■ دي أسباب palmar erythema مجموعة في كلمة PALM لازم تكون عارفها اكويس

■ causes of spider naevi :

● familial

● liver disease as Alcohol , liver cirrhosis , viral hepatitis

● pregnancy

● estrogen containing oral contraceptive pills

● thyrotoxicosis , RA 

● Loading Notes on hernia 🧨🧨🧨

■ Notes on Hernia :-

● the 1st most common hernia is ingunial hernia

● 2nd most common hernia  is incisional hernia

● the 3rd most common hernia is femoral hernia

● the most common hernia to strangulate is femoral hernia

● the most common content of hernia en glissade is sigmoid colon


●  umbilical hernia is more common in multiparous women

● UB is most common organ to silde

● femoral hernia is more common in yound adult women

● irreducibilty is common in umbilical hernia

● the most common complicated hernia is femoral hernia

● incisional hernia is most likely to recure after 1ry repair

● inferior epigastric is medial to DIH

● hernioplasty is ttt of choice in case of inguinal hernia

● the most common hernia in female is inguinal hernia

● the ttt of choice in strangulated hernia is urgent expolration

● the most common site for Richter's hernia is femoral canal


● laparoscopic repair is the preferred method in case of recurrent ingunial hernia

● Richter's hernia is incarceration of part of the circumference of bowel

● injury in ilioingunial nr lead to DIH

● 1ry  ttt modality of choice for desmoid tumor is surgery

■Notes on ttt of hernia :

● Shouldice repair is low recurrence in case of OIH

● correct the predisposing factors 1st before surgery in case of OIH

● bassini repair is the most popular techinque in OIH

● hernioplasty is the operation of choice in DIH

● bloodgood repair is preferred than bassini repair in DIH

● Mayo's repair has high recurrence in adult umbilical hernia

● herniorrhaphy is ttt of choice in spigelain hernia

● hernioplasty is the only accepted method in case of incisional hernia

● surgery is ttt of choice in case of recurrent hernia ( hernioplasty )

● يا شباب بالنسبة للسؤال the most common content of sliding hernia is sigmoid colon

● UB is uncommon content but it is the most common organ to slide
في فرق بينهم

■ دي تأكيد من كتاب وهدان بعد التأكد منها

🗯 أهم الأسئلة اللي اتكررت السنين اللي فاتت ENT :-

▪︎Pathology , C/P , management of lateral sinus thrombophlebitis

  ▪︎Describe CSF rhinorrhea

▪︎Complications of tracheostomy

▪︎Pathology, C/P , management of Acute mastoiditis

▪︎Describe cavernous sinus thrombosis

▪︎Orbital complications of sinusitis

▪︎Types, causes of stridor

▪︎Enumerate causes of epistaxis

▪︎indication of tracheostomy