‎الأطباق الجانبية

🍱baked potato أو jacket potato خبز البطاطا
🍱boiled potatoes بطاطس مغلّية
🍱mashed potatoes بطاطس مهروسة
🍱roast potatoes بطاطس مشوية
🍱sauté potatoes بطاطس سوتيه
🍱French fries أو fries البطاطس المقلية
🍱boiled rice الأرز المسلوق
🍱fried rice الأرز المقلي
🍱cauliflower cheese قرنبيط بالجبن
🍱onion rings حلقات البصل
🍱roasted vegetables خضار مشوية
🍱Yorkshire pudding حلويات يوركشير (مزيج محمّص من الطحين، البيض، الحليب والملح)

‎أطباق الطعام

🍔catch of the day صيد اليوم
🍔dish of the day طبق اليوم
🍔soup of the day حساء اليوم
🍔all day breakfast فطور طوال اليوم
🍔bacon and eggs لحم خنزير مقدد وبيض
🍔beefburger أو hamburger هامبرغر
🍔cheese and biscuits جبنة وبسكويت
🍔cheeseburger هامبرغر بالجبنة
🍔chicken دجاج
🍔curry كاري
🍔egg and chips بيض وبطاطس مقلية
🍔fillet steak شرائح لحم من خاصرة البقرة
🍔fish and chips سمك وبطاطس مقلية
🍔fish pie فطيرة السمك
🍔Full English breakfast فطور إنجليزي كامل
🍔green salad سلطة خضراء
🍔lasagne لازانيا
🍔mixed grill مشاوي مشكلة
🍔mixed salad سلطة مختلطة
🍔pizza بيتزا
🍔poached eggs بيض مسلوق
🍔pork chops قِطع لحم خنزير
🍔roast beef لحم بقر مشوي
🍔roast chicken دجاج مشوي
🍔roast duck بطّ مشوي
🍔roast pork لحم خنزير مشوي
🍔salad سلطة
🍔sandwich شطيرة
🍔sausage and mash سجق وبطاطس مهروسة
🍔scampi سكامبي (طعام بحري)
🍔scrambled eggs البيض المخفوق
🍔shepherd's pie فطيرة الراعي
🍔sirloin steak شرائح بحم من خاصرة البقرة
🍔soup شوربة
🍔spaghetti bolognese معكرونة بصلصة فيها لحم بقر
🍔steak and chips شرائح لحم وبطاطس مقلية
🍔steak and kidney pie فطيرة شرائح وكبد
🍔stew يخنة
🍔toasted sandwich شطيرة محمصه

═══
‎مفردات مفيدة اخرى

🔅ingredient عنصر
🔅recipe وصفة
🔅to cook لطهي
🔅to lay the table أو to set the table ليجهز طاولة الطعام
🔅to clear the table ليخلي طاولة الطعام
🔅to come to the table ليقدم طاولة الطعام
🔅to leave the table ليغادر طاولة الطعام
🔅to wipe the table ليمسح طاولة الطعام
🔅to prepare a meal ليحضر وجية طعام

Test your Article knowledge; Use a/an/the as needed

1. John bought _ new car last week. Unfortunately, _car broke down after just two days.

2. We went to ____ movie yesterday. Even though it got _ good reviews, _movie was absolutely terrible. I was so mad, I went to____ box office and asked for my money back.

3. Our teacher gave us___ test today. It was___ really hard test. There were questions on there which I didn't even understand.

4. Excuse me, is there___ post office around here? I need to buy___ stamp.

5. We have___ beautiful lake behind our house. Every winter, ____lake freezes over and we can go ice skating. When I was _ kid, I used to spend hours skating back and forth across__ ice.

Results would be published after 24 hours.

@Emitterofhopebot

Do not waste your time sleeping late. Wake up early and work hard to make your dream come true.

لا تضيع وقتك بالنوم المتأخر، انهض باكراً واشتغل بجهد كبير واجعل احلامك تتحقق.



Let go of all negativity inside of you. Look towards the future with hope and optimism. Wishing you a very good morning.

اترك كل السلبيات في حياتك، وتطلع نحو المستقبل بآمآل وتفائل، صباح الخير.


الأ صدقاء الحقيقيون كالنجوم ، لا تراها دوماً ؛ لكنك تعلم أنها موجودة في السماء

‏Good friends are like STARS You don’ t always see them, but you know they are ALWAYS THERE


أسعد نفسك بنفسك وأسقِط كل من أتعب قلبك !
Make yourself happy and bring down everyone who made your heart tired !


cry, forgive, learn, continue, make your tears the seeds of your happiness
"أبكي ، سامح ، تعلم ، أستمر ، أجعل دموعك بذور سعادتك في المستقبل"♥️
h

لا تَحكُم بالمظاهر قد يكون هناك قلب غني تحت مِعطف فقير.

‏Don't judge by appearance ; a rich heart may be under a poor coat


Your dream hasn’t had an expiration date take deep breathe and try again ⛅️ .

حُلمك ليس لهُ تاريخ انتهاء، خذ نفسًا عميقًا وحاول مرةً أخرى ⛅


Yᴏᴜʀᴇ ʟɪғᴇ ɪsɴ'ᴛ ʏᴏᴜʀs ɪғ ʏᴏᴜ ᴀʟᴡᴀʏs ᴄᴀʀᴇ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀs ᴛʜɪɴᴋ 💭.

حياتك ليست ملكك اذا اهتممت بما يقوله الآخرون 💭.


إذا كنت لا تخاف مما سيقوله الناس فأنت قد اجتزت المرحلة الأولى للنجاح.

- If you are not afraid of what people will say, then you have passed the first stage of success.

⚡️Further reading on the Present (Simple and Continuous) Tenses for Future⚡️


We can use the Present Continuous ( I am doing) and the Present Simple (I do) to talk about future events:



♥️ Present Continuous for future♥️



♦️ Arrangements / Plans:
(something that you have already decided to do and you have made some preparations for it). Usually, more than one person is aware of the event and some preparations have already happened.

- I am coming to your home tonight. (Both you and I know that).

- I am meeting Sarah at the railway station tomorrow.




♦️Actions in the immediate future:

(We also use the present continuous for an action just before we start to do it. This happen especially with verbs of movement (go/come/leave etc.):

- Are you ready? Yes, I'm coming.

- It's getting late. I'm leaving.





♥️ Present Simple for future ♥️


♦️ Schedules / Fixed Timetables:

(Something that always occurs at the same time - usually for airports, schools, companies etc.)


- The plane leaves tomorrow at 5 pm. (it always leaves at 5 pm on Mondays).

- The meeting starts at 10:00 am every Sunday.

⚡️Further reading on used to⚡️


♦️ We use "used to" when we refer to things in the past which are no longer true. It can refer to repeated actions or to a state or situation:

For example:

- I used to have long hair (but now I have short hair).

- He used to smoke (but now he doesn't smoke).

- They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).

- He used to play football for the local team, but he’s too old now.





♦️ Negative: didn’t use to:

The negative of "used to" is most commonly "didn’t use(d) to". Sometimes we write it with a final -d, sometimes not. Both forms are common, but many people consider the form with the final -d to be incorrect, and you should not use it in formal writing:


- It didn’t use to be so crowded in the shops as it is nowadays.

- I didn’t used to like broccoli when I was younger, but I love it now. (Don’t use this form in exams, because it is informal.)



In very formal styles, we can use the negative form "used not to":

- She used not to live as poorly as she does now.





♦️Questions:

The most common form of question is the auxiliary "did" + use(d) to. Many people consider the form with a final -d to be incorrect, and you should not use it in formal writing:

- I think we met once, a couple of years ago. Did you use to work with Kevin Harris?

- Didn’t she used to live in the same street as us? (Don’t use this form in written Academic exams.)




♦️ Emphatic "did"
We can use the emphatic auxiliary "did" with "used to":

- We never used to mix very much with the neighbours, but we did used to say hello to them in the street. (Don’t use this form in written Academic exams.)





♦️"used to" or "be used to"?
"used to" (when used as a verb) refers to actions and situations in the past which no longer happen or are no longer true. It always refers to the past:

- She used to sing in a choir, but she gave it up. (She sang, but she doesn’t sing any more)

"be used to" (when used as an adjective) means ‘be accustomed to’ or ‘be familiar with’. It can refer to the past, present or future. We follow "be used to" with a noun (phrase), a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb "the gerund":


- I work in a hospital, so I’m used to long hours. (I am accustomed to/familiar with long hours.)

- She lives in a very small village and hates traffic. She’s not used to it.

- I'm used to getting up early, so I don't mind doing it (= getting up early is normal for me, it's what I usually do).




♦️Note that we make the negative or the question with the verb 'be' in the normal way. The 'used to' doesn't change:

- Lucy isn't used to staying up late, so she's very tired today.


- Are your children used to walking a lot?



♦️ We can use 'get used to + verb-ing' (which is considered more formal than "be used to") to talk about the change of not normal to normal. We can also use this in any tense:


- Don't worry if your new job is hard at first. You will get used to it.

- It took me a few months to get used to living in Japan. At first everything seemed very different, but then gradually it became normal for me.

⚡️Further reading on the differences between Have and Have got⚡️

♦️ 1- When we are talking about possession, relationships, illnesses and characteristics of people or things we can use either "have" or "have got":

* I have two sisters. ✅
* I have got two sisters. ✅

* She has blue eyes. ✅
* She has got blue eyes. ✅



♦️ 2- ONLY Have is correct when talking about actions, experiments or things that we do (In these cases, 'have got' is NOT allowed:

* I usually have dinner at 8 o’clock. ✅
* I usually have got dinner at 8 o’clock. ❌

* I have a shower every day. ✅
* I have got a shower every day. ❌



♦️ 3- "Have got" is for Spoken English

Use "have got" in spoken English.
Use "have" in your formal written English (business correspondence, etc.).

If you are writing an informal message to your friends - on Facebook, for example - "have got" is fine.

* I have got a car. (Informal) ✅

* I have a car. (More formal) ✅



♦️ 4- Note that "have got" is NOT the present perfect of "get".

With "have got" we don’t use helping verbs such as do and don’t to form questions and negatives:

+ He has got a beautiful house.
- He has not got a big house.
? Has he got a beautiful house?


While with "have" we do use the helping verbs "do or does" to form questions and negatives:

+ He has a beautiful house.
- He does not have a big house.
? Does he have a beautiful house?



♦️ 5- "Have got" only exists in the Present Simple Tense. We don’t use it in the continuous, past or future tenses.

* He has a problem. ✅
* He has got a problem. ✅


* He had a problem. ✅
* He had got a problem. ❌

* He will probably have a problem. ✅
* He will probably have got a problem. ❌



♦️NOTE-1:

"Have got" is NOT normally used in the simple past tense "had got"; it is not considered correct to say:

* Last year we had got a house in the city. ❌

Rather, "had" alone is used as the simple past. "Had got" is normally heard as an even more colloquial version of "have got".



♦️NOTE-2:
The "have" in "have got" is almost always contracted (e.g. I've got, he's got, John's got).

In the sense of to be obliged, the "have" is sometimes not contracted when "got" or the subject is stressed in the sentence:

* I have got to go there.
* I've got to go there.

(The two examples above are both common but "I've got to go there." is almost exclusively preferred in spoken English over "I have got to go there.").



♦️NOTE-3:

While "have got" and variants are common colloquial usage, in most cases the "got" is redundant and can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence.


When "have got" or "has got" is used as the Present Perfect of get, then got should be retained.

Example: "She has got under my skin".

((In American English, one normally says "have gotten" or "has gotten" when forming the present perfect of "get", but nevertheless one uses "have got" or "has got" when the meaning is "to have".

In British English, "got" is employed in both usages.

76 Instead of, etc. + -ing.

❌Don't say: He went away instead to watt.

✅Say: He went away instead of waiting.

77 Capable of + -ing.

❌ Don't say:They're quite capable to do that

✅ Say: They're quite capable of doing that.

Sentences are given in direct speech. Change them into indirect (reported) speech.

1. Rahul said to Meera, ‘Will you marry me?’

2. I said to Veena, ‘You look nice.’

3. ‘I can’t swim,’ said Ravi.

4. Alice said, ‘I’m learning French.’

5. ‘I have forgotten to bring my textbook,’ said the boy.

6. Gauri said to Manu, ‘Your brother phoned.’

7. Rohan said, ‘I don’t like this party.’

8. My mother said to me, ‘You can’t go out now.’

9. Ravi says, ‘I don’t want to play anymore.’

10. He said, ‘I have had enough.’


Answers
●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬●

1. Rahul asked Meera if she would marry him.

2. I told Veena that she looked nice.

3. Ravi said that he couldn’t swim.

4. Alice said that she was learning French.

5. The boy said that he had forgotten to bring his textbook.

6. Gauri told Manu that his brother had phoned.

7. Rohan said that he didn’t like that party.

8. My mother told me that I couldn’t go out then.

9. Ravi says that he doesn’t want to play anymore.

10. He said that he had had enough.

♦️ 1. Duration Before Something in the Past:

We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the past perfect continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.

a. They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

b. Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.



♦️2. Cause of Something in the Past:

Using the past perfect continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

a. The pavement was wet. It had been raining.

b. Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.



♦️3. Repeated Actions:

(We use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense for repeated actions to say for how long the action had been occurring before another past action i.e. with mentioning the duration of repetition):

a. I had been getting this magazine every week for a year before I unsubscribed.

b. She had been going to school every morning for two months before she travelled abroad.

♦️ 1- An action that happened (or never happened) before another action in the past:


a- When we arrived, the film had started.
(= 1st the film started, 2nd we arrived)

b- My father retired last year. He had worked for the same company all his life.
(= 1st he worked, 2nd he retired)

c- I had never met her before yesterday's party.

(( We usually use the past perfect to make it clear which action happened first. Maybe we are already talking about something in the past and we want to mention something else that is further back in time. This is often used to explain or give a reasons for something in the past.))


a- It had felt ill in the night, so I didn't go to school.
(= 1st I felt ill, 2nd I did not go to school)



♦️ 2- An action that happened before a specific time in the past:

a- By 2000, many people had emigrated because of starvation.
(People had emigrated before 2000)

b- She had got married by the time she was 22 years old.
(She got married before she was 22 years old)

(( Something that started in the past and continued up to another action or time in the past. The past perfect tells us 'how long', just like the present perfect, but this time the action continues up to a point in the past rather than the present. Usually we use 'for + time'. We can also use the past perfect continuous here, so we most often use the past perfect simple with stative verbs.))

a- When he graduated, he had been in London for six years.
(= He arrived in London six years before he graduated and lived there until he graduated, or even longer.)

b- On the 20th of July, I had worked here for three months.


♦️ 3- Third conditional + wish

To talk about unreal or imaginary things in the past. In the same way that we use the past simple to talk about unreal or imaginary things in the present, we use the past perfect (one step back in time) to talk about unreal things in the past. This is common in the 'third conditional' and after 'wish'.

a- She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.

b- I wish I hadn't gone to bed so late!


♦️ chronological order of tenses with "before", "after" and "by"


- Simple Past after Past Perfect:
a- He watched TV after he had finished his homework.


- Past Perfect before Simple Past:
a- She had cooked before she went out with her friends.

- Past Perfect by Simple Past:
a- They had already left by the time we arrived.


♦️1- Remember:♦️
There is no need to use the Past Perfect with "before" or "after". We can use the Simple Past in both clauses because the relationship between the two actions is already clear with "before" and "after".

a- She had not finished cleaning the house before the guests arrived.
or
b- She did not finish cleaning the house before the quests arrived.


♦️2- Remember:♦️
With the adverb of time "when", if the Simple Past tense is used in both clauses, then the the verb in the "when-clause" is the verb that happens first:

a- When I arrived, we had dinner.
(1st- I arrived, 2nd we had dinner)

b- When I arrived home, my mother cooked dinner.
(1st- I arrived, 2nd my mother cooked)


But, when we use the Past Perfect in one of the two clauses, then the Past Perfect verb is the verb that happens first.

a- When I arrived, they had had dinner.
(1st- they had had dinner, 2nd I arrived)

b- When I arrived home, my mother had cooked dinner.
(1st- had cooked, 2nd I arrived)


♦️3- Remember:♦️
Don't use the Past Perfect Tense if you don't have a Simple Past Action / Time that you need to go further back in time before it.

- I had finished my homework. (seems unnatural)
- I had finished my homework before I watched TV. (more natural)

⚡️Further Notes on the differences between Present Perfect and Past Simple⚡️

♦️ Use the simple past when the action started in the past, finished in the past, and is not continuing now.

♦️ Use the present perfect when the action started in the past and is continuing now (or even if it has finished, usually finishes in the recent past and has a result on now).

The simple past tells us that an action happened at a certain time in the past, and is not continuing anymore. It tells us when an action happened, so more information needs to be given with this verb form, such as when the action took place.

The present perfect tells us that an action started in the past and it is still happening now, or it is something that happens regularly. We may need more information to tell us how long it has been going on. It may also tell us that the time period it started in is still going on.

The following example sentences show the different meanings when using the two verb tenses.


♦️ The sun rose at 6:00 am.
(Simple Past: We know that the sun came up at a time in the past and it is not rising now. The sun may or may not be in the sky when this statement is made. The time is important to add.)

♦️ The sun has risen.
(Present perfect: We know that the sun already rose, and it is still in the sky now.)



♦️ Jackson ate lunch early.
(Simple Past: Eating lunch has started and ended in the past. Someone might say this when the time for eating lunch has also ended. Lunch happened early, and it is over now.)

♦️ Jackson has eaten lunch.
(Present Perfect: Jackson started and finished eating lunch in the past, but lunch time is still going on. Someone might say this when others are preparing to eat lunch, and they want to know whether Jackson will join them.)



♦️ Jeff was friends with Kelly when he was a kid.
(Simple Past: This tells us that Jeff is not friends with Kelly anymore, and the additional information tells us when he was friends with her in the past.)

♦️ Jeff has been friends with Kelly since he was a kid.
(Present perfect: This tells us that Jeff was friends with Kelly before now and is still friends with her now. The friendship is continuing, and the additional information tells us how long it has been going on.)



♦️ She lived in Paris for a year.
(Simple Past: This action started and finished in the past. She no longer lives in Paris. It is important to know the action lasted for a year.)

♦️ She has lived in Paris for a year.
(Present perfect: This action started in the past and is still going on now; it has not finished. She lives in Paris now, and additional information tells us how long she has lived there.)



♦️ Laila ran two marathons last year.
(Simple Past: We know Meg ran two marathons in the past, and the time period the action started in and finished in—last year—has ended.)

♦️ Laila has run two marathons this year.
(Present perfect: We know Meg started running marathons this year. However, this year has not ended and she may run more marathons before the end of the year.)


💫💫 The golden rule is that: 💫💫

1- Don't use the Present Perfect with specific past time.
2- Don't use the Present Perfect with finished time periods.

✅ John had breakfast this morning.
(We are now in the afternoon or evening. The morning period is finished.)

✅ John has just had breakfast this morning.
(We are still in the morning period.)


✅ Mozart composed more than 600 pieces of music.
(Mozart is dead, and he no longer composes music.)

❌ Mozart has composed more than 600 pieces of music.
(Mozart is dead but this sentence would suggest that he is still alive. That's why it is an incorrect sentence.)

Complete the following sentences using an appropriate tense form.

1. The contractor says he ……………………… the roof by Friday. (finish)

2. I ………………….. you a Barbie doll for your birthday. (give)

3. The summer term …………………. in April. (start)

4. When you phoned I ……………………… in the garage. (work)

5. Rahul ……………….. a window last night. (break)

6. Regularly every summer, she ……………….. in love. (fall)

7. I …………………. James yesterday morning. (see)

8. He …………………. me that he …………………….. to Brazil. (tell, go)

9. As I ………………… down the road, I saw James. (walk)

10. I ………………… in Rome for ten years while I ………………….. a child. (live, be)


Answers
●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬●

1. The contractor says he will have finished the roof by Friday.

2. I will give you a Barbie doll for your birthday.

3. The summer term starts in April.

4. When you phoned I was working in the garage.

5. Rahul broke a window last night.

6. Regularly every summer, she fell in love.

7. I saw James yesterday morning.

8. He told me that he was going to Brazil.

9. As I was walking down the road, I saw James.

10. I lived in Rome for ten years while I was a child.

Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the word given in the brackets.

1. The punch contained only an ……………………. amount of alcohol. (infinite)

2. Temper tantrums in an adult are ……………………. (infant)

3. The speaker’s ………………… remarks almost started a riot. (inflame)

4. His …………………. temper got him in trouble. (inflame)

5. You must get over your ……………………. with her. (infatuate)

6. The crew felt unsafe with an …………………. pilot. (experience)

7. The citizens’ lobby was …………………… in changing the election laws. (influence)

8. A large ……………….. made him independently wealthy. (inherit)

9. He has no ………………… about disagreeing with his boss. (inhibit)

10. Poor management is …………………… to a business. (injury)


Answers
●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬●

1. The punch contained only an infinitesimal amount of alcohol.

2. Temper tantrums in an adult are infantile.

3. The speaker’s inflammatory remarks almost started a riot.

4. His inflammable temper got him in trouble.

5. You must get over your infatuation with her.

6. The crew felt unsafe with an inexperienced pilot.

7. The citizens’ lobby was influential in changing the election laws.

8. A large inheritance made him independently wealthy.

9. He has no inhibitions about disagreeing with his boss.

10. Poor management is injurious to a business.

Warn (a person) of danger, not about danger.

❌Don't say: They were warned about the danger.

✅Say: They were warned of the danger.




Write in ink, not with ink.

❌Don't say: I've written the letter with ink.

✅Say: I've written the letter in ink.

💡Idiom:
To get in/to get on

🧐Means:
To enter or to board a vehicle To get in is used for cars; to get on is used for all other forms of transportation.

✅Examples:
- It's easiest to get in the car from the driver's side. The door on the other side doesn't work well.
- I always get on the bus to work at 34th Street.

Idiom:
To get out of/to get off.

🤔Means:
To leave or to descend from a vehicle.
To get out of is used for cars; to get off is used for all other forms of
transportation.

✅Examples:
- Why don't we stop and get out of the car for a while?
- Helen got off the train at the 42nd Street terminal.

Translate into, not to.

❌Don't say; Translate this passage to English.

✅Say: Translate this passage into English.

Tremble with cold, etc., not from cold. etc.

❌Don't say: The man was trembling from cold.

✅Say :The man was trembling with cold.