Tie to, not on

❌Don't say ; The girl tied the string on the kite.

✅ Say : The girl tied the string to the kite.

Tired of, not from.

❌Don't say: The boys are tired from eating boiled eggs.

✅ Say :The boys are tired of eating boiled eggs.

⚡️Further Notes on the differences between Present Perfect and Past Simple⚡️

Remember:

1- We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present.

❌ (Tom doesn't have his book now.) He lost it.
✅ (Tom has his book now.) He lost it.


2- We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still happening now OR for finished actions which have a connection to the present.

❌ (Tom doesn't have his book now.) He lost it.
✅ (Tom doesn't have his book now.) He has lost it.


3- We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word (specific time):

❌ I've been to the museum yesterday.
✅ I went to the museum yesterday.


4- The Present Perfect is connected in someway to the present while the Past Simple is not at all::

✅ She has gone to London. (She must be in London now).
✅ She went to London. (She may or may not be in London now).

5- We cannot use a specific time with the present perfect tense, but we can tell how many times.

- We have gone camping twice.

6- We can also tell the number of times with past tense sentences. We usually do this when we are telling the number of times and a specific time.

- I visited Australia two times in 2015.

7- Sometimes, the present perfect can be used for things that finished very recently. In these situations, we can use either the past tense or the present perfect tense.

Both "just or recently" can be used in the Present Perfect and Past Simple while the adverb "lately" can be used in the Present Perfect ONLY.

- The company just announced their sales results. (Past Tense)
- The company has just announced their sales results. (Present Perfect)

8- If there is no specific time, then we can use both. They have the same basic meaning.
- I went there.
- I have been there.

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⚡️Further Notes on the differences between For and Since⚡️

The use of FOR
We use "For" when we measure the duration – when we say how long something lasts.

For + the length of a period of time
♦️To measure a period of time up to the present, we use the present perfect tense and not the present tense.

- I have known her for a long time. (Correct)
- I know her for a long time. (Incorrect)

- I have lived here for ten years. (Correct)
- I live here for ten years. (Incorrect)

♦️Notice: The present tense with "For" refers to a period of time that extends into the future.

- How long are you here for? (Until when in the future)
- How long have you been here for? (Since when in the past)

♦️Notice: In reality, we can use all verb tenses with "For":
- They exercise for two hours every day. (Simple Present)
- They are exercising for three hours today. (Present Continuous)
- He has lived in Moscow for a long time. (Present Perfect)
- He has been living in Turin for three months. (Present Perfect Continuous)
- I worked at the service station for five years. (Simple Past)
- He will be in hospital for at least a week. (Simple Future)




The use of SINCE
♦️"Since" gives the starting point of actions, events or states. It refers to when things began. After "since" you always see a Simple Past time marker (not a length of a period of time).

- She has been watching TV for three hours. ("three hours" is not a simple past time marker. It is a period of time. So, we must use "for" not "since".)

- She has been watching TV since 03:00 p.m. ("03:00 p.m." is a simple past time marker. So, we must use "since" not "for".)


♦️"Since" + a point in time (in the past), until now.

- I've been waiting since 7 o'clock.
- I have known him since January.

With since we use the present perfect tenses or the past perfect tenses.

- I have been here since 5 o'clock and I am getting tired.
- I had been working since 5 o'clock and I was getting tired.

♦️Since can also be used in the structure It has been + period of time + since.

- It has been two months since I last saw her. (Remember: "I last saw her" is simple past, so we use "since")
- It has been three years since the last earthquake.



♦️♦️♦️SUMMERIZATION♦️♦️♦️


♦️ "FOR" to mention a specific period (or duration) of time.
I have been a doctor for fifteen years. (duration = 15 years)

♦️"SINCE" to mention the starting point of a period of time (continues to now).
I have been a doctor since 1992. (starting point = 1992)


♦️ Both "For" and "Since" are most commonly used with the perfect tense - we don't use these expressions in the present tense.

- I have learnt Russian for three years. (correct)
- I learn Russian for three years. (incorrect)


♦️While we can use "For" in the Simple Past tense, we can't use "Since" in the Simple Past tense. "Since" can only be used in the perfect tenses.

- She went to Japan for three years. (correct)
- She went to Japan since 2003. (incorrect)

♦️ It worth mentioning that both "For" and "Since" have other meanings in English that are not associated with time.

- This is for you.
- Is this the train for London?
- Since you asked, I'll say yes.
- Since he didn't study, he didn't pass the exam

Simple and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses⚡️

♦️(1) When we want to express, ask or tell "how long" or the "time duration" of an action, the Present Perfect Continuous would be more natural:
a - He has been learning English since 2002.
b- They have been watching TV for two hours.


BUT REMEBER:
Some verbs express "state" not "action"; therefore, we use the Present Perfect Simple not the Continuous which "State Verbs" that we have discussed earlier in our course:
a- We have known each other since 2002.
b- I have had a car for two years.

To conclude:
- Dynamic implies change (action)
- Stative implies no change (state)

1. Most verbs in English are dynamic: work, live, eat, etc.
2. A small group of verbs are stative: (know, understand, etc.).
3. Exceptions to the rule: some verbs can be used in a dual sense i.e. a stative or a dynamic sense:
"be": although "be" is generally stative it can have a temporary dynamic sense: My boss is being nasty.

The verb <live> can be used in a stative sense when it means to "stay" or "be alive" i.e. a state: He didn't live to see the realization of his dream. All other meanings are dynamic.

The verb "come" is another example compare:
I come from Germany (stative: I am from Germany)
I am coming from Germany (dynamic: travelling).

It measures four metres. (stative)
He is measuring the car. (dynamic)

4. Sometimes you make a stative verb dynamic to add emphasis only:
I hope she...
I am hoping she.... (dynamic: hope very much).



Final Note:
The verbs "live", "work" and "smoke" are usually said to be treated as stative verbs not actions.

♦️(2) In negative sentences, it's more natural to use the Present Perfect Simple not the Present Perfect Continuous. If you remember, the Present Perfect Simple expresses an action that has started and finished or never happened before. The Continuous expresses an action that has started before now and has been continuing up until now.

So, there is no need to focus on the duration of a verb that is has not happened at all:
- I have not played music before. (correct)
- I have not been playing music before. (unnatural)

⚡️Further reading on the uses of the Past Continuous Tense⚡️


♦️1. an action GOING ON at some time in the past (the time of the action may or may not be indicated):
a. It was getting darker.
b. They were watching TV all evening.

♦️2. to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted by a shorter action. The older and longer action is in the past continuous and the newer and shorter one is in the past simple. (Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time):
a. I was watching TV when she called.
b. The light went out while I was reading.

♦️3. for persistent habits in the past (to concentrate more on the continuity of the habits that they were more than usual):
a. She was always watching TV.
b. They were always arriving late.

♦️4. Parallel Actions: (When you use the past continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time or simultaneously):
a. I was studying while my mother was making lunch.
b. They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

♦️5. Atmosphere or Background actions (We often use the past continuous to describe the atmosphere or background actions at a particular time in the past):
a. The sun was shining when I went out.
b. When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped.

♦️6. Repetition and Irritation with "Always": (The past continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion) (See also: using "always" with the Present Continuous):
a. She was always coming to class late.
b. He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

♦️Non-continuous Verbs♦️
Non-continuous verbs are verbs that we do not normally use with continuous tenses. These "stative" verbs are about state, not action, and they cannot express the continuous or progressive aspect. Here are some of the most common non-continuous verbs:


♦️Mental and Emotional States♦️
Believe - I believe what you say.
Dislike - She dislikes eating pizza.
Doubt - I doubt what you say is true.
Imagine - He imagines he needs some time off work.
Know - I know Tom very well.
Like - I like watching TV in the evening.
Love - They love to visit friends.
Hate - I hate to see him suffer.
Prefer - They prefer to take tests on Monday.
Realize - She realizes that it was her mistake.
Recognize - Peter recognizes his mistake.
Remember - I remember that day very well.
Suppose - I suppose you are right.
Understand - Tim understands the situation.
Want - I want to wish you well.
Wish - I wish life were easier.


♦️Sense♦️
Appear - It appears to be finished.
Feel - I feel cold now.
Hear - I hear what you are saying.
See - I see that it's difficult.
Seem - It seems rather simple to me.
Smell - It smells like a rat.
Sound - It sounds like a good idea.
Taste - It tastes like almonds.



♦️Communication♦️
Agree - I agree we need to finish the project.
Astonish - He astonishes me every time.
Deny - The criminal denies any wrong doing.
Disagree - I disagree with what you say.
Impress - He impresses his teachers at school.
Mean - I mean that very honestly.
Please - She pleases her students every day in class.
Promise - I promise I'm not telling a lie.
Satisfy - She satisfies all the requirements.
Surprise - It surprises me every time.


♦️Other States♦️
Be - I'm a teacher.
Belong - It belongs to Tom.
Concern - It concerns all of us.
Consist - It consists of chocolate, cream and cookies.
Contain - The letter contains a threat.
Cost - The jeans cost $100.
Depend - It depends on how you look at it.
Deserve - You deserve much better.
Dit - That doesn't fit my schedule.
Include - The vacation includes all meals.
Involve - The job involves lots of travel.
Lack - It lacks any meaning.
Matter - It doesn't matter what you think.
Need - I need some time off.
Owe - He owes you a lot of money.
Own - I own a Porsche.
Possess - Jack possesses all the right skills.

⚡️Further reading on using adverbs of frequency with the Present Continuous⚡️
We can use "always / consntantly / continuously / continually / forever and other similar adverbs" with the Present Continuous to show our ANNOYANCE / ANGER / COMPLAINING because of something that happens regularly.

♦️She always comes late. (we are just stating a fact about her without telling what we feel about that habit)

♦️She is always coming late. (we are stating a fact about her and expressing our annoyance of this habit)


♦️Christina always leaves her dirty clothes on the floor. (this a fact about her / we have no emotions about that)

♦️Christina is always leaving her dirty clothes on the floor for me to pick up! Who does she think I am? Her maid? (We are very annoyed)

⚡️Further reading on the uses of the Simple Present Tense⚡️

🌟 1. repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes, never)
♦️My friend often draws nice posters.
♦️I never drink orange juice.


🌟 2. things in general
♦️Honey is sweet.
♦️Cats drink milk.

🌟 3. fixed timetables, scheduled events
♦️The plane flies to London every Monday.
♦️We have English lessons on Tuesdays and Fridays.

🌟 4. sequence of actions in the present (first – then, after that) ♦️First I get up, then I have breakfast.
♦️After school I switch on my computer, then I check my emails and after that I play my favourite game.

🌟 5. instructions
♦️Open your books at page 34.
♦️Don't shout at me!

🌟 6. with special verbs – which are normally not used with the Present Progressive (These verbs express states, possessions, feelings etc.) be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer, remain, realize, see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish
♦️He doesn't like fish.
♦️She believes in life after death.


🌟 7. In exclamatory sentences beginning with "here" and "there"
♦️Here goes your husband!
♦️Here comes the bus!

🌟 8. in broadcast commentaries
In broadcast commentaries on sporting events, the simple present tense is used instead of the present continuous tense to talk about activities in progress.
♦️He catches the ball.

⚡️Further uses of the Present Continuous Tense.⚡️

The Present Continuous is used when we talk about something which is happening now (or around now).

🌟 1. actions happening at the moment of speaking (now, at the moment)
♦️Peter is reading a book now
♦️She's listening to the radio.


🌟 2. fixed plans or arrangements in the near future
♦️She is going to Basel on Saturday.


🌟 3. temporary actions
♦️His father is working in Rome this month.

► Verbs that express states are normally not used with the Present Progressive. If they are used, watch the difference in meaning.

♦️They love being together. (They are not together now.)
♦️They are loving being together. (They are together now.)


🌟 4. actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions)
♦️My friend is preparing for his exams.


🌟 5. trends
♦️More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.


🌟 6. repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (especially with always, constantly, forever)
♦️Andrew is always coming late. (I don't like this.)

🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌻🌸🌻


*Super Motivational Quotes*



✍️“The hard days are what make you stronger.” – Aly Raisman

✍️“If you believe it’ll work out, you’ll see opportunities. If you don’t believe it’ll work out, you’ll see obstacles.” – Wayne Dyer

✍️“Keep your eyes on the stars, and your feet on the ground.” – Theodore Roosevelt

✍️“You can waste your lives drawing lines. Or you can live your life crossing them.” – Shonda Rhimes

✍️“You’ve got to get up every morning with determination if you’re going to go to bed with satisfaction.” – George Lorimer

✍️“I now tried a new hypothesis: It was possible that I was more in charge of my happiness than I was allowing myself to be.” – Michelle Obama

✍️“In a gentle way, you can shake the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi

✍️“If opportunity doesn’t knock, build a door.” – Kurt Cobain

✍️“Don’t be pushed around by the fears in your mind. Be led by the dreams in your heart.” – Roy T. Bennett

✍️“Work hard in silence, let your success be the noise.” – Frank Ocean



🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸🌻🌸

Fond of + -ing.

❌Don't say: She's always fond to talk.

✅Say: She's always fond of

Insist on + -ing.

❌ Don't say: Simon insisted to go to London.

✅ Say: Simon insisted on going to London.

🔵To sit on the fence🔵

📌= to be uncommitted or undecided

📌= to remain neutral on a certain topic

📌= to not have a stance or open opinion about a topic

📌= to be unable or unwilling to commit oneself to one side of an argument or dispute


🔵Example sentences:

📍The politician did not commit himself to either side of the reporter’s controversial question.

📍He just sat on the fence so as not to lose votes from either side.

📍You can’t sit on the fence any longer you must choose whose side you are on.

📍You have to choose whether you support the candidate or not.

📍You can’t sit on the fence right now, you must vote!

1. (to let the cat out of the bag)
to reveal or tell a secret or a surprise by accident.

2. (to look down upon)
to consider someone or something as not important.

3. (to lose one's head)
to become confused or overly emotional about someone or something.

4. (to make no difference)
not to matter to someone.

5. (to make room for)
to provide space for someone or something.

6. (to put on weight)
to gain weight; to get fat.

7. (to rains cats and dogs)
raining very heavily.

8. (to run errands)
to take a short trip to do a specific thing.

9. (to run out of)
Exhaust a supply or quantity of something.

10. (to serve one right)
you deserve the punishment that you received.
@English

⭕️Deal with and Deal in.

🔴(a) Deal with.

❌Don't say: This book deals in common errors.

✔️Say: This book deals with common errors.

🔴(b) Deal in.

❌Don't say: A bookseller deals with books.

✔️Say: A bookseller deals in books.

⭕️Pick and Pick up.

🔴(a) Pick.

❌Don't say: We picked up flowers in the garden.

✔️Say: We picked flowers in the garden.

🔴(b) Pick up.

❌Don't say: The naughty boy picked a stone.

✔️Say: The naughty boy picked up a stone.

⭕️Grow and Grow up.

🔴(a) Grow.

❌Don't say: These flowers grow up very quickly.

✔️Say: These flowers grow very quickly.

🔴(b) Grow up.

❌Don't say: When I grow I'll be a doctor.

✔️Say: When I grow up I'll be a doctor.

⭕️Tear and Tear up.

🔴(a) Tear.

❌Don't say: John tore up his coat on a nail.

✔️Say: John tore his coat on a nail.

🔴(b) Tear up.

❌Don't say: Philip was angry and tore the letter.

✔️Say: Philip was angry and tore up the letter.