're just entering the world of coding or if you're a seasoned computer programmer looking to streamline your code, these resources are there to aid your programming journey.

Referencing the documentation, and tailoring it for increased simplicity, an array of codes has been developed. They serve as accessible starting points for individuals seeking to gain momentum swiftly in their coding endeavors. Your feedback on these examples, outlining whether the official documentation or the simplified versions are more beneficial for you is welcome.

Several beginner-friendly codes based on Mql5 IFfunctions have been provided. These include ADX, Alligator, Adaptive Moving Average (AMA), Average True Range (ATR), Bollinger Bands, Ichimoku, MAC...

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Examining the practical application of category theory within the realm of trading system design. Focusing on the use of functors, in conjunction with monoids, to guide decision-making in trading. Using classes from Meta Editor IDE, we discuss how position sizing can be influenced by projected stop loss within a custom instance of the Expert money class. Functors capture differences between categories, useful in forecasting changes in volatility and market trends. They can further be implemented as multi-layer perceptrons, serving as bridges in the neural network. This article explores how monoids and functors can work together to set position sizes in trading. A case study will also demonstrate their potential in a real-world scenario. The implications of this methodology are vast, potentially introducing a new era of precision in trading system design. These theoretical tools can br...

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Continuing our journey into programming intricacies, let's shift our focus to an interesting aspect - comparing asynchronous and synchronous 'all close.'. A sample program has been put together for a practical understanding of this concept. Users are encouraged to manipulate the program design, fit according to their unique testing purposes.

Take note that this program is adaptable for incorporating additional elements or conditions, offering you significant freedom for experimenting and learning. Remember, the key element of strengthening programming prowess lies in the relentless pursuit to decode, understand, modify, and apply knowledge in a variety of scenarios. Hence, do not refrain from taking risks and engaging in experimental coding manoeuvres.

Stay tuned as we'll be introducing more technical tidbits in the future designed to cement an understanding of the dynamic field of...

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Assessing the impact of dividend announcements on stock market returns and gauging the validity of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in the Indian Stock Market forms the crux of this lately conducted study. Thereby verifying the information efficiency in the market the task repaints a vivid picture on how stock prices adjust according to investors earning market return and leaving no room for abnormal returns during dividend announcements. Adopting companies under Nifty 50 for the empirical analysis, these organizations are categorized into three groups depending on their dividend announcements in the year 2022 - positive, negative or no change.

Following the calculation of Abnormal Returns(AR) for event window for each company, these ARs are calculated via tricky methods to yield Average Abnormal Returns (AAR). Moreover, Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR) assists in finding an...

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In the world of automated trading development, there's an emerging trend of integrating artificial intelligence techniques with Expert Advisors in MQL5. AI techniques such as neural networks and perceptron classes from Alglib prove to be game-changers in technical trading, owing to their capability to handle voluminous data and identifying complex non-linear patterns.

Alglib's perceptron classes, part of a vast library implementing neural networks, offer a robust system for adjusting weights, which is a vital part of any neural network. They provide network architectures that normalize input data to relatable values, provide unique activation functions, and carry out iterative processes involving multiplication and addition.

These classes apply two primary training approaches–the Levenberg-Marquadt and the LBFGS (Limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) algorithms. Both brin...

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In the latest work, "The Reverse EMA Indicator", John Ehlers invites readers to scrutinize an avant-garde causal forward and backward EMA indicator crafted for real-time trading practices. The presented solution is engineered with a dual smoothing feature at the higher end of the spectrum designed to attenuate aliased components. Simultaneously, it's devised to soften the effects of spectral dilation at the spectrum's lower end.

Ehlers characterizes the novel indicator as possessing remarkable adaptability. It can showcase information about both trend and cycle by implementing a variable alpha parameter, accomplishing this with minimal lag. This tool promises to add value for those who aim to enhance their trading efficacy and efficiency. This lucid, innovative approach is expected to attract considerable attention within the trading and financial analytics realm.

Stand by for more...

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In the realm of Design Patterns in software development, understanding Behavioral Patterns is vital in creating reliable, maintainable, and reusable software. These types of design patterns illuminate the interaction between objects and the distribution of responsibilities. Key patterns include Chain of Responsibility, Command, Interpreter, and Iterator, among others.

The Chain of Responsibility pattern emphasizes the ability to decouple the sender and receiver by allowing more than one object to handle a request. Implementing this pattern aids in avoiding efficiency issues caused by long chains and facilitates robust request handling with no specified receiver.

The Command pattern focuses on encapsulating requests as objects. This pattern warrants for adjustable parameters for clients and accommodates undoable operations, suitable for developing larger structures from simple, basi...

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Shifting gears from the previously discussed NHITS model, let's take a look at the NBEATS model - an entirely different take on closing price predictions. This article aims to help illustrate multiple covariate use and the model's interpretability, underlining the importance of both concepts.

The point of focus should be on the model's interpretability. While also touching on why covariates are integral and how their use can widen the scope of possibilities. As a developer, the diverse use of models to substantiate hypotheses is key. Moreover, both NHITS and NBEATS fall under the banner of high-quality interpretable models, opening the door for verification using other models outlined in this article.

However, it's crucial to consider real trading applications seriously. It may necessitate additional parameter adjustments and optimization methods to yield reliable, steady results. I...

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In the realm of coding, simplification while retaining efficacy is always a commendable venture. Comprehension of the basic structure of code can significantly expedite the progression of both newcomers in coding and seasoned programmers. An invaluable resource can be found in the official documentation, generously providing examples for all codes and functions.

Striving to present a simpler rendition of existing code, undemanding to reuse, and enhance the steep curve in coding learning, a new variant has been presented. The objective is twofold; assisting self-improvement in coding skills and sharing these with others in the community.

Opinions and preferences between the official documentation and the newly presented version are encouraged and welcomed for the benefit of the entire community. Moreover, feedback through star ratings will aid in the SEO and make the resource more re...

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Unveiling a new feature in our system interface - the Horizontal Grid Controller, incorporated with KeyEvent initiations. This feature is designed to optimize interaction with grid points offering dynamic control.

Utilize the 'L' key to increment the number of grid points. Looking to minimize? The 'K' key has been programmed for that. Furthermore, restore to the default setting using the 'J' key.

One valuable addition is the provision for commentary on the chart about the actual grid point size. This not only enhances understanding but promotes better utility of data. An ideal blend of simplicity and technical edge for superior user experience.

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In the latest series, the role of foundational principles in category theory has been demonstrated by translating them into MQL5 code, assisting traders in designing robust trading systems. Functors and natural transformations take center stage in the realm of category theory. By shedding light once more on functors, a spotlight is cast on one of the cornerstones of the field.

The focal point of this piece, even though functors come into play again, is their application in the generation of entry and exit signals, a departure from the previous concentration on the adjustment of the trailing stop. This is not to imply that a magical formula lies within the attached code, rather, it proposes an idea for further refinement and customization based on individual interpretation of the markets.

Introduced in article 11, graphs representing interconnected systems through arrows and vertic...

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In the realm of IT and programming, the official documentation for all codes and functions are inclusive of examples. These examples can be utilized as a foundation for beginners or for seasoned coders seeking a basic code for swift evolution.

Attention is being directed to the simpler, easily reusable code that has been generated. This code is believed to be of immense help to professionals perfecting their coding skills or individuals just starting out in the world of coding. Feedback and discussions around the preferred code—the one from the original documentation or this generated code—are encouraged.

Contributions that cast a spotlight on SEO, such as citing a star, are much appreciated. Additionally, a series of other codes following the Mql5 iFunctions protocol are made available. These include codes for beginners crafted by William210 on a multitude of topics, namely ADX, Al...

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Welcome back to part 3 of "Improve Your Trading Charts With Interactive GUI's in MQL5". Parts one and two covered chart events and making the code versatile through .mqh files. The focus now shifts to boosting dashboards through integrating GUIs.

A reminder - dashboards without GUIs aren't fulfilling their purposes. The focus is on creating a Movable Dashboard with a GUI, utilized in the Simple Trading EA. The main objective is constructing this static dashboard. In insurance that it is not overly complex, using .mqh files enables us to refrain from repeating the same code.

Creating a static dashboard involves writing classes for 2 Labels, 2 Buttons, 1 Edit, and 2 Rectangle Labels. The creation comes down to strict implementation of functions for creation, destruction, setting of border types, and setting of background color.

In enhancing the dashboard, using the Rectangle Label Ob...

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Data smoothers play a critical role in eliminating high-frequency components from price data, as outlined by John Ehlers. Known as low pass filters, these algorithms work by performing averaging calculations in various formats. One such smoother is the Gaussian, among others.

These filters can assist in negating undesirable volatility in the data, thereby rendering it more manageable and accurate for analysis. As a result, the predictions derived from this filtered data tend to have less noise-induced errors and deliver high efficiency in digital signal processing applications.

Remember, this smoother works by reducing high-frequency components distorting data analysis, thereby prominently improving signal clarity.

Stay abreast with the latest in data smoothing techniques to derive the most optimal outcomes in price data interpretation. Maximize efficiency and mitigate inaccuracie...

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The challenges of efficient environmental exploration remain a key concern in the sphere of reinforcement learning. Utilizing additional internal reward mechanisms frequently leads to intricate algorithms caused by the complications of assessing novelty actions and visiting states which necessitate additional models. This brings us to the focus of our discussion: the Random Encoders for Efficient Exploration (RE3) algorithm.

The main goal of RE3 is to minimize the number of trained models, relying on even a randomly initialized encoder to effectively gauge the proximity of two states. It emphasizes on the maximization of state entropy in a fixed representation space of a randomly initialized encoder during model training. The reliance on the estimator k nearest neighbors in a low-dimensional space achieved with a randomly initialized encoder is one of its unique features.

In pract...

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Applying replay and simulation system to multiple assets requires systematic organization, particularly as improvements are implemented. While the existing source code offers some implicit functionalities, these should ideally be explicit. Ideally, the code should be equipped with the capability to easily append new functions as required. This requires a structured system that can accommodate future needs with minimal effort, ultimately creating a universal system that adapts seamlessly to any potential adjustments, which is the goal.

An efficient directory system is crucial in this scenario. When dealing with a hefty database, incorrect or forgotten data specifications could lead to system warnings and utilization of inaccurate data. By establishing a singularity in specifying data locations, these errors could be significantly minimized.

With organizational and practical applica...

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