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📰 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 21 MARCH 2026
🏛 Political / Governance
1. National Dental Commission (NDC)
Government of India constituted the National Dental Commission.
Effective from: 19 March 2026
Replaces: Dental Council of India (DCI)
Objective:
Modernize dental education & regulation
Streamline governance in dental practice
2. PRARAMBH 2026 Campaign
Launched by Government of India
Purpose:
Awareness for implementation of Income Tax Act, 2025
Effective date of Act: 1 April 2026
Key Features:
Digital tools (Website 2.0)
AI chatbot: Kar Saathi
Citizen-centric tax system
3. New Income Tax Rules 2026
Notified under Income Tax Act, 2025
Effective from: 1 April 2026
Key Objectives:
Improve transparency
Strengthen reporting standards
Simplify compliance system
4. Telangana Budget 2026
Presented by: Deputy CM Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka
Key Schemes:
Indiramma Family Life Insurance Scheme
Cashless health scheme
Aim:
Financial security
Healthcare access
💰 Economy / Business
5. Nd-Fe-B Magnet Pilot Plant
Inaugurated at ARCI, Hyderabad
Full form: Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets
Importance:
Used in EVs, wind turbines, electronics
Critical for high-tech manufacturing
6. Airport Infrastructure Development
Expansion of greenfield & upgraded airports
Key Project:
Navi Mumbai International Airport (DB Patil Airport)
Aim:
Reduce congestion at Mumbai airport
7. HDFC Bank Chairman Resignation
Atanu Chakraborty resigned as part-time Chairman
Reason:
Ethical concerns over internal practices
Significance:
Highlights corporate governance issues
8. Liberties Clause in Shipping
Invoked due to West Asia conflict
Also called: Deviation Clause
Effect:
Cargo rerouting
Increased logistics cost
Supply chain disruptions
9. Accounting Education Reform
India hosts 55% of Global Capability Centres (GCCs)
Workforce projection (2030): 46 million
Demand:
Skills in global accounting frameworks (e.g., U.S. GAAP)
10. Women’s Financial Prosperity
Progress via JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile)
Issue:
Shift needed from access → prosperity
Based on:
Women’s Financial Prosperity Index
🌍 International Relations
11. 6th Generation Fighter Programs
India exploring participation in:
GCAP (Global Combat Air Programme)
FCAS (Future Combat Air System)
Aim:
Advanced air combat capability
Strategic global collaboration
12. West Asia Conflict Impact
Involving: U.S., Israel, Iran
Effects:
Shipping disruptions
Increased trade costs
Global supply chain stress
🔬 Science & Technology
13. Nd-Fe-B Magnet Technology
High magnetic strength
Applications:
Electric vehicles
Wind energy
Electronics
Significance:
Reduces import dependency
🛡 Defence & Security
14. India’s 6th Gen Fighter Plan
IAF considering:
GCAP or FCAS
Importance:
Future-ready defence capability
Tech collaboration
🌱 Environment & Climate
15. World Water Day 2026
Observed on: 22 March
Theme focus:
Water & gender equality
Issue:
Women disproportionately affected by water scarcity
16. Climate Change & Physical Activity
Study: The Lancet Global Health
Finding:
Rising heat may reduce physical activity by 2050
Impact:
Higher effect on India
Health risks due to inactivity
👥 Social Issues
17. Suraksha Sankalp Karyashala
Organized by:
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
NACO
Aim:
Strengthen HIV/AIDS response
Focus areas:
Haryana, Delhi
18. Financial Inclusion for Women
Achievements:
Near-universal bank account access
Challenge:
Ensuring actual financial empowerment
19. Chapchar Kut Festival
Celebrated in: Mizoram (Aizawl)
Significance:
Marks end of jhum cultivation
Spring festival
Features:
Traditional dances, music, cultural events
20. Indiramma Insurance Scheme
Announced in Telangana Budget
Benefits:
Financial protection
Health security
👔 Appointments
21. Director (Commercial), SAIL
Appointed: T.N. Natarajan
Experience:
32+ years in SAIL
22. Director (Personnel), NMDC
Appointed: Krishna Kumar Thakur
Background:
1998 batch IRPS officer
HR experience in Railways & PSUs

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*TODAY SHORT NOTES ON GENERAL SCIENCE(GS)*:Digestive System
The digestive system is responsible for the biochemical transformation of complex and large food particles into simpler forms, making them suitable for absorption and assimilation by the body. This breakdown process is catalyzed by specialized enzymes.

The entire process involves five main steps:

Ingestion: Taking food into the body, primarily through the mouth.
Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules.
Absorption: The passage of digested nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream or lymph.
Assimilation: The utilization of absorbed nutrients by the body's cells for energy, growth, and repair.
Egestion: The elimination of undigested waste materials from the body.
Here's a breakdown of the major organs involved and their functions:

Major Organs of the Digestive System
Mouth:

Function: Ingestion and mechanical chewing of food with the help of teeth. Humans are heterodonts, possessing four types of teeth in a pattern of 2:1:2:3.
Enzyme: Saliva, secreted by salivary glands, contains Ptyalin (salivary amylase), which begins the hydrolysis of starch into maltose.
Oesophagus:

Function: A long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. Food is transported down the oesophagus through wave-like muscular contractions called peristalsis.
Stomach:

Function: A large muscular sac that stores food and performs initial protein digestion.
Secretions: Gastric glands in its wall secrete:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Provides an acidic environment for enzyme activity and kills bacteria.
Pepsin: A protein-digesting enzyme in adults, breaking proteins into proteases and peptones.
Renin: An enzyme found in children, responsible for the coagulation of milk proteins (casein).
Mucin: Protects the stomach lining from the acidic gastric juice.
Small Intestine:

Parts: Divided into three sections: Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
Duodenum: Receives bile juice from the liver (which emulsifies fats and provides an alkaline medium) and pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
Pancreatic Juice Enzymes:
Amylopsin: Digests starch into maltose and glucose.
Trypsin: Digests proteins into proteases, peptones, peptides, and amino acids.
Steapsin (Lipase): Digests fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Ileum: Highly coiled and is the primary site for the absorption of nearly all digested material through finger-like projections called villi. Absorbed food is transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Intestinal Juice Enzymes (from glands lining the ileum):
Erepsin (Peptidase): Digests proteins and peptides into amino acids.
Maltase: Digests maltose into glucose.
Sucrase (Invertase): Digests sucrose into fructose and glucose.
Lactase: Digests lactose into glucose and galactose.
Large Intestine:

Parts: Consists of the Caecum, Colon, and Rectum.
Function: The walls absorb much of the remaining water and mineral salts from the undigested food, preventing water loss from the body.
Rectum: Temporarily stores the semi-solid waste (faeces) before it is passed out of the body through the anus.
Stages in Digestion Summary

10 LINEAR QUESTIONS ON DAMS

1. Which river is associated with the Srisailam Dam, located in Andhra Pradesh/Telangana?
Answer: Krishna River
2. In which state is the Sardar Sarovar Dam, built on the Narmada River, located?
Answer: Gujarat
3. The Bhakra Dam, a major hydroelectric project, is constructed on which river?
Answer: Sutlej River
4. Which dam in Jammu and Kashmir is built on the Jhelum River?
Answer: Uri Dam
5. On which river is the Maithon Dam located in Jharkhand?
Answer: Barakar River
6. The Tungabhadra Dam is a joint venture between which two states?
Answer: Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
7. Which river is associated with the Idukki Dam in Kerala?
Answer: Periyar River
8. The Gandhi Sagar Dam is located in Madhya Pradesh on which river?
Answer: Chambal River
9. Hirakud Dam, one of the longest dams in the world, is situated on which river in Odisha?
Answer: Mahanadi River
10. In which state is the Tehri Dam, one of India's tallest dams, located?
Answer: Uttarakhand

Current Affairs - 23 March 2026 (UPSC)

1. Political / Governance

1.1 UPSC IFoS 2025 Personality Test Schedule Released:
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) officially released the Personality Test Schedule for the Indian Forest Service (IFoS) Examination 2025 on March 23, 2026. Interviews are scheduled to commence from April 6, 2026, and conclude on April 15, 2026.

1.2 EVM-VVPAT Randomization for April 2026 Assembly Elections:
The Election Commission of India has completed the first stage of EVM-VVPAT randomization across Assam, Kerala, and Puducherry. This process is in preparation for the upcoming Assembly elections scheduled for April 2026. Randomization is a two-stage, software-driven process used to allocate voting machines to various constituencies and polling stations to ensure fairness.

1.3 Supreme Court on Mandatory Voting:
The Supreme Court of India recently raised concerns regarding mandatory voting during a poll-related hearing, coinciding with the announcement of the 2026 Assembly election schedule by the Election Commission. The right to vote in India is a statutory right, not a fundamental right.

1.4 National DMF Summit 2026:
The Ministry of Mines organized the National DMF Summit 2026, which is being held on March 23–24, 2026, at the SCOPE Convention Centre in New Delhi. The summit focuses on improving the utilization of District Mineral Foundation (DMF) funds in mining-affected regions, bringing together policymakers, administrators, and experts.

2. Economic / Business

2.1 Credit Guarantee Scheme for Microfinance Institutions-2.0 (CGSMFI-2.0):
The Government of India has launched the CGSMFI-2.0, a specialized credit guarantee framework designed to inject ₹20,000 crore into the microfinance sector. Under this scheme, the government provides a guarantee to Member Lending Institutions (MLIs) against potential losses from microfinance loans, aiming to enhance financial inclusion and support the microfinance sector.

2.2 Outlay for PM-KUSUM Scheme Doubled:
In the 2026–27 Budget, the outlay for the PM-KUSUM scheme has nearly doubled to ₹5,000 crore. This move is accompanied by the government's consideration of a National Agri-photovoltaics Mission, aiming to achieve 10 GW of capacity. This initiative positions Agri-photovoltaics (agriPV) as a primary solution to India's land-use conflict between food security and renewable energy targets.

2.3 RBI's Liquidity Management:
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) infused over ₹25,000 crore of liquidity into the banking system through a 3-day variable rate repo (VRR) auction. This follows a prior infusion of ₹3.50 lakh crore through open market purchase (OMO) of government securities since January 2026, demonstrating RBI's active role in managing banking system liquidity.

2.4 Anti-Dumping Investigations:
The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR), under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has launched anti-dumping investigations into the alleged dumping of ethyl chloroformate from China. Additionally, a separate investigation has been opened into imports of hexamine from China, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates. These duties aim to protect domestic industries from unfair pricing practices by foreign exporters.


3. International Relations

3.1 Iran War Escalation and Diego Garcia Island:
The U.K. condemned a "reckless Iranian ballistic missile attack" targeting the joint U.K.–U.S. military base on Diego Garcia. This incident marks a significant escalation in the 2026 Iran war. Diego Garcia Island is a tropical atoll hosting a critical overseas military base.

3.2 West Asia Crisis and India's Energy Dependence:
The ongoing West Asia crisis has disrupted energy supplies globally, highlighting India's heavy dependence on imported gas. This situation has revived discussions on past pipeline projects such as the Iran–Pakistan–India (IPI) and Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) pipelines, which were designed to transport natural gas to India.

3.3 India's BRICS Presidency in 2026:
India assumed the BRICS Presidency in 2026 under the theme "Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability," placing Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) at the forefront of the bloc's agenda. The expansion into BRICS+ and the 2025 BRICS Rio de Janeiro Declaration emphasize a shift towards deep-tech collaboration, governance, and technology transfer. BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, UAE, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran) now represents about 49.5% of the global population and 40% of global GDP.



4. Science & Technology

4.1 Agri-photovoltaics (agriPV) and National Agri-photovoltaics Mission:
The government is considering a National Agri-photovoltaics Mission to achieve 10 GW of capacity, with a doubled outlay for the PM-KUSUM scheme in the 2026–27 Budget. This initiative aims to integrate solar power generation with agricultural activities, addressing land-use conflicts and promoting sustainable energy.


5. Sports

5.1 ICC Player of the Month February 2026:
Pakistan opener Sahibzada Farhan was announced as the ICC Men’s Player of the Month for February 2026, following his outstanding performance as the highest run-scorer in the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2026. India’s pace bowler Arundhati Reddy was named ICC Women’s Player of the Month for February 2026 for her key role in India’s historic T20I series win against Australia.

5.2 Youngest T20I Centurion:
Rwanda's 15-year-old cricketer Fanny Utagushimaninde made history by becoming the youngest centurion in Women’s T20 International cricket. She scored an unbeaten 111 runs off 65 balls against Ghana in the Nigeria Invitational Tournament.

5.3 Khelo India Tribal Games 2026:
The Khelo India Tribal Games 2026 are set to begin on March 25 in Chhattisgarh, continuing until April 3. The event will be hosted across Raipur, Jagdalpur, and Surguja, bringing together over 6,000 participants, including 2,300 athletes. This initiative promotes tribal sports and culture.

5.4 LeBron James NBA Record:
LeBron James broke the NBA record for most regular season games played, appearing in his 1,612th game for the Los Angeles Lakers against the Orlando Magic on March 22, 2026. This milestone surpasses the previous record of 1,611 games held by Robert Parish since 1997.


6. Environment & Climate

6.1 Chambal River Environmental Flows:
The Ministry of Environment has directed the Central Water Commission (CWC) to ensure environmental flows in the Chambal River. This directive aims to protect the endangered Ganges River Dolphin. The Chambal River is a perennial, rain-fed river in central and northern India, forming a vital part of the greater Gangetic basin.


7. Social Issues

7.1 Abortion Law in India:
The Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgment permitting a woman to terminate her 30-week pregnancy. This ruling, led by Justice B.V. Nagarathna, prioritizes reproductive autonomy over fetal viability and sets a significant precedent by allowing termination beyond the 24-week statutory limit under specific circumstances.

7.2 Sarhul Festival 2026:
The President of India extended greetings on the Sarhul Festival 2026 on March 22. This sacred occasion for Adivasi communities, especially in Jharkhand and nearby regions, marks the beginning of a new agricultural season and reflects a deep bond between humans and nature, devoted to the worship of nature.

8. Defense & Security

8.1 Stealth Frigate 'Taragiri' Commissioning:
The Indian Navy is scheduled to commission the stealth frigate ‘Taragiri (F41)’ on April 3, 2026, at Visakhapatnam. This event marks a major milestone in India’s push towards Aatmanirbhar Bharat and indigenous naval capability under Project 17A. Taragiri is designed with advanced stealth features and combat capabilities.

*🌱Living Organisms & Their Surroundings – Quick Revision Notes on General Science*
1. What is Life?
Basic unit of life: Cell
All organisms are made of cells capable of independent functions.
Known species: ~ 1.7–1.8 million
Scientific naming system:
Based on standardized rules like International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
Requires proper identification.
2. Environment
Definition: Surroundings affecting living organisms.
A. Biotic Components (Living)
Producers
Green plants (photosynthesis)
Consumers
Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores
Decomposers
Bacteria & fungi
Role: Mineralization, natural cleaning
Detritivores
Example: Earthworms
Convert organic matter → humus
B. Abiotic Components (Non-Living)
1. Temperature
Range: Below 0°C to >50°C
Affects distribution & physiology

Types of animals:
Poikilotherms: Cold-blooded (fish, amphibians)
Homotherms: Warm-blooded (birds, mammals)
2. Water (Precipitation)
Plant types:
Xerophytes → Dry (cactus)
Mesophytes → Moderate
Hydrophytes → Aquatic

Aquatic animals:
Stenohaline → Narrow salinity range
Euryhaline → Wide salinity range
3. Sunlight
Essential for photosynthesis
Animal activity:
Nocturnal → Night
Diurnal → Day
Vesperal → Evening
Auroral → Morning

Plants:
Sciophytes → Shade
Heliophytes → Sunlight

Water zones:
Littoral → Light reaches bottom
Limnetic → Open water
4. Soil (Edaphic Factors)
Soil Type Crops
Sandy Poor fertility
Clayey Pots
Loam/Alluvial Wheat, rice
Black soil Cotton
Gravel Tea, coffee
Coastal Coconut, palm
3. Ecology
Study of organism-environment interactions
Term coined by Ernst Haeckel
4. Ecological Hierarchy
Order:
Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biome → Biosphere

Ecosystem coined by Arthur Tansley
5. Population Interactions
Interaction Description Example
Competition Same/different species Plants for sunlight
Predation Predator kills prey Lion–deer
Parasitism Parasite harms host Tapeworm
Commensalism One benefits Shark–sucker fish
Mutualism Both benefit Lichen
6. Adaptations
A. Behavioral
Hibernation → Winter sleep
Aestivation → Summer sleep
Diapause → Suspended development
B. Structural
Camouflage → Blend with environment
Mimicry → Resemble other species
Echolocation → Navigation via sound
7. Population Dynamics
Population Size Depends On:
Birth rate
Death rate
Immigration
Emigration
Age Structure:
Pre-reproductive
Reproductive
Post-reproductive
Population Shapes:
Expanding → Triangle
Stable → Bell
Declining → Urn
Growth Curves:
J-curve → Exponential
S-curve → Sigmoid (carrying capacity)
8. Environmental Issues
1. Anthropogenic Ecosystems
Man-made: aquariums, gardens
2. Biomagnification
Toxic substances increase at higher trophic levels
Examples:
DDT → Eggshell thinning
Mercury → Minamata disease
3. Biodiversity Loss (Evil Quartet)
Habitat loss & fragmentation
Invasive species
Co-extinction
Overexploitation

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✅ Daily Current Affairs (easy to understand)
✅ Mind Maps & Quick Revision सामग्री
✅ Practice Questions & Model Tests

🤖 Special Feature – AI-powered content
→ Simple and easy explanations
→ Exam-focused material
→ Saves your time and boosts your score

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