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📰 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 21 MARCH 2026
🏛 Political / Governance
1. National Dental Commission (NDC)
Government of India constituted the National Dental Commission.
Effective from: 19 March 2026
Replaces: Dental Council of India (DCI)
Objective:
Modernize dental education & regulation
Streamline governance in dental practice
2. PRARAMBH 2026 Campaign
Launched by Government of India
Purpose:
Awareness for implementation of Income Tax Act, 2025
Effective date of Act: 1 April 2026
Key Features:
Digital tools (Website 2.0)
AI chatbot: Kar Saathi
Citizen-centric tax system
3. New Income Tax Rules 2026
Notified under Income Tax Act, 2025
Effective from: 1 April 2026
Key Objectives:
Improve transparency
Strengthen reporting standards
Simplify compliance system
4. Telangana Budget 2026
Presented by: Deputy CM Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka
Key Schemes:
Indiramma Family Life Insurance Scheme
Cashless health scheme
Aim:
Financial security
Healthcare access
💰 Economy / Business
5. Nd-Fe-B Magnet Pilot Plant
Inaugurated at ARCI, Hyderabad
Full form: Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets
Importance:
Used in EVs, wind turbines, electronics
Critical for high-tech manufacturing
6. Airport Infrastructure Development
Expansion of greenfield & upgraded airports
Key Project:
Navi Mumbai International Airport (DB Patil Airport)
Aim:
Reduce congestion at Mumbai airport
7. HDFC Bank Chairman Resignation
Atanu Chakraborty resigned as part-time Chairman
Reason:
Ethical concerns over internal practices
Significance:
Highlights corporate governance issues
8. Liberties Clause in Shipping
Invoked due to West Asia conflict
Also called: Deviation Clause
Effect:
Cargo rerouting
Increased logistics cost
Supply chain disruptions
9. Accounting Education Reform
India hosts 55% of Global Capability Centres (GCCs)
Workforce projection (2030): 46 million
Demand:
Skills in global accounting frameworks (e.g., U.S. GAAP)
10. Women’s Financial Prosperity
Progress via JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile)
Issue:
Shift needed from access → prosperity
Based on:
Women’s Financial Prosperity Index
🌍 International Relations
11. 6th Generation Fighter Programs
India exploring participation in:
GCAP (Global Combat Air Programme)
FCAS (Future Combat Air System)
Aim:
Advanced air combat capability
Strategic global collaboration
12. West Asia Conflict Impact
Involving: U.S., Israel, Iran
Effects:
Shipping disruptions
Increased trade costs
Global supply chain stress
🔬 Science & Technology
13. Nd-Fe-B Magnet Technology
High magnetic strength
Applications:
Electric vehicles
Wind energy
Electronics
Significance:
Reduces import dependency
🛡 Defence & Security
14. India’s 6th Gen Fighter Plan
IAF considering:
GCAP or FCAS
Importance:
Future-ready defence capability
Tech collaboration
🌱 Environment & Climate
15. World Water Day 2026
Observed on: 22 March
Theme focus:
Water & gender equality
Issue:
Women disproportionately affected by water scarcity
16. Climate Change & Physical Activity
Study: The Lancet Global Health
Finding:
Rising heat may reduce physical activity by 2050
Impact:
Higher effect on India
Health risks due to inactivity
👥 Social Issues
17. Suraksha Sankalp Karyashala
Organized by:
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
NACO
Aim:
Strengthen HIV/AIDS response
Focus areas:
Haryana, Delhi
18. Financial Inclusion for Women
Achievements:
Near-universal bank account access
Challenge:
Ensuring actual financial empowerment
19. Chapchar Kut Festival
Celebrated in: Mizoram (Aizawl)
Significance:
Marks end of jhum cultivation
Spring festival
Features:
Traditional dances, music, cultural events
20. Indiramma Insurance Scheme
Announced in Telangana Budget
Benefits:
Financial protection
Health security
👔 Appointments
21. Director (Commercial), SAIL
Appointed: T.N. Natarajan
Experience:
32+ years in SAIL
22. Director (Personnel), NMDC
Appointed: Krishna Kumar Thakur
Background:
1998 batch IRPS officer
HR experience in Railways & PSUs

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*TODAY SHORT NOTES ON GENERAL SCIENCE(GS)*:Digestive System
The digestive system is responsible for the biochemical transformation of complex and large food particles into simpler forms, making them suitable for absorption and assimilation by the body. This breakdown process is catalyzed by specialized enzymes.

The entire process involves five main steps:

Ingestion: Taking food into the body, primarily through the mouth.
Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules.
Absorption: The passage of digested nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream or lymph.
Assimilation: The utilization of absorbed nutrients by the body's cells for energy, growth, and repair.
Egestion: The elimination of undigested waste materials from the body.
Here's a breakdown of the major organs involved and their functions:

Major Organs of the Digestive System
Mouth:

Function: Ingestion and mechanical chewing of food with the help of teeth. Humans are heterodonts, possessing four types of teeth in a pattern of 2:1:2:3.
Enzyme: Saliva, secreted by salivary glands, contains Ptyalin (salivary amylase), which begins the hydrolysis of starch into maltose.
Oesophagus:

Function: A long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. Food is transported down the oesophagus through wave-like muscular contractions called peristalsis.
Stomach:

Function: A large muscular sac that stores food and performs initial protein digestion.
Secretions: Gastric glands in its wall secrete:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Provides an acidic environment for enzyme activity and kills bacteria.
Pepsin: A protein-digesting enzyme in adults, breaking proteins into proteases and peptones.
Renin: An enzyme found in children, responsible for the coagulation of milk proteins (casein).
Mucin: Protects the stomach lining from the acidic gastric juice.
Small Intestine:

Parts: Divided into three sections: Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
Duodenum: Receives bile juice from the liver (which emulsifies fats and provides an alkaline medium) and pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
Pancreatic Juice Enzymes:
Amylopsin: Digests starch into maltose and glucose.
Trypsin: Digests proteins into proteases, peptones, peptides, and amino acids.
Steapsin (Lipase): Digests fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Ileum: Highly coiled and is the primary site for the absorption of nearly all digested material through finger-like projections called villi. Absorbed food is transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Intestinal Juice Enzymes (from glands lining the ileum):
Erepsin (Peptidase): Digests proteins and peptides into amino acids.
Maltase: Digests maltose into glucose.
Sucrase (Invertase): Digests sucrose into fructose and glucose.
Lactase: Digests lactose into glucose and galactose.
Large Intestine:

Parts: Consists of the Caecum, Colon, and Rectum.
Function: The walls absorb much of the remaining water and mineral salts from the undigested food, preventing water loss from the body.
Rectum: Temporarily stores the semi-solid waste (faeces) before it is passed out of the body through the anus.
Stages in Digestion Summary