" Clinical Notes "
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" صدقةٌ جاريةٌ عن أرواحِ شهداء غزة ."🇵🇸

ادعوا لهم بالرحمة و المغفرة .
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" في هذه الأيام  المباركة وفي يوم عرفة  حيث يتباها الله بعبادة...وخير الأعمال فيه الدعاء... لا تنسوا الدعاء لغزة وفلسطين والمجاهدين  المرابطين في سبيل الله المدافعين عن الأرض والعرض وثالث الحرمين " .
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🗯 Notes on megaloblastic anemia :-

● Anemia is due to deficiency Vit B12 & folic acid
●  Neurological manifestations only in Vit B12 deficiency

● there are anemia & pancytopenia

● Vit B12 defieciency affect on 3P
( posterior column & pyramidal tract & PN )

● Pernicious anemia ( PA ) :

♡ Autoimmue disease which lead to decrease IF & Vit B12

♡ serology :  ( Antiparieral cell Ab , Anti IF Ab)

♡affect Male more than female > 50 years

● CBC :
* features of macrocytic  anemia

● leucopenia ; with shift to the right

● Reticulocyte count is increased ( anemia under ttt )
● Serum homocysteine increase with both

●  Schilling test :
* only with vit B 12 deficiency
* before performing the test , KFT should be completely normal

● in folic acid deficiency make sure this is not Vit B 12 deficiency

● Vit B12 deficiency should be excluded before given folic acid since it may aggrevate the neurological manifestations

 
جدول مهم
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🗯 Notes on ACD & sideroblastic anemia :-

■ ACD :

● it is the 2nd most common of anemia

● buz of impaired release of iron

● serum ferritin is high as part of APR

● I repeated
مش كل chronic disease بيعمل anemia of chronic disease دي قاعدة لازم تحطها دايما
الحقيقة  LCF ع الرغم انه chronic disease لكن ميعملش ACD طبعا ليها مواصفات معينة :
chronic inflammation , chronic infection , malignancy

■ sideroblastic anemia :-

● inability to use iron in formation of Hb
● ringed siedroblasts is the hallmark of sideroblastic anemia

● in 10 % tansform to AML
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🗯 Aplastic anemia :

●  خلي بالك بتعمل Normocytic normochromic anemia 

● ممكن يحصل mild macrocytosis و دا في حالتين : stress erythropoiesis & elevated fetal hemoglobin

♤ سبب mild macrocytosis ؟

◇   as RBCs مثلاً لما تبدأ  synthesized بتكون big cell و لما تصل لل mature RBCs تصغر حجمها ، عشان كده لو حصل مشكلة ف BM ف كل steps اللي بتخلي pre-erythrocyte تتوقف أنها تتحول ل mature RBCs و عشان كده الخلية preginator cell is big cell , which give u high MCV
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🗯 Notes on leukemia :-

■ CLL :-

● it is the most common form of leukemia in adults esp. in old age

● lymphoadenopathy : is the most important manifestations

● it starts with lymphocytosis with LN enlargement then hepatosplenomegaly then anemia then thrombocytopenia

● CBC :
♤ Absolute lymphocytosis must  persist  for longer than 3 months

♧ RBCs : N N anemia & hemolytic anemia

●  Peripheral blood flow cytomerty is the most valuable to confirm a diagnosis

● development of aggreseive large cell lymphoma during the course of CLL ( Richter syndrome )

■ HCL :-

● it affects 2% of all lymphoid leukemia

● it presents with fever & sore throat & Pancytopenia & splenomegaly

● BM biopsy with Aspiration :
♤ hairy cells ( WBCs like cytoplasmic projection )

♤ Increase reticulin in BM biopsy sample

♤ Dry tap is frequent ( myelofibrosis )
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■ Notes on Hematology :-

● Compare between Microcytic anemia :
https://t.me/med_Notes2/386

● IDA :
https://t.me/med_Notes2/377
https://t.me/med_Notes2/380

● ACD & sideroblastic anemia :
https://t.me/med_Notes2/388

● Leukemia :
https://t.me/med_Notes2/394

● megaloblastic anemia :
https://t.me/med_Notes2/383
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" Clinical Notes " pinned «■ Notes on Hematology :- ● Compare between Microcytic anemia : https://t.me/med_Notes2/386 ● IDA : https://t.me/med_Notes2/377 https://t.me/med_Notes2/380 ● ACD & sideroblastic anemia : https://t.me/med_Notes2/388 ● Leukemia : https://t.me/med_Notes2/394…»
مساء الخير يا شباب
في أكثر من حد بيسألني مديول Medical emergency نسمع لمين الصراحة المديول ده مش محتاج تسمعه لحد لأنه عبارة عن حالات ال emergency ممكن تقرأ في كل موضوع فيه من تفريغات زي تفريغات دكتور الشافعي عشان تتذكر بس التفاصيل و بس .
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🗯 Proper evaluation for a patient with Epilepsy :-

■ دكتور شريف الهواري قال في  9 famous questions
لازم تسألهم لأي عيان حصل  معه seizure :-

1-  Was any warning noted before the seizure ?
يعني عنده aura و لا لأ و تسأل نوعها ايه ؟ لأنه العيان لما يبقى عنده aura يبقى يعرف attack هتحصل ليه

2- What did the patient during the seizure ?

شكلها ايه

3-  Does the patient have recollection of seizure ?
العيان فاكرها و لا لأ ؟ و لا عنده amnesia

4- How the patient feel after the seizure ?
هل حصله confusion بعدها و لا paralysis  ؟

5- How long the seizure last ?
يعني قعدت مثلا ثواني لدقائق و ابقى افكر ف Grand mal seizure و لا قعدت أكثر من نص ساعة تكون status epilepticus

6- How the frequent the seizure occured ?
كل ساعة كل يوم و لا كل شهر و لا كل سنة لأنه دورك تباعد ما بين attack و بعضها و تقلل ال frequency لحد ما يحصل شفاء تام

7-  Is anything known to precipitate the seizure ?
لازم تقول ال triggers و تخليه يبعد عنها

8- Has the Pateint shown any response to the therapy ?
استجاب للدواء و لا لأ لأنه لو مستجابش يبقى لازم تضيف ليه دواء تاني

9- One does the last seizure ?
امتى توقف الدواء ؟
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جدول مهم ما بين hemoptysis & hematemesis
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When the etiology of hemoptysis is obscure, which of the following steps is  most appropriate to distinguish hemoptysis from hematemesis or from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal bleeding?
Anonymous Quiz
46%
Bronchoscopy
1%
Empiric ttt for bronchitis
41%
Esophagogastric endoscpoy
12%
CT scan
A patient of hemoptysis presents with normal Chest x-ray . Suggest the next step investigation to help diagnosis ?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Sputum cytology
2%
Thoracoscopy
61%
Bronchoscopy
18%
HRCT thorax
The most common cause of hemoptysis is ?
Anonymous Quiz
61%
Acute bronchitis
25%
Pulmonary TB
8%
Pneumonia
6%
Lung cancer