■ Notes on Liver function tests :

https://t.me/med_Notes2/534

■ MCQ on Liver function tests:

https://t.me/med_Notes2/517

■ أهم أسئلة الباطنة في مديول GIT :-

● Enumerate the precipitating factors of HE

●investigation & symptoms of HE

● Enumerate common causes of gastritis

💭🗯 common causes of gastritis :

■ Acute gastritis :

♤ Drug : Aspirin , Alcohol, NSAIDs , iron preparations

♤ severe physiological stress : burn , CNS trauma , multi-oragn faliure

♤ surgery : following gastric surgery

♤ infection : CMV , HSV , H.pylori

■ chronic non specific gastritis : ( A B )
♤ A : Auto-immune ( perinicious anemia )
♤ B : post gastrectomy , H pyrlori infection

■ chronic specific gastritis : ( D)
● Diseases :
♤ idiopathic: granulomatous gastritis

♤Systemic disease : Sarcoidosis , graft verus host disease

♤ GIT disease : CD
♤ infection : TB , CMV

مساء الخير يا شباب دلوقتي هنزل ليكم أهم notes على درس neonatal cholestasis

■ Notes on neonatal cholestasis :-

● cholestasis in infancy is defined as

♤ a direct/ Conjugated bilirubin > 1mg if total is < 5mg /dl
♤ a direct / conjugated bilirubin >20% of the total , if total s.bilirubin was > 5 mg/dl

● The most common metabolic syndrome is alpha 1 antitrpsin deficiency

● the most common treatable causes of cholestasis is BA

● BA is the most common single cause of chronic cholestasis in infants & children

● BA is presented with deep yellow urine , pale colored stool  & hepatomegly

● intra-operative cholangiography is goldstandard for diagnosis of BA

● kasai operation ( KPE) is the best choice of surgery for ttt of BA should be performed before 60 days  


● Dubin johnson s & rotor s are congenital diseases with direct hyperbilirubinemia with normal liver functions

● AGS is diagnosed by 3 of 5 major criteria are required 

● Direct bilirubin can pass urine  , while indirect urine does not pass

● Bacterial sepsis should be considered in a sick cholestatic baby with elevated total & direct serum bilirubin & slight or modest elevation of transaminases

● ALP & GGT are elevated in biliary tract obstruction

● TTT of glactosemia is elemental formula AA based )

● should restrict proteins with patients with LCF

■ مساء الخير يا شباب ، توضيح بالنسبة للسؤال الأول بتاع symptoms of wilson disease انه cu يزيد بيروح يترسب من ضمن الأماكن Parathyroid فيعمل hypofunction ليها فبالتالي انخفض نسبة PTH فبالتالي يقل Ca فيعمل hypocalcemia

♤ السؤال الثاني ال hyperthyroidism يعني free T3 & T4 عاليين و من ضمن الحاجات ال بتزود intestinal motility فالعيان يدخل ف diarrhea مش constipation .

■ MCQ on neonatal cholestasis