Leetcode.com 2021-08-29
🔴 330.patching-array

🏷️ Tags
#greedy #array

Description
Given a sorted integer array nums and an integer n, add/patch elements to the array such that any number in the range [1, n] inclusive can be formed by the sum of some elements in the array.

Return the minimum number of patches required.

Example

Input: nums = [1,3], n = 6
Output: 1
Explanation:
Combinations of nums are [1], [3], [1,3], which form possible sums of: 1, 3, 4.
Now if we add/patch 2 to nums, the combinations are: [1], [2], [3], [1,3], [2,3], [1,2,3].
Possible sums are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, which now covers the range [1, 6].
So we only need 1 patch.

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-08-31
🟡 1109.corporate-flight-bookings

🏷️ Tags
#array #prefix_sum

Description
这里有 n 个航班，它们分别从 1 到 n 进行编号。

有一份航班预订表 bookings ，表中第 i 条预订记录 bookings[i] = [firsti, lasti, seatsi] 意味着在从 firsti 到 lasti （包含 firsti 和 lasti ）的 每个航班 上预订了 seatsi 个座位。

请你返回一个长度为 n 的数组 answer，其中 answer[i] 是航班 i 上预订的座位总数。

 

Example

输入：bookings = [[1,2,10],[2,3,20],[2,5,25]], n = 5
输出：[10,55,45,25,25]
解释：
航班编号        1   2   3   4   5
预订记录 1 ：   10  10
预订记录 2 ：       20  20
预订记录 3 ：       25  25  25  25
总座位数：      10  55  45  25  25
因此，answer = [10,55,45,25,25]

Leetcode.com 2021-08-30
🟢 598.range-addition-ii

🏷️ Tags
#array #math

Description
You are given an m x n matrix M initialized with all 0's and an array of operations ops, where ops[i] = [ai, bi] means M[x][y] should be incremented by one for all 0 <= x < ai and 0 <= y < bi.

Count and return the number of maximum integers in the matrix after performing all the operations.

Example

Input: m = 3, n = 3, ops = [[2,2],[3,3]]
Output: 4
Explanation: The maximum integer in M is 2, and there are four of it in M. So return 4.

Leetcode.com 2021-08-31
🟡 153.find-minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array

🏷️ Tags
#array #binary_search

Description
Suppose an array of length n sorted in ascending order is rotated between 1 and n times. For example, the array nums = [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might become:


[4,5,6,7,0,1,2] if it was rotated 4 times.
[0,1,2,4,5,6,7] if it was rotated 7 times.


Notice that rotating an array [a[0], a[1], a[2], ..., a[n-1]] 1 time results in the array [a[n-1], a[0], a[1], a[2], ..., a[n-2]].

Given the sorted rotated array nums of unique elements, return the minimum element of this array.

You must write an algorithm that runs in O(log n) time.

Example

Input: nums = [3,4,5,1,2]
Output: 1
Explanation: The original array was [1,2,3,4,5] rotated 3 times.

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-02
🟢 剑指 Offer 22.lian-biao-zhong-dao-shu-di-kge-jie-dian-lcof

🏷️ Tags
#linked_list #two_pointers

Description
输入一个链表，输出该链表中倒数第k个节点。为了符合大多数人的习惯，本题从1开始计数，即链表的尾节点是倒数第1个节点。

例如，一个链表有 6 个节点，从头节点开始，它们的值依次是 1、2、3、4、5、6。这个链表的倒数第 3 个节点是值为 4 的节点。

 

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Leetcode.com 2021-09-01
🟡 565.array-nesting

🏷️ Tags
#depth_first_search #array

Description
You are given an integer array nums of length n where nums is a permutation of the numbers in the range [0, n - 1].

You should build a set s[k] = {nums[k], nums[nums[k]], nums[nums[nums[k]]], ... } subjected to the following rule:


The first element in s[k] starts with the selection of the element nums[k] of index = k.
The next element in s[k] should be nums[nums[k]], and then nums[nums[nums[k]]], and so on.
We stop adding right before a duplicate element occurs in s[k].


Return the longest length of a set s[k].

Example

Input: nums = [5,4,0,3,1,6,2]
Output: 4
Explanation: 
nums[0] = 5, nums[1] = 4, nums[2] = 0, nums[3] = 3, nums[4] = 1, nums[5] = 6, nums[6] = 2.
One of the longest sets s[k]:
s[0] = {nums[0], nums[5], nums[6], nums[2]} = {5, 6, 2, 0}

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-03
🟡 面试题 17.14.smallest-k-lcci

🏷️ Tags
#array #divide_and_conquer #quickselect #sorting #heap_priority_queue

Description
设计一个算法，找出数组中最小的k个数。以任意顺序返回这k个数均可。

Example

输入： arr = [1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8], k = 4
输出： [1,2,3,4]

Leetcode.com 2021-09-02
🟡 95.unique-binary-search-trees-ii

🏷️ Tags
#tree #binary_search_tree #dynamic_programming #backtracking #binary_tree

Description
Given an integer n, return all the structurally unique BST's (binary search trees), which has exactly n nodes of unique values from 1 to n. Return the answer in any order.

Example

Input: n = 3
Output: [[1,null,2,null,3],[1,null,3,2],[2,1,3],[3,1,null,null,2],[3,2,null,1]]

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-04
🟢 剑指 Offer 10- I.fei-bo-na-qi-shu-lie-lcof

🏷️ Tags
#memoization #math #dynamic_programming

Description
写一个函数，输入 n ，求斐波那契（Fibonacci）数列的第 n 项（即 F(N)）。斐波那契数列的定义如下：

F(0) = 0,   F(1) = 1
F(N) = F(N - 1) + F(N - 2), 其中 N > 1.

斐波那契数列由 0 和 1 开始，之后的斐波那契数就是由之前的两数相加而得出。

答案需要取模 1e9+7（1000000007），如计算初始结果为：1000000008，请返回 1。

 

Example

输入：n = 2
输出：1

Leetcode.com 2021-09-03
🔴 587.erect-the-fence

🏷️ Tags
#geometry #array #math

Description
You are given an array trees where trees[i] = [xi, yi] represents the location of a tree in the garden.

You are asked to fence the entire garden using the minimum length of rope as it is expensive. The garden is well fenced only if all the trees are enclosed.

Return the coordinates of trees that are exactly located on the fence perimeter.

Example

Input: points = [[1,1],[2,2],[2,0],[2,4],[3,3],[4,2]]
Output: [[1,1],[2,0],[3,3],[2,4],[4,2]]

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-05
🟡 470.implement-rand10-using-rand7

🏷️ Tags
#math #rejection_sampling #probability_and_statistics #randomized

Description
已有方法 rand7 可生成 1 到 7 范围内的均匀随机整数，试写一个方法 rand10 生成 1 到 10 范围内的均匀随机整数。

不要使用系统的 Math.random() 方法。




Example

输入: 1
输出: [7]

Leetcode.com 2021-09-04
🔴 834.sum-of-distances-in-tree

🏷️ Tags
#tree #depth_first_search #graph #dynamic_programming

Description
There is an undirected connected tree with n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1 and n - 1 edges.

You are given the integer n and the array edges where edges[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that there is an edge between nodes ai and bi in the tree.

Return an array answer of length n where answer[i] is the sum of the distances between the ith node in the tree and all other nodes.

Example

Input: n = 6, edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[2,3],[2,4],[2,5]]
Output: [8,12,6,10,10,10]
Explanation: The tree is shown above.
We can see that dist(0,1) + dist(0,2) + dist(0,3) + dist(0,4) + dist(0,5)
equals 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8.
Hence, answer[0] = 8, and so on.

Leetcode.com 2021-09-05
🔴 899.orderly-queue

🏷️ Tags
#math #string #sorting

Description
You are given a string s and an integer k. You can choose one of the first k letters of s and append it at the end of the string..

Return the lexicographically smallest string you could have after applying the mentioned step any number of moves.

Example

Input: s = "cba", k = 1
Output: "acb"
Explanation: 
In the first move, we move the 1st character 'c' to the end, obtaining the string "bac".
In the second move, we move the 1st character 'b' to the end, obtaining the final result "acb".

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-07
🟢 1221.split-a-string-in-balanced-strings

🏷️ Tags
#greedy #string #counting

Description
在一个 平衡字符串 中，'L' 和 'R' 字符的数量是相同的。

给你一个平衡字符串 s，请你将它分割成尽可能多的平衡字符串。

注意：分割得到的每个字符串都必须是平衡字符串。

返回可以通过分割得到的平衡字符串的 最大数量 。

 

Example

输入：s = "RLRRLLRLRL"
输出：4
解释：s 可以分割为 "RL"、"RRLL"、"RL"、"RL" ，每个子字符串中都包含相同数量的 'L' 和 'R' 。

Leetcode.com 2021-09-06
🟢 1629.slowest-key

🏷️ Tags
#array #string

Description
A newly designed keypad was tested, where a tester pressed a sequence of n keys, one at a time.

You are given a string keysPressed of length n, where keysPressed[i] was the ith key pressed in the testing sequence, and a sorted list releaseTimes, where releaseTimes[i] was the time the ith key was released. Both arrays are 0-indexed. The 0th key was pressed at the time 0, and every subsequent key was pressed at the exact time the previous key was released.

The tester wants to know the key of the keypress that had the longest duration. The ith keypress had a duration of releaseTimes[i] - releaseTimes[i - 1], and the 0th keypress had a duration of releaseTimes[0].

Note that the same key could have been pressed multiple times during the test, and these multiple presses of the same key may not have had the same duration.

Return the key of the keypress that had the longest duration. If there are multiple such keypresses, return the lexicographically largest key of the keypresses.

Example

Input: releaseTimes = [9,29,49,50], keysPressed = "cbcd"
Output: "c"
Explanation: The keypresses were as follows:
Keypress for 'c' had a duration of 9 (pressed at time 0 and released at time 9).
Keypress for 'b' had a duration of 29 - 9 = 20 (pressed at time 9 right after the release of the previous character and released at time 29).
Keypress for 'c' had a duration of 49 - 29 = 20 (pressed at time 29 right after the release of the previous character and released at time 49).
Keypress for 'd' had a duration of 50 - 49 = 1 (pressed at time 49 right after the release of the previous character and released at time 50).
The longest of these was the keypress for 'b' and the second keypress for 'c', both with duration 20.
'c' is lexicographically larger than 'b', so the answer is 'c'.

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-08
🔴 502.ipo

🏷️ Tags
#greedy #array #sorting #heap_priority_queue

Description
假设 力扣（LeetCode）即将开始其 IPO。为了以更高的价格将股票卖给风险投资公司，力扣 希望在 IPO 之前开展一些项目以增加其资本。 由于资源有限，它只能在 IPO 之前完成最多 k 个不同的项目。帮助 力扣 设计完成最多 k 个不同项目后得到最大总资本的方式。

给定若干个项目。对于每个项目 i，它都有一个纯利润 Pi，并且需要最小的资本 Ci 来启动相应的项目。最初，你有 W 资本。当你完成一个项目时，你将获得纯利润，且利润将被添加到你的总资本中。

总而言之，从给定项目中选择最多 k 个不同项目的列表，以最大化最终资本，并输出最终可获得的最多资本。

 

Example

输入：k=2, W=0, Profits=[1,2,3], Capital=[0,1,1].
输出：4
解释：
由于你的初始资本为 0，你仅可以从 0 号项目开始。
在完成后，你将获得 1 的利润，你的总资本将变为 1。
此时你可以选择开始 1 号或 2 号项目。
由于你最多可以选择两个项目，所以你需要完成 2 号项目以获得最大的资本。
因此，输出最后最大化的资本，为 0 + 1 + 3 = 4。

Leetcode.com 2021-09-07
🟢 206.reverse-linked-list

🏷️ Tags
#recursion #linked_list

Description
Given the head of a singly linked list, reverse the list, and return the reversed list.

Example

Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: [5,4,3,2,1]

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-09
🔴 68.text-justification

🏷️ Tags
#string #simulation

Description
给定一个单词数组和一个长度 maxWidth，重新排版单词，使其成为每行恰好有 maxWidth 个字符，且左右两端对齐的文本。

你应该使用“贪心算法”来放置给定的单词；也就是说，尽可能多地往每行中放置单词。必要时可用空格 ' ' 填充，使得每行恰好有 maxWidth 个字符。

要求尽可能均匀分配单词间的空格数量。如果某一行单词间的空格不能均匀分配，则左侧放置的空格数要多于右侧的空格数。

文本的最后一行应为左对齐，且单词之间不插入额外的空格。

说明:


单词是指由非空格字符组成的字符序列。
每个单词的长度大于 0，小于等于 maxWidth。
输入单词数组 words 至少包含一个单词。


Example

输入:
words = ["This", "is", "an", "example", "of", "text", "justification."]
maxWidth = 16
输出:
[
   "This    is    an",
   "example  of text",
   "justification.  "
]

Leetcode.com 2021-09-08
🟡 848.shifting-letters

🏷️ Tags
#array #string

Description
You are given a string s of lowercase English letters and an integer array shifts of the same length.

Call the shift() of a letter, the next letter in the alphabet, (wrapping around so that 'z' becomes 'a').


For example, shift('a') = 'b', shift('t') = 'u', and shift('z') = 'a'.


Now for each shifts[i] = x, we want to shift the first i + 1 letters of s, x times.

Return the final string after all such shifts to s are applied.

Example

Input: s = "abc", shifts = [3,5,9]
Output: "rpl"
Explanation: We start with "abc".
After shifting the first 1 letters of s by 3, we have "dbc".
After shifting the first 2 letters of s by 5, we have "igc".
After shifting the first 3 letters of s by 9, we have "rpl", the answer.

Leetcode-cn.com 2021-09-10
🟡 1894.find-the-student-that-will-replace-the-chalk

🏷️ Tags
#array #binary_search #prefix_sum #simulation

Description
一个班级里有 n 个学生，编号为 0 到 n - 1 。每个学生会依次回答问题，编号为 0 的学生先回答，然后是编号为 1 的学生，以此类推，直到编号为 n - 1 的学生，然后老师会重复这个过程，重新从编号为 0 的学生开始回答问题。

给你一个长度为 n 且下标从 0 开始的整数数组 chalk 和一个整数 k 。一开始粉笔盒里总共有 k 支粉笔。当编号为 i 的学生回答问题时，他会消耗 chalk[i] 支粉笔。如果剩余粉笔数量 严格小于 chalk[i] ，那么学生 i 需要 补充 粉笔。

请你返回需要 补充 粉笔的学生 编号 。

 

Example

输入：chalk = [5,1,5], k = 22
输出：0
解释：学生消耗粉笔情况如下：
- 编号为 0 的学生使用 5 支粉笔，然后 k = 17 。
- 编号为 1 的学生使用 1 支粉笔，然后 k = 16 。
- 编号为 2 的学生使用 5 支粉笔，然后 k = 11 。
- 编号为 0 的学生使用 5 支粉笔，然后 k = 6 。
- 编号为 1 的学生使用 1 支粉笔，然后 k = 5 。
- 编号为 2 的学生使用 5 支粉笔，然后 k = 0 。
编号为 0 的学生没有足够的粉笔，所以他需要补充粉笔。

Leetcode.com 2021-09-09
🟡 764.largest-plus-sign

🏷️ Tags
#array #dynamic_programming

Description
You are given an integer n. You have an n x n binary grid grid with all values initially 1's except for some indices given in the array mines. The ith element of the array mines is defined as mines[i] = [xi, yi] where grid[xi][yi] == 0.

Return the order of the largest axis-aligned plus sign of 1's contained in grid. If there is none, return 0.

An axis-aligned plus sign of 1's of order k has some center grid[r][c] == 1 along with four arms of length k - 1 going up, down, left, and right, and made of 1's. Note that there could be 0's or 1's beyond the arms of the plus sign, only the relevant area of the plus sign is checked for 1's.

Example

Input: n = 5, mines = [[4,2]]
Output: 2
Explanation: In the above grid, the largest plus sign can only be of order 2. One of them is shown.