!!
Intestinal #dysbiosis compromises alveolar macrophage immunity to Mycobacterium #tuberculosis

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41385-019-0147-3

Current treatments for tuberculosis (TB) are effective in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth, yet have significant side effects and do not prevent reinfection. Therefore, it is critical to understand why our host defense system is unable to generate permanent immunity to Mtb despite prolonged anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT).

Here, we demonstrate that treatment of mice with the most widely used anti-TB drugs, rifampicin (RIF) or isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PYZ), significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota. Unexpectedly, treatment of mice with the pro-Mtb drugs INH and PYZ, but not RIF, prior to Mtb infection resulted in an increased bacterial burden, an effect that was reversible by fecal transplantation from untreated animals.

Collectively, these data indicate that dysbiosis induced by ATT administered to millions of individuals worldwide may have adverse effects on the anti-Mtb response of alveolar macrophages.

#Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation
https://2medical.news/2020/03/14/dysbiosis-induced-secondary-bile-acid-deficiency-promotes-intestinal-inflammation/

Secondary bile acids (SBAs) are derived from primary bile acids (PBAs) in a process reliant on biosynthetic capabilities possessed by few microbes. To evaluate the role of BAs in intestinal inflammation, we performed metabolomic, microbiome, metagenomic, and transcriptomic profiling of stool from ileal pouches (surgically created resevoirs) in colectomy-treated patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) versus controls (familial adenomatous polyposis [FAP]). We show that relative to …

High-Fat Diet and Antibiotics Cooperatively Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics to Trigger #Dysbiosis that Exacerbates Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease
https://2medical.news/2020/07/21/high-fat-diet-and-antibiotics-cooperatively-impair-mitochondrial-bioenergetics-to-trigger-dysbiosis-that-exacerbates-pre-inflammatory-bowel-disease/

The clinical spectra of irritable bowel syndrome (#IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (#IBD) intersect to form a scantily defined overlap syndrome, termed pre-IBD. We show that increased Enterobacteriaceae and reduced Clostridia abundance distinguish the fecal microbiota of pre-IBD patients from IBS patients. A history of antibiotics in individuals consuming a high-fat diet was associated with the greatest risk for pre-IBD. Exposing mice to these risk …

#Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome impairs mouse skeletal #muscle adaptation to exercise

https://2medical.news/2021/10/02/dysbiosis-of-the-gut-microbiome-impairs-mouse-skeletal-muscle-adaptation-to-exercise/