Calculating Cooling Load Diversity

Diversity factors are an engineer’s judgement applied to various people, lighting, equipment, and total loads to consider actual usage.

https://hvac-eng.com/cooling-load-factors/

Hydronic System Valve Characteristics

Why do we need to be aware of the valve characteristics?
Every component in a hydronic system has some level of influence on the control and performance of a hydronic system. Valves are key because they are the controlling devices at the critical areas of heat transfer.

https://hvac-eng.com/valve-characteristics/

COVID-19 Airborne Transmission Prevention

It is likely, but not yet shown, that COVID19 could be spread through the air.
Air cleaning can help mitigate disease transmission.
Options for air cleaning include:
HVAC systems
In-Room devices
Technologies that can be effective include:
Mechanical Air Filters
Electronic Air Filters/Air Cleaners
UV-C Systems
Other Emerging Technologies

https://hvac-eng.com/hvac-coronavirus-confrontation/

Constant Volume Cooling Systems

Constant volume cooling is a simple system often used to provide tempered fresh air in multi-zone buildings containing partially centralised air/water systems (such as a fan coil installation).

https://hvac-eng.com/constant-volume-systems/

Valve Flow Capacity Calculation

Cv, or coefficient of velocity, is a measure of the flow capacity of a valve. It represents the number of gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 60°F that will flow through a valve with a one-inch opening at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch (PSI). Cv can be calculated using various formulas, such as the one based on water at 60F and one that takes into account the specific gravity of the fluid. Cv is a theoretical value and it may vary depending on the actual conditions of the valve. When selecting a valve for a specific application, it is important to consider the Cv in relation to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the system, as well as other factors such as ease of maintenance, cost, and safety.

https://hvac-eng.com/the-coefficient-of-velocity-cv/

ASHRAE Weather Design Data

Discover ASHRAE Handbook weather stations with our comprehensive search tool. Optimize HVAC and equipment design, sizing, distribution, and installation for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Enhance your energy-related projects across various sectors, including agriculture, by leveraging accurate climatic data.

https://hvac-eng.com/weather-design-conditions-for-selected-locations/

Primary Secondary Pumping Rules

- What is Primary-Secondary Pumping?
- PRIMARY-SECONDARY BASICS.
- PRIMARY-SECONDARY RULES, DEFINITIONS.
WHEN TWO PIPING CIRCUITS ARE INTER-CONNECTED, FLOW IN ONE WILL CAUSE FLOW IN THE OTHER, T0 A DEGREE DEPENDING UPON THE PRESSURE DROP IN THE PIPING COMMON T0 BOTH.

https://hvac-eng.com/primary-secondary-pumping/

Psychrometry in HVAC Systems

Knowing the principles of Psychrometry which is the study of the properties of mixtures of air and water vapour. Atmospheric air is a mixture of many gases plus water vapour.

https://hvac-eng.com/psychrometry/

Commercial Blast Chiller Benefits

Blast chillers are commercial-grade appliances that rapidly reduce the temperature of food. They are used to chill food from the "danger zone" (between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit) to below 38 degrees Fahrenheit within 90 minutes. This is the temperature at which bacteria growth is slowed significantly.
Blast chilling offers a number of benefits, including improved food quality, increased food safety, reduced food waste, and increased productivity. Blast chillers can be used to chill a wide variety of foods, including meats, poultry, seafood, fruits, vegetables, and prepared foods.

https://hvac-eng.com/blast-chiller-everything-you-need-to-know/

Expansion Valve Selection Criteria

The expansion valve regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a gas in the evaporator.
In order to properly select Expansion Valves one should pay attention to the items that we mention in this post.


https://hvac-eng.com/expansion-valves-selection/

Basement Dehumidifier Benefits Explained

Dehumidifiers have a bucket or pan that can be periodically emptied. Most have an automatic shut-off when the container is full. Relative humidity (RH) is the amount of water vapor actually present in the air compared to the greatest amount of water vapor the air can hold at that temperature. Many dehumidifiers include a built-in humidistat

https://hvac-eng.com/dehumidifiers/

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Cooling Load Calculation Rules

Cooling Load Rules Of Thumb for HVAC design of Banks, Court Houses, Municipal Buildings, Town Halls, Police Stations, Fire Stations, Post Offices, Precision Manufacturing, Computer Rooms, Restaurants, Kitchens (Depends Primarily on Kitchen Equipment), Cocktail Lounges, Bars, Taverns, Clubhouses, Nightclubs, Hospital Patient Rooms, Nursing Home Patient Rooms Buildings w/100 percent OA Systems (e.g., Laboratories, Hospitals) Medical/Dental Centers, Clinics, and Offices Residential Apartments (Eff., One-Room, Two-Room) Motel and Hotel Public Spaces Motel and Hotel Guest Rooms, Dormitories School Classrooms Dining Halls, Lunch Rooms, Cafeterias, Luncheonettes Libraries, Museums Retail, Department Stores Drug, Shoe, Dress, Jewelry, Beauty, Barber, and Other Shops Supermarkets Malls, Shopping Centers Jails Auditoriums, Theaters Churches Bowling Alleys

https://hvac-eng.com/cooling-load-rules-of-thumb/

Best HVAC Design Software

HVAC design software can be an invaluable tool for engineers and designers, as it allows them to accurately calculate loads, design duct systems, and analyze energy consumption. With a variety of software programs available, it's important to carefully research and select the software that best meets the needs of a particular project. This post covers some of the top options available, including features, benefits, and limitations, but there are many other programs that may be better suited for different types of projects. Investing in the right HVAC design software can help professionals in the design, analysis, and management of HVAC systems, and may improve their work efficiency, accuracy, and productivity.

https://hvac-eng.com/the-top-hvac-design-software-programs-a-comprehensive-guide/

History of HVAC Systems

A brief history of HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning)

https://hvac-eng.com/hvac-history/

Refrigeration System Simulation Software

- Cycle analysis (process design) – comparison of one stage direct expansion cycle and one stage flooded cycle.
- System sizing – calculation of component sizes from general criteria.
- System simulation – calculating operating conditions in a system with known components.
Component calculations – calculation of - components efficiencies and outlet conditions.
- Evaluation of operation – evaluation of system efficiency.
- Process investigation – e.g. moist air calculations.

https://hvac-eng.com/cooltools-software-download/

Commercial Hot Water Boiler Controls

Hot Water Boiler Controls, Zone Controls, Three-Way Valve Controls, Room Thermostat Controls, Room Thermostat Controlling Pumps, Indoor/Outdoor Control of Boiler, Zone Control by Circulator Control, Three-way Valve, Control through Indoor/Outdoor Stat, Control through Return Water, Indoor/Outdoor Controls

https://hvac-eng.com/hot-water-boilers-control/

Designing Parallel Chiller Systems

Chilled water is circulated by the chilled water or primary pump through both chillers to the load and back to the chillers. The chilled water loop can
be either constant flow or variable flow. Variable flow systems increase the complexity but offer significant pump work savings. They also resolve the issue about chiller sequencing that occurs with parallel chillers, constant flow.
To provide some redundancy in the HVAC design, most designers will require two or more chillers. Multiple chillers also offer the opportunity to improve on overall system part load performance and
reduce energy consumption. Parallel chiller plants are straightforward to design and are easily
modified for variable primary flow.


https://hvac-eng.com/parallel-chiller-system/

Data Center Cooling Efficiency

In a data center, the HVAC system energy consumption is dependent on three main factors: outdoor conditions (temperature and humidity), the use of economization strategies, and the primary type of cooling consider the following:

https://hvac-eng.com/data-centers-cooling-systems/

Refrigerant Property Diagrams

The idea of using a refrigerant diagram is that it makes it possible to represent the processes in the refrigeration system in such a way that analysis and evaluation of the process becomes easy.

https://hvac-eng.com/refrigerant-diagrams/