Differences in #gut microbial composition correlate with regional #brain volumes in #irritable bowel syndrome
http://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0260-z
Preclinical and clinical evidence supports the concept of bidirectional brain-gut microbiome interactions. We aimed to determine if subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects can be identified based on differences in gut microbial composition, and if there are correlations between gut microbial measures and structural brain signatures in IBS.
Conclusions
The results confirm previous reports of gut microbiome-based IBS subgroups and identify for the first time brain structural alterations associated with these subgroups. They provide preliminary evidence for the involvement of specific microbes and their predicted metabolites in these correlations.
http://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0260-z
Preclinical and clinical evidence supports the concept of bidirectional brain-gut microbiome interactions. We aimed to determine if subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects can be identified based on differences in gut microbial composition, and if there are correlations between gut microbial measures and structural brain signatures in IBS.
Conclusions
The results confirm previous reports of gut microbiome-based IBS subgroups and identify for the first time brain structural alterations associated with these subgroups. They provide preliminary evidence for the involvement of specific microbes and their predicted metabolites in these correlations.
BioMed Central
Differences in gut microbial composition correlate with regional brain volumes in irritable bowel syndrome - Microbiome
Background Preclinical and clinical evidence supports the concept of bidirectional brain-gut microbiome interactions. We aimed to determine if subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects can be identified based on differences in gut microbial composition…
#Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary #fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6380/1151
The gut microbiota benefits humans via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from carbohydrate fermentation, and deficiency in SCFA production is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a randomized clinical study of specifically designed isoenergetic diets, together with fecal shotgun metagenomics, to show that a select group of SCFA-producing strains was promoted by dietary fibers and that most other potential producers were either diminished or unchanged in patients with T2DM. When the fiber-promoted SCFA producers were present in greater diversity and abundance, participants had better improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels, partly via increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production. Promotion of these positive responders diminished producers of metabolically detrimental compounds such as indole and hydrogen sulfide. Targeted restoration of these SCFA producers may present a novel ecological approach for managing T2DM.
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6380/1151
The gut microbiota benefits humans via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from carbohydrate fermentation, and deficiency in SCFA production is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a randomized clinical study of specifically designed isoenergetic diets, together with fecal shotgun metagenomics, to show that a select group of SCFA-producing strains was promoted by dietary fibers and that most other potential producers were either diminished or unchanged in patients with T2DM. When the fiber-promoted SCFA producers were present in greater diversity and abundance, participants had better improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels, partly via increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production. Promotion of these positive responders diminished producers of metabolically detrimental compounds such as indole and hydrogen sulfide. Targeted restoration of these SCFA producers may present a novel ecological approach for managing T2DM.
!!
#Gut Microbiome Composition in Non-human Primates Consuming a Western or Mediterranean #Diet
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2018.00028/full
Microbiome diversity in MD consumers was significantly higher by the Shannon diversity index compared to the WD consumers, with similar but non-significant trends noted for the diversity metrics of species richness (Chao 1), observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) whole Tree. Compared to the MD, the WD group demonstrated a higher Firmicutes-Bacteroides ratio and a significantly higher abundance of families Clostridiacea and Lactobacillaceae. Further analyses reveal significantly higher abundance of genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira and lower abundance of Ruminococcus and Coprococcus in MD consumers relative to WD consumers. OTUs belonging to several species also show significant differences between the two groups, with Lactobacillus species demonstrating a prominently higher abundance in the MD consumers. The data reveal several differences in the gut microbiome of primates consuming the two different diets and should be useful for further studies aimed at understanding the diet-microbiome-health interactions in primates
#Gut Microbiome Composition in Non-human Primates Consuming a Western or Mediterranean #Diet
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2018.00028/full
Microbiome diversity in MD consumers was significantly higher by the Shannon diversity index compared to the WD consumers, with similar but non-significant trends noted for the diversity metrics of species richness (Chao 1), observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) whole Tree. Compared to the MD, the WD group demonstrated a higher Firmicutes-Bacteroides ratio and a significantly higher abundance of families Clostridiacea and Lactobacillaceae. Further analyses reveal significantly higher abundance of genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira and lower abundance of Ruminococcus and Coprococcus in MD consumers relative to WD consumers. OTUs belonging to several species also show significant differences between the two groups, with Lactobacillus species demonstrating a prominently higher abundance in the MD consumers. The data reveal several differences in the gut microbiome of primates consuming the two different diets and should be useful for further studies aimed at understanding the diet-microbiome-health interactions in primates
!!
Personalized #Gut Mucosal Colonization Resistance to Empiric #Probiotics Is Associated with Unique Host and Microbiome Features
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31102-4
Empiric probiotics are commonly consumed by healthy individuals as means of life quality improvement and disease prevention. However, evidence of probiotic gut mucosal colonization efficacy remains sparse and controversial. We metagenomically characterized the murine and human mucosal-associated gastrointestinal microbiome and found it to only partially correlate with stool microbiome.
A sequential invasive multi-omics measurement at baseline and during consumption of an 11-strain probiotic combination or placebo demonstrated that probiotics remain viable upon gastrointestinal passage. In colonized, but not germ-free mice, probiotics encountered a marked mucosal colonization resistance.
In contrast, humans featured person-, region- and strain-specific mucosal colonization patterns, hallmarked by predictive baseline host and microbiome features, but indistinguishable by probiotics presence in stool.
Consequently, probiotics induced a transient, individualized impact on mucosal community structure and gut transcriptome. Collectively, empiric probiotics supplementation may be limited in universally and persistently impacting the gut mucosa, meriting development of new personalized probiotic approaches.
Personalized #Gut Mucosal Colonization Resistance to Empiric #Probiotics Is Associated with Unique Host and Microbiome Features
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31102-4
Empiric probiotics are commonly consumed by healthy individuals as means of life quality improvement and disease prevention. However, evidence of probiotic gut mucosal colonization efficacy remains sparse and controversial. We metagenomically characterized the murine and human mucosal-associated gastrointestinal microbiome and found it to only partially correlate with stool microbiome.
A sequential invasive multi-omics measurement at baseline and during consumption of an 11-strain probiotic combination or placebo demonstrated that probiotics remain viable upon gastrointestinal passage. In colonized, but not germ-free mice, probiotics encountered a marked mucosal colonization resistance.
In contrast, humans featured person-, region- and strain-specific mucosal colonization patterns, hallmarked by predictive baseline host and microbiome features, but indistinguishable by probiotics presence in stool.
Consequently, probiotics induced a transient, individualized impact on mucosal community structure and gut transcriptome. Collectively, empiric probiotics supplementation may be limited in universally and persistently impacting the gut mucosa, meriting development of new personalized probiotic approaches.
!!
Enhancement of the #gut barrier integrity by a microbial metabolite through the Nrf2 pathway
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07859-7
The importance of gut #microbiota in human health and pathophysiology is undisputable. Despite the abundance of metagenomics data, the functional dynamics of gut microbiota in human health and disease remain elusive. Urolithin A (UroA), a major microbial metabolite derived from polyphenolics of berries and pomegranate fruits displays anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-ageing activities. Here, we show that UroA and its potent synthetic analogue (UAS03) significantly enhance gut barrier function and inhibit unwarranted inflammation.
Cumulatively, the results highlight how microbial metabolites provide two-pronged beneficial activities at gut epithelium by enhancing barrier functions and reducing inflammation to protect from colonic diseases.
Enhancement of the #gut barrier integrity by a microbial metabolite through the Nrf2 pathway
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07859-7
The importance of gut #microbiota in human health and pathophysiology is undisputable. Despite the abundance of metagenomics data, the functional dynamics of gut microbiota in human health and disease remain elusive. Urolithin A (UroA), a major microbial metabolite derived from polyphenolics of berries and pomegranate fruits displays anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-ageing activities. Here, we show that UroA and its potent synthetic analogue (UAS03) significantly enhance gut barrier function and inhibit unwarranted inflammation.
Cumulatively, the results highlight how microbial metabolites provide two-pronged beneficial activities at gut epithelium by enhancing barrier functions and reducing inflammation to protect from colonic diseases.
!!
The neuroactive potential of the human #gut #microbiota in quality of life and depression
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-018-0337-x
The relationship between gut microbial metabolism and mental health is one of the most intriguing and controversial topics in microbiome research. Bidirectional microbiota–gut–brain communication has mostly been explored in animal models, with human research lagging behind.
Butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus bacteria were consistently associated with higher quality of life indicators. Together with Dialister, Coprococcus spp. were also depleted in depression, even after correcting for the confounding effects of antidepressants.
Using a module-based analytical framework, we assembled a catalogue of neuroactive potential of sequenced gut prokaryotes. Gut–brain module analysis of faecal metagenomes identified the microbial synthesis potential of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as correlating positively with mental quality of life and indicated a potential role of microbial γ-aminobutyric acid production in depression.
Our results provide population-scale evidence for microbiome links to mental health, while emphasizing confounder importance.
The neuroactive potential of the human #gut #microbiota in quality of life and depression
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-018-0337-x
The relationship between gut microbial metabolism and mental health is one of the most intriguing and controversial topics in microbiome research. Bidirectional microbiota–gut–brain communication has mostly been explored in animal models, with human research lagging behind.
Butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus bacteria were consistently associated with higher quality of life indicators. Together with Dialister, Coprococcus spp. were also depleted in depression, even after correcting for the confounding effects of antidepressants.
Using a module-based analytical framework, we assembled a catalogue of neuroactive potential of sequenced gut prokaryotes. Gut–brain module analysis of faecal metagenomes identified the microbial synthesis potential of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as correlating positively with mental quality of life and indicated a potential role of microbial γ-aminobutyric acid production in depression.
Our results provide population-scale evidence for microbiome links to mental health, while emphasizing confounder importance.
Nature
The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression
Nature Microbiology - Correlation of microbiome features with host quality of life and depression identified specific taxa and microbial pathways in two independent, large population cohorts,...
!!
#Mind and #gut: Associations between mood and gastrointestinal distress in children exposed to adversity
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/mind-and-gut-associations-between-mood-and-gastrointestinal-distress-in-children-exposed-to-adversity/D29E390A71A1E74CAD6955177CDFAE44
Interactions between the brain and bacteria that live within the gastrointestinal system (the microbiome) underlie adversity–gastrointestinal–anxiety interactions, but these links have not been investigated during human development.
.. In Study 1, we demonstrated that previous adverse care experiences were associated with increased incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in youth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated with concurrent and future anxiety (measured across 5 years), and those gastrointestinal symptoms mediated the adversity–anxiety association at Time 1.
In a subsample of children who provided both stool samples and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (Study 2, which was a “proof-of-principle”), adversity was associated with changes in diversity (both alpha and beta) of microbial communities, and bacteria levels (adversity-associated and adversity-independent) were correlated with prefrontal cortex activation to emotional faces. Implications of these data for supporting youth mental health are discussed.
#Mind and #gut: Associations between mood and gastrointestinal distress in children exposed to adversity
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/mind-and-gut-associations-between-mood-and-gastrointestinal-distress-in-children-exposed-to-adversity/D29E390A71A1E74CAD6955177CDFAE44
Interactions between the brain and bacteria that live within the gastrointestinal system (the microbiome) underlie adversity–gastrointestinal–anxiety interactions, but these links have not been investigated during human development.
.. In Study 1, we demonstrated that previous adverse care experiences were associated with increased incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in youth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated with concurrent and future anxiety (measured across 5 years), and those gastrointestinal symptoms mediated the adversity–anxiety association at Time 1.
In a subsample of children who provided both stool samples and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (Study 2, which was a “proof-of-principle”), adversity was associated with changes in diversity (both alpha and beta) of microbial communities, and bacteria levels (adversity-associated and adversity-independent) were correlated with prefrontal cortex activation to emotional faces. Implications of these data for supporting youth mental health are discussed.
Cambridge Core
Mind and gut: Associations between mood and gastrointestinal distress in children exposed to adversity | Development and Psychopathology…
Mind and gut: Associations between mood and gastrointestinal distress in children exposed to adversity - Volume 32 Issue 1
!!
High‐ #fat diet intake modulates maternal intestinal adaptations to pregnancy, and results in placental hypoxia and altered fetal #gut barrier proteins and immune markers
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/JP277353
Key Points Summary
Maternal obesity has been associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota which may contribute to impaired barrier function
Impaired barrier function may expose the placenta and fetus to pro‐inflammatory mediators
We investigated the impacts of diet‐induced obesity in mice on maternal and fetal intestinal structure and placental vascularization
Diet‐induced obesity decreased maternal intestinal short chain fatty acids, their receptors, impaired gut barrier integrity and was associated with fetal intestinal inflammation.
Placenta from obese mothers showed blood vessel immaturity, hypoxia, increased transcript levels of inflammation, autophagy and ER stress markers.
These data suggest that maternal intestinal changes likely contribute to adverse placental adaptations and, via alterations in fetal gut development, impart increased risk of obesity in the offspring
High‐ #fat diet intake modulates maternal intestinal adaptations to pregnancy, and results in placental hypoxia and altered fetal #gut barrier proteins and immune markers
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/JP277353
Key Points Summary
Maternal obesity has been associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota which may contribute to impaired barrier function
Impaired barrier function may expose the placenta and fetus to pro‐inflammatory mediators
We investigated the impacts of diet‐induced obesity in mice on maternal and fetal intestinal structure and placental vascularization
Diet‐induced obesity decreased maternal intestinal short chain fatty acids, their receptors, impaired gut barrier integrity and was associated with fetal intestinal inflammation.
Placenta from obese mothers showed blood vessel immaturity, hypoxia, increased transcript levels of inflammation, autophagy and ER stress markers.
These data suggest that maternal intestinal changes likely contribute to adverse placental adaptations and, via alterations in fetal gut development, impart increased risk of obesity in the offspring
Depicting #SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with #gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19
https://2medical.news/2020/09/18/depicting-sars-cov-2-faecal-viral-activity-in-association-with-gut-microbiota-composition-in-patients-with-covid-19/
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in faeces of patients with COVID-19, the activity and infectivity of the virus in the GI tract during disease course is largely unknown. We investigated temporal transcriptional activity of SARS-CoV-2 and its association with longitudinal faecal microbiome alterations in patients with COVID-19.. Seven (46.7%) of 15 patients with COVID-19 had stool positivity for SARS-CoV-2 …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/18/depicting-sars-cov-2-faecal-viral-activity-in-association-with-gut-microbiota-composition-in-patients-with-covid-19/
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in faeces of patients with COVID-19, the activity and infectivity of the virus in the GI tract during disease course is largely unknown. We investigated temporal transcriptional activity of SARS-CoV-2 and its association with longitudinal faecal microbiome alterations in patients with COVID-19.. Seven (46.7%) of 15 patients with COVID-19 had stool positivity for SARS-CoV-2 …
A neurotransmitter produced by #gut bacteria modulates host sensory #behaviour
https://2medical.news/2021/01/30/a-neurotransmitter-produced-by-gut-bacteria-modulates-host-sensory-behaviour/
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota–brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia …
https://2medical.news/2021/01/30/a-neurotransmitter-produced-by-gut-bacteria-modulates-host-sensory-behaviour/
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota–brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia …
Artificial #Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model #Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis
https://2medical.news/2021/06/25/artificial-sweeteners-negatively-regulate-pathogenic-characteristics-of-two-model-gut-bacteria-e-coli-and-e-faecalis/
https://2medical.news/2021/06/25/artificial-sweeteners-negatively-regulate-pathogenic-characteristics-of-two-model-gut-bacteria-e-coli-and-e-faecalis/
2Medical.News
Artificial #Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model #Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis
Artificial sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that are commonly consumed in the diet. Recent studies have indicated considerable health risks which links the consumption of AS with met…
#Gut microbes impact #stroke severity via the trimethylamine N-oxide pathway
https://2medical.news/2021/07/04/gut-microbes-impact-stroke-severity-via-the-trimethylamine-n-oxide-pathway/
https://2medical.news/2021/07/04/gut-microbes-impact-stroke-severity-via-the-trimethylamine-n-oxide-pathway/
2Medical.News
#Gut microbes impact #stroke severity via the trimethylamine N-oxide pathway
Clinical studies have demonstrated associations between circulating levels of the gut-microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and stroke incident risk. However, a causal role of…
#Gut-microbiota-targeted #diets modulate human immune status
https://2medical.news/2021/07/26/gut-microbiota-targeted-diets-modulate-human-immune-status/
https://2medical.news/2021/07/26/gut-microbiota-targeted-diets-modulate-human-immune-status/
2Medical.News
#Gut-microbiota-targeted #diets modulate human immune status
Diet intervention with systems profiling reveals links in diet-microbiome-immune axis•High-fiber diet changes microbiome function and elicits personalized immune responses•Fermented-food diet incre…
Baseline #Gut Metagenomic Functional Gene Signature Associated with Variable #Weight Loss Responses following a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention in Humans
https://2medical.news/2021/09/23/baseline-gut-metagenomic-functional-gene-signature-associated-with-variable-weight-loss-responses-following-a-healthy-lifestyle-intervention-in-humans/
https://2medical.news/2021/09/23/baseline-gut-metagenomic-functional-gene-signature-associated-with-variable-weight-loss-responses-following-a-healthy-lifestyle-intervention-in-humans/
2Medical.News
Baseline #Gut Metagenomic Functional Gene Signature Associated with Variable #Weight Loss Responses following a Healthy Lifestyle…
Recent human feeding studies have shown how the baseline taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome can determine responses to weight loss interventions. However, the functional determinants under…
Effect of #gut #microbiome modulation on #muscle function and #cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial
https://2medical.news/2024/03/12/effect-of-gut-microbiome-modulation-on-muscle-function-and-cognition-the-promote-randomised-controlled-trial/
https://2medical.news/2024/03/12/effect-of-gut-microbiome-modulation-on-muscle-function-and-cognition-the-promote-randomised-controlled-trial/
2Medical.News
Effect of #gut #microbiome modulation on #muscle function and #cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial
Studies suggest that inducing gut microbiota changes may alter both muscle physiology and cognitive behaviour. Gut microbiota may play a role in both anabolic resistance of older muscle, and cognit…