Types of dead space (briefly):🔴
-Anatomical dead space
Air in the conducting airways (nose, trachea, bronchi) where no gas exchange occurs.
- Alveolar dead space
Alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused → no gas exchange (e.g. pulmonary embolis
-Anatomical dead space
Air in the conducting airways (nose, trachea, bronchi) where no gas exchange occurs.
- Alveolar dead space
Alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused → no gas exchange (e.g. pulmonary embolis
بكره حنواصل أن شاءالله اخر سيشن GIT pathology 🔥
Liver disorders from pathoma
بتلقو كل الريكودات تبع السستم من البدايه مسجله ف قروب الtopics هنا وشاركوها مع زملائكم وبرضو ريكودات سستم الاندوكراين ف الباطنيه مسجل كامل .
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Liver disorders from pathoma
بتلقو كل الريكودات تبع السستم من البدايه مسجله ف قروب الtopics هنا وشاركوها مع زملائكم وبرضو ريكودات سستم الاندوكراين ف الباطنيه مسجل كامل .
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🚨🚨ليه مرضى Liver Cirrhosis ممكن يجيهم Hypoglycemia؟ سؤال باطنيه وباثولوجي سوا مع بعض
Cirrhosis causes progressive destruction of hepatocytes🔴
Reduced glycogen storage due to loss of functional liver tissue.🔴
Impaired gluconeogenesis because damaged hepatocytes cannot synthesize glucose efficiently.🔴
Inability to maintain blood glucose during fasting or stress.
Results in hypoglycemia, especially in advanced liver disease.🔴
Reduced glycogen storage due to loss of functional liver tissue.🔴
Impaired gluconeogenesis because damaged hepatocytes cannot synthesize glucose efficiently.🔴
Inability to maintain blood glucose during fasting or stress.
Results in hypoglycemia, especially in advanced liver disease.🔴
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Let's Divine to discuss jaundice 🔴
Normal Bilirubin Metabolism (Summary)🔴
.Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages.
.Heme is converted to unconjugated bilirubin (UCB).
.UCB is lipid-soluble and transported to the liver bound to albumin.
.In hepatocytes, UGT enzyme conjugates UCB to form conjugated bilirubin (CB).
CB is water-soluble and excreted into bile.
.In the intestine, bacteria convert CB into urobilinogen.
.Most urobilinogen becomes stercobilin (brown color of stool).
A small amount is excreted in urine as urobilin (yellow color).
.Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages.
.Heme is converted to unconjugated bilirubin (UCB).
.UCB is lipid-soluble and transported to the liver bound to albumin.
.In hepatocytes, UGT enzyme conjugates UCB to form conjugated bilirubin (CB).
CB is water-soluble and excreted into bile.
.In the intestine, bacteria convert CB into urobilinogen.
.Most urobilinogen becomes stercobilin (brown color of stool).
A small amount is excreted in urine as urobilin (yellow color).
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Normal Bilirubin Metabolism (Summary)🔴 .Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages. .Heme is converted to unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). .UCB is lipid-soluble and transported to the liver bound to albumin. .In hepatocytes, UGT enzyme conjugates…
باقي تسجيلات الLiver pathology حتكون ف قروب المواضيع عشان ما نزحم القناه
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ليه مريض Chronic liver disease بكون عنده coagulopathy و نزيف بسهوله؟ 🔴
Coagulopathy in chronic liver disease results from reduced clotting factor synthesis, vitamin K deficiency
السلام عليكم وجمعه مباركه ومرحب بكل الطلبه الجدد ، نزلت ليكم pdf كيسات و امسكيوز جامعه النيلين ف قروب الtopics
https://t.me/medstudyboost12.
https://t.me/medstudyboost12.
الليله حاشتغل guidance ف إذا طالب عندو سؤال أو استفسار بخصوص القناه أو الكورسات أو استشاره عن الدراسه او اي مشكله يبعت نقطه على المسج دي وحأدخل ليكم ♥️.
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الفيديو يوضح علامة مهمه من علامات portal hypertention هي شنو ؟؟ وكيف بتحصل ؟
Major sites of portosystemic anastomoses and their consequences
1. Esophagus
Left gastric vein ↔ Azygos vein
➡️ Leads to esophageal varices, which can cause life-threatening bleeding.
2. Around the umbilicus
Para-umbilical veins ↔ Superficial epigastric veins
➡️ Results in caput medusae.
3. Rectum
Superior rectal vein ↔ Middle and inferior rectal veins
➡️ Causes hemorrhoids.
1. Esophagus
Left gastric vein ↔ Azygos vein
➡️ Leads to esophageal varices, which can cause life-threatening bleeding.
2. Around the umbilicus
Para-umbilical veins ↔ Superficial epigastric veins
➡️ Results in caput medusae.
3. Rectum
Superior rectal vein ↔ Middle and inferior rectal veins
➡️ Causes hemorrhoids.
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