NISM-Series-XX-Taxation in Securities Markets Certification Examination seeks to create knowledge amongst market participants about the different taxation aspects in the Securities Markets

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Owner’s capital in a business - Risk capital.
Has generated returns in excess of inflation
Capital appreciation as well as Dividends
If the profits of the company continue to grow over the years, the share price also increases
Share prices generally fluctuate…

Agricultural commodities – Perishable
Petroleum products such as petrol and diesel
Metals – Gold & Silver – Only capital appreciation
Commodities Derivatives - leveraged contracts, short-term contracts.
Hence not considered as Investments

Mutual Fund…

Location is an important factor
Illiquid Not a divisible asset
Physical Real Estate and Financial form
Rental income and Capital Appreciation
High transaction and maintenance costs

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Inflation - general rise in the prices
Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money
Nominal rate - Returns on investment without factoring inflation
Real rate is return after adjustment for inflation

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Price Risk – Company specific risk
Stability & Profitability of the company’s business
Sales may fall, due to technological changes, or the arrival of a better product.
Industry-specific factors impact all the firms within the same industry.
Can be reduced…

Bonds, Debentures are examples
Lender (Investor) and Borrower (Government or Corporate) relationship
Current Income - Regular interest or coupon
Traded in Secondary markets – possibility of Capital gains & Loss
Short term bonds (ideal for liquidity needs)…

Core Portfolios
To meet the long-term needs and goals of the investor.
Long-term returns in broad alignment with the markets.

Examples

Diversified Equity / Large Cap / Mid Cap funds
Large cap ETF / Index Funds – Passive Fund
Liquid & Ultra Short term…

the issuer pays all commitments in time,
the issuer pays the dues, but with some delay, and
the issuer does not pay principal and the interest at all.

Credit Risk - Reasons
Intention of the borrower

Ability of the borrower
business stability and profitability…

Safety – Understanding the risks involved
Liquidity - How easily can one liquidate the investment and convert it to cash?
PPF & Real Estate – Illiquid
Shares – Highly Liquid but fluctuate
Divisibility - Is it possible to liquidate part of the investment or…

Silver ETFs track prices of silver
Invest 95% of net assets in Silver and Exchange traded Commodity Derivatives (max 10% in ETCD)
Physical Silver of 30 kg bars with 99.9% purity
Benchmark – Domestic prices derived from LBMA
TER of Silver ETFs including the…

Equity & Bond investments - only in financial form
Real estate and commodities either in financial or in physical form
Real estate and commodities – Investment and Consumption purposes
Secondary income in the form of Dividend, Rent and Interest. (Equity,…

Market Risk – The risks that impact the entire economy are known as systematic risks
War, Political, Economic, Inflation, Interest rate
Results in a market wide fall
market-wide risk cannot be reduced through diversification.
systematic risk is known as non…