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Advanced_grammar

🟢 REPORTED SPEECH 🟢

✍ We often need to tell others what someone else said. There are two ways to do this. One is to say the same words and use quotation marks. That is "direct speech." The other method is to summarize, or tell about what someone said. This is called "reported speech." Before we get into the rules for reporting speech, here are the terms we are using to explain it.

🧑‍🎓 Rules for reporting speech 👨‍🎓

🔥 To get this kind of sentence right, there are four things you should keep in mind:

1⃣ The first rule is to choose a reporting verb and tense.

⭕️ With current, repeated or recent events, the reporting verb is in the present tense. "He says he is hungry, so let's go to lunch." A habitual or repeated statement is in the present tense: "Everyone says the water is safe to drink." For reporting less immediate speech, choose the past tense. The reporting verb is often said, but it can also be told, or other verbs like ordered, stated, or reported, depending on the situation. When reporting questions, you can use verbs like asked or requested.

2⃣ The second rule is to change the perspective, or point of view.

⭕️That means I becomes he, she, or they.

"Mary said 'I ate the pie."' becomes
"She said that she ate the pie."

"The boys said, 'We are coming tomorrow'" becomes
"They said they are coming tomorrow."

🔢 Next, choose whether to include "that or "if."

⭕️You can say, "He says he is at home" or "He says that he is at home." That is a conjunction here, linking the two parts of the sentence. It is optional. Another conjunction, if, is required when reporting on a question: "He asked me if I knew how to play tennis."

4⃣ The fourth rule is to "backshift" the tense.

⭕️This is the trickiest part of reported speech. When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported clause is in the past tense, too. The verb aspect, showing whether the action is completed, matches. Here are some examples:​

"I am buying my ticket." (present continuous)
-> He said he was buying his ticket. (past continuous)

Ashley: "I have fixed my bicycle." (present perfect)
-> She said she had fixed her bicycle. (past perfect

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True beauty isn't in the face. It's in the heart 💙

Beauty on the face fades off, but a beautiful heart stays forever 💚

May ALLAH grant us inner beauty and let that inner beauty reflect in our actions ... Aameen 💕



Quruxda dhabta ah wajiga kuma jirto. Qalbiga ayay ku jirtaa 💙

Quruxda wajiga way libdho, laakiin qalbiga qurxoon weligiis buu sii jirayaa 💚

ALLAH ha ina waafajiyo quruxda gudaha hana u daayo quruxda gudaha inay ka muuqato ficilkeena

#Lesson_5

I'm getting
Listen to the Entire Lesson

When combining the words 'I am' and 'getting' you are telling someone 'you' are gaining possession, being affected by or have plans to seek out and obtain a particular thing.

Here are some examples:

"I'm getting better."
"I'm getting ready for bed."
"I'm getting a tooth ache."
"I'm getting a cold."
"I'm getting married."
"I'm getting tired."
"I'm getting good at reading."
"I'm getting a new car."
"I'm getting a job."
"I'm getting a puppy."

Helpless love

Once upon a time all feelings and emotions went to a coastal island for a vacation. According to their nature, each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of an impending storm was announced and everyone was advised to evacuate the island.

The announcement caused sudden panic. All rushed to their boats. Even damaged boats were quickly repaired and commissioned for duty.

Yet, Love did not wish to flee quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realised it was time to leave. Alas, there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope.

Just then Prosperity passed by in a luxurious boat. Love shouted, “Prosperity, could you please take me in your boat?”

“No,” replied Prosperity, “my boat is full of precious possessions, gold and silver. There is no place for you.”

A little later Vanity came by in a beautiful boat. Again Love shouted, “Could you help me, Vanity? I am stranded and need a lift. Please take me with you.”

Vanity responded haughtily, “No, I cannot take you with me. My boat will get soiled with your muddy feet.”

Sorrow passed by after some time. Again, Love asked for help. But it was to no avail. “No, I cannot take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself.”

When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it did not look around, hardly concerned about anyone.

Love was growing restless and dejected. Just then somebody called out, “Come Love, I will take you with me.” Love did not know who was being so magnanimous, but jumped on to the boat, greatly relieved that she would reach a safe place.

On getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Puzzled, Love inquired, “Knowledge, do you know who so generously gave me a lift just when no one else wished to help?”

Knowledge smiled, “Oh, that was Time.”

“And why would Time stop to pick me and take me to safety?” Love wondered.

Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and replied, “Because only Time knows your true greatness and what you are capable of. Only Love can bring peace and great happiness in this world.”

“The important message is that when we are prosperous, we overlook love. When we feel important, we forget love. Even in happiness and sorrow we forget love. Only with time do we realize the importance of love. Why wait that long? Why not make love a part of your life today?”

Author Unknown
 

🔷➖💠➖💠➖💠➖💠➖💠


Clean - Washing

✳️Do the laundry : to wash the dirty clothes by washing machine
✳️Do the ironing : To iron the withered clothes
✳️Do the dishes: to wash the dirty dishes

✳️Do homework : to do the assignments
✳️Do gardening : to water and take care of plants


✍✍✍✍✍✍✍

*Common-mistake*

❌ I cut my hair.

✅ I had /got a haircut yesterday.

✅I need a haircut.

✅I need to get my hair cut.

✅Your new haircut really suits you!

✅Have you had a haircut?

✅Have you had your hair cut?

✍Note! Haircut is a noun.


🔷➖💠➖💠➖💠➖🔷➖💠

🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻

*🏆 Ways to Say Nice*

🏅 Sweet

🏅 Friendly

🏅 Kind

🏅 Likable

🏅 Pleasant

🏅 Lovely

🏅 Amicable

🏅 Polite

🏅 Warm

🏅 Cordial

🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻

*🏆 Ways to Say Sad*


🏅 Forlorn

🏅 Disappointed

🏅 Blue

🏅 Down

🏅 Glum

🏅 Tearful

🏅 SorroMul

🏅 Depressed

🏅 unhappy

🏅 Miserable


🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

👁️‍🗨️ *A slip of the tongue.*

🦚🦚🦚🦚🦚

💠Meaning
When you say something that you did not mean to say.

♦️Sentence
Be careful what you say, one slip of the tongue and we're all in trouble.

👁️‍🗨️ *A stitch in time saves nine.*

💠Meaning
If you fix a small problem right away, it will not become a bigger problem later.

♦️Sentence
You need to get the leak fixed before it gets bigger. A stitch in time saves nine.

👁️‍🗨️ *A white elephant.*

💠Meaning
Used to describe something you own that is useless.

♦️Sentence
Spain lavished money on many white elephant building projects, such as the airport at Ciudad Real, south of Madrid .

👁️‍🗨️ *A wolf in sheep's clothing.*

💠Meaning
Someone who is dangerous, but pretends to be harmless.

♦️Sentence
I wouldn't borrow any money off him if I were you. He's a real wolf in sheep's clothing.

👁️‍🗨️ *Cheat death*

💠Meaning
To avoid a possibly fatal event or prolong your life in spite of considerable odds.

♦️Sentence
An eccentric British pilot cheated death after crash-landing in the shark-infested waters of the Caribbean.

Learn with joy 🌹🌺🌷

*THE GOLDEN RULES*

1. *Respect 3 People*
☝🏻. Teachers
☝🏻. Parents
☝🏻. Elderly

2. *Keep 3 things in you*
☝🏻. Honesty
☝🏻. Faith
☝🏻. Good Deeds

3. *Be Free from 3 things*
☝🏻. Arrogance
☝🏻. Cheating
☝🏻. Debts

4. *Control 3 things*
☝🏻. Tongue
☝🏻. Anger
☝🏻. Appetite

5. *Reject 3 things*
☝🏻. Bad deeds
☝🏻. Backbiting
☝🏻. Jealousy

6. *Obtain 3 things*
☝🏻. Knowledge
☝🏻. Understanding
☝🏻. Wisdom

7. *Build on 3 things*
☝🏻. Good counsel
☝🏻. Good Manners
☝🏻. Godliness with contentment

8. *Keep 3 things pure*
☝🏻. Body
☝🏻. Clothes
☝🏻. Thoughts

9. *Remember 3 things*
☝🏻. Death
☝🏻. Hell
☝🏻. Heaven

10. *Protect 3 things*
☝🏻. Family
☝🏻. Future
☝🏻. Friends

11. *Work on 3 things*
☝🏻. Vision
☝🏻. Trust
☝🏻. Faith

12. *Run away from 3 things*
☝🏻. Sin
☝🏻. Pride
☝🏻. Bad association

13. *Love 3 People*
☝🏻. God
☝🏻. Yourself
☝🏻. Others.

#Clean Washing

✳️Do the laundry : to wash the dirty clothes by washing machine
✳️Do the ironing : To iron the withered clothes
✳️Do the dishes: to wash the dirty dishes

✳️Do homework : to do the assignments
✳️Do gardening : to water and take care of plants



✍✍✍✍✍✍✍

#Commonmistake

❌ I cut my hair.

✅ I had /got a haircut yesterday.

✅I need a haircut.

✅I need to get my hair cut.

✅Your new haircut really suits you!

✅Have you had a haircut?

✅Have you had your hair cut?

✍Note! Haircut is a noun.

⚠️⚠️ ●●●♻️♻️
*Aida Sabreena*
🔰🔰 ●●●⚠️⚠️

🍁 WAYS TO SUM UP YOUR SPEECH

🍂 in conclusion
🍂 in summary
🍂 to sum up
🍂 as I have said

🍂 on the whole
🍂 in all/all in all
🍂 in short
🍂 briefly/to put it briefly

👉 In short, the film was a complete waste of time.
👉 To put it briefly, it was a hard work but we managed to complete it.
👉 In conclusion, I would like to say thanks to everyone who took part in the project.

🔠
🌹🌹🌹
*ABCD Online*

🍁 WAYS TO SUM UP YOUR SPEECH

🍂 in conclusion
🍂 in summary
🍂 to sum up
🍂 as I have said

🍂 on the whole
🍂 in all/all in all
🍂 in short
🍂 briefly/to put it briefly

👉 In short, the film was a complete waste of time.
👉 To put it briefly, it was a hard work but we managed to complete it.
👉 In conclusion, I would like to say thanks to everyone who took part in the project.

📒attribute to

📖Meaning
to believe that something results directly from a certain event or fact

🤓For example ⤵️

💬Scientists now attribute the melting of the polar ice caps to global warming.

💬The rise in heart disease and certain cancers can be attributed to the high amount of red meat that many people can afford to eat these days.
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🔰Would have / Would rather have


✨WOULD HAVE

- MAKING AN EXCUSE

🔻Would have expresses a hypothetical situation. A clause may be added with but to give a reason or an excuse. "Conditional Perfect"

🔹I would have stopped smoking, but it was too difficult. (action did not happen)
= I was going to stop smoking, but it was too difficult.

🔹I would have called, but my phone wasn't working. (action did not happen)
= I was going to call , but my phone wasn't working.
 

✨WOULD RATHER HAVE

- PAST PREFERENCE

🔻Would rather have is used for stating a past preference that was not satisfied or met. A clause with but may be added for emphasis.

🔹I would rather have found an easy way out, but I didn't.

🔹I would rather have been a non-smoker, but I wasn't.

📒carry on

📖Meaning
to continue doing something

🤓For example ⤵️

💬During the football match Rafael hurt his leg. He tried to carry on, but it soon got worse so he had to go off.

💬Before the teacher left the classroom, she told her students to carry on with their work.

💬It started to rain but Gillian and her golfing partners carried on playing. Soon they were wet through.
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📒go up

📖Meaning
If something like a price or a rate goes up, it becomes higher.

🤓For example ⤵️

💬If the economy is in a period of inflation, prices and incomes are going up.

💬Whenever Jerry sees the girl who lives next door, his blood pressure goes up.
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📒wean off

📖Meaning
to gradually break a bad habit by doing it less and less

🤓For example ⤵️

💬If you're addicted to cigarettes, you could try to wean yourself off them by smoking fewer and fewer every day.

💬If somebody's hooked on drugs and they want to quit, they can stop all of a sudden, or they can slowly wean themselves off.
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📒jut out

📖Meaning
If something juts out, it is further foward than usual or it sticks out more than usual.

🤓For example ⤵️

💬The front of his car got hit because it jutted out into a busy traffic lane.

💬 If the broken pipe hadn't been jutting out from the wall, I wouldn't have tripped over it.
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📒pass away ⚖️Synonym: die, pass on

📖Meaning
If someone passes away, they die.

🤓For example ⤵️

💬pass away Our chairman passed away yesterday, and his funeral will be held next Friday.

💬pass away Olivia told us she wanted her body to be cremated after she passed away.
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📒see to

📖Meaning
If you see to something, you take responsibility for it and make sure it's done.

🤓For example ⤵️

💬see to sth The police chief promised he'd see to it that whoever was behind the attacks would be caught and punished.

💬have sth seen to That's a nasty cut. You'd better go to the hospital and have it seen to.
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📒beef up

📖Meaning
to make something stronger or more powerful

🤓For example ⤵️

💬The government decided to beef up security after a terrorist attack on the country's biggest airport.

💬We've been letting the opposition teams score too many goals, so we need to beef our defence up a bit.
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