*Translated words:*

1_ boundary = حدود
2_ invaded = غزا
3_ policy = سياسة
4_ proclaimed = أعلن
5_ independence = استقلال
6_ trading = تجارة
7_ sailors = بحارة
7_ deserters = هاربين من الجيش
8_ Navy = البحرية
8_ expanding = التمدد
9_ tribes = قبائل
10_ encouraging = يشجع
11_ colonies = مستعمرات
12_ outnumbered = يفوق العدد
13_ troops = حشود
14_ leadership = القيادة
15_ inspire = ألهم
16_ energetic = نشيط
17_ ally = حليف
18_ scattered = مشتت
19_ battles = معارك
20_ invasions = غزو
21_ defeated = هزم
22_ treaty = معاهدة
23_ claimed = زعم
24_ recognition = اعتراف

🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

Phrasal verbs that you should know:

1. Call off = cancel
2. Turn down = reject
3. Bring up = mention
4. Come up= arise/ produce
5. Hand over = relinquish / give a chance
6. Take over= take control /responsibility
7. Take up= require
8. Get on= continue / have a good relationship
9. Talk over = discuss / interrupt
10. Use up = exhaust / use completely
11. Look forward to = await
12. Go on = continue
13. Catch up = discuss latest news
14. Fill in = complete
15. Hand in = submit
16. Look up= find/search
17. Look into = check/ investigate
18. Figure out = understand / solve
19. Go over = review
20. Show up = arrive
21. Ring up= call
22. Go back = return to a place
23. Pick out= choose
24. chip in = help
25. Break in on = interrupt
26. Come apart = separate
27. Go ahead = start / proceed
28. Cut in = interrupt
29. Own up= confess
30. Figure out = discover
31. Get back = return
32. Get away = escape
33. Work out= exercise
34. Hang in = stay positive
35. Put down = insult
36. Pass out = faint
37. Leave out = omit/ skip
38. Show off = boast / brag
39. Peter out = finish / come to an end gradually
40. Lay off= dismiss
41. Take on = employ( someone)
42. Cross out = delete / cancel / erase
43. Sort out = solve
44. Make out = understand / hear
45. Abide by = follow ( a rule / decision / instruction)
46. Pile up = accumulate
47. Pig put = eat a lot
48. Pick up = collect
49. mix up = confuse
50. Make of = understand / have an opinion
51. Opt for = choose
52. Pass back = return
53. Patch up = fix/ make things better
54. Plump for = choose
55. Polish off = finish / consume
56. Decide upon = choose / select
57. Die down = decrease
58. Get along = leave
59. Hook up = meet ( someone)
60. Jack up= increase sharply
61. Kick about = discuss
62. Talk about = discuss
63. Kick out = expel
64. Lay on = organise/ supply
65. Link up = connect /join
66. Make after = chase
67. Make away with = steal
68. Big up = exaggerate the importance
69. Blow up = explode
70. Book in = check in at a hotel
71. Call up= telephone
72. Cap off = finish / complete
73. Care for = like
74. carry off = win/succeed
75. Carry on = continue
76. Add on = include
77. Ask over = invite
78. Back away = retreat / go backwards
79. Back off = retreat
80. Bag out = criticize
81. Bull up = confuse / complicate
82. Bear on = influence / affect
83. Give up = quit / stop trying
84. Keep on = continue
85. Put off = postpone
86. Turn up = appear suddenly
87. Take after = resemble
88. Bring up = raise (children)
89. Fill out = complete a form
90. Drop out of = leave school
91. Do over = repeat a job / task
92. Fill up = fill to capacity
93. Look over = examine / check
94. Put away = save / store
95. Put out = extinguish
96. Set up = arrange/ begin
97. Throw away = discard
98. Cut down on= curtail ( expenses)
99. Try out = test
100. Turn off = repulse
101. Call on = visit
102. Go through = use up/ consume
103. Check up on = examine / investigate
104. wait on = serve
105. get rid of = eliminate/ eradicate/ erase
106. Get through with = finish
107. Look down on = despise
108. Look up to = respect & admire
109. Make sure of = verify
110. Put up with = tolerate
111. Run out of= exhaust supply
112. Think back on = recall/ remember
113. Walk out on = abandon
114. Get by= survive
115. Get up = arise
116. Grow up = get older
117. Walk up = arouse from sleep
118. Back up = support
119. Make up for = compensate

🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

urs.
2⃣. For expressing probability.
*Eg*. This book ought to be very useful.
3⃣. For expectations.
*Eg*. He ought to be at home now.

❤11. *_USED TO_*
Used To is used for:
1⃣. For repeated actions in the past.
*Eg*. We used to play a lot when we were younger.
2⃣. For expressing a discontinued habit.
*Eg*. I used to study a lot in SSC.

❤12. *_NEED_*
Need is used for:
1⃣. For necessity or obligation.
*Eg*. I need hardly to go.

🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

Uses of Modal verbs and their usage.

*Modal Verbs*
"Verbs, used with another verb to show/express permission, ability, possibility, suggestions etc".
*Examples*
Modal verbs/modal auxiliaries include the following:

❤1. *_CAN_*
CAN is used for:
1⃣. For ability.
*Eg*. I can do this work.
2⃣. For permission.
*Eg*. You can go now.
3⃣. For request.
*Eg*. Can you translate this article for me please?
4⃣. For possibility. (Usually used in negative and interrogative sentences).
*Eg*. You can not get that book from Karachi.
5⃣. For anger.
*Eg*. Can you just shut up?
6⃣. For general truth.
*Eg*. By exercising daily, you can lose your weight.
7⃣. For offers.
*Eg*. Can I help you?

❤2. *_COULD_*
Could is used for:
1⃣. For past ability.
*Eg*. When I was in SSC, I could study for 7 hours daily.
2⃣. For past possibility.
*Eg*. The road could be blocked but the police reached in time.
3⃣. For polite way of asking.
*Eg*. Could I have my book back please?
4⃣. For uncertain possibility.
*Eg*. They could come any time.
5⃣. For suggestions.
*Eg*. We could have lunch outside today.
6⃣. For anger.
*Eg*. You could try to change it before my arrival.
7⃣. For suggestions.
*Eg*. You could go there before he had gone.

❤3. *_MAY_*
May is used for:
1⃣. For possibility (usually used in positive sentences).
*Eg*. It may rain today.
2⃣. For permission.
*Eg*. May I join you sir?
3⃣. For wish (usually in optative sentences).
*Eg*. May my mother live long.
4⃣. For request.
*Eg*. May I speak sir please?
5⃣. For prohibition.
*Eg*. You may not smoke in the office.

❤4. *_MIGHT_*
Might is used for:
1⃣. Possibility.
*Eg*. It might rain today.
2⃣. For politeness.
*Eg*. Might I take more?
3⃣. For suggestions.
*Eg*. I thought you might help me.

❤5. *_WILL_*
Will is used for:
1⃣. For future actions:
*Eg*. He will leave for India tomorrow.
2⃣. For willingness.
*Eg*. I will play with you.
3⃣. For asking something.
*Eg*. Will you give me your watch?
4⃣. For polite invitation.
*Eg*. Will you join me please?
5⃣. For anger.
*Eg*. Will you stop talking?
6⃣. For something possible.
*Eg*. Who is knocking the door? It will be Ali.
7⃣. For things, which usually happen.
*Eg*. It will last longer, if you used it carefully.
8⃣. For promise.
*Eg*. I will come there tomorrow.

❤6. *_WOULD_*
Would is used for:
1⃣. For a polite request.
*Eg*. Would you mind sitting here?
2⃣. For strong desire.
*Eg*. Would that I could see Quaid E Azam!
3⃣. For past habitual actions.
*Eg*. I would study very hard, when I was in Primary school.
4⃣. For typical behavior.
*Eg*. They always say we are busy. They would say that again.
5⃣. For reason.
*Eg*. Why would one miss such an offer?

❤7. *_SHALL_*
Shall is used for:
1⃣. For first person pronouns.
*Eg*. I/we shall go tomorrow.
2⃣. For a command (usually in 2nd or 3rd person).
*Eg*. You shall not enter to this room.
3⃣. For emphasis.
*Eg*. I shall kill you the day you abused me.
4⃣. For asking something.
*Eg*. Shall you forgive me?
5⃣. For permission.
*Eg*. Shall I collect the money from them Sir?

❤8. *_SHOULD_*
Should is used for:
1⃣. For something advisable.
*Eg*. If you can't sleep, you should go to a good physician.
2⃣. For expectations.
*Eg*. You should do it very easy.
3⃣. For a purpose.
*Eg*. Take umbrella lest you should get wet.
4⃣. For reason.
*Eg*. Why one should reject this offer?
5⃣. For advice.
*Eg*. You should not worry because he's alive.
6⃣. For expressing obligation or duty.
*Eg*. We should obey the law.
7⃣. For politeness.
*Eg*. I should like to help you.
8⃣. For supposition.
*Eg*. If it should rain, they will not come.

❤9. *_MUST_*
Must is used for:
1⃣. For necessary things.
*Eg*. You must study hard.
2⃣. For strong intention.
*Eg*. You must invite him.
3⃣. For emphasis.
*Eg*. I must say "you are great".
4⃣. For strong possibility.
*Eg*. He must be hungry.
5⃣. For obligation.
*Eg*. You must get up very early.
6⃣. For expressing logical certainty.
*Eg*. Living in so much crowd must be very difficult.

❤10. *_OUGHT TO_*
Ought To is used for:
1⃣. For expressing moral obligation or desirability.
*Eg*. We ought to love our neighbo

*_Essay Writing_* ✍🏻
.
*_مصطلحات لو حفظتها مع معانيها ستساعدك على كتابة افضل مقالة_* .
.
.
.——————————————.
.
1️⃣- *Opening* |الافتتاحية او البداية -المدخل

📝عندما نريد البدء في كتابة مقالة نستطيع استخدام احد المصطلحات التالية حسب نوع المقالة وحسب نوع المقدمة التي نريدها ض من المعنى .
.
◾️It is often said that....
◾️Many people claim that ...
◾️In this day and age ...
◾️Nowadays ...
◾️These days ...
.
.——————————————.

2️⃣- *Introduction* |المقدمة

📝عندما نريد كتابة المقدمة في المقالة غالباً ما نستخدم البعض من هذه الكلمات حسب معنى المقالة ...
.
◾️Firstly
◾️To start with ..
◾️First of all ...
◾️first and foremost..
.
◾️Secondly
◾️Thirdly
◾️Lastly
◾️Finally
◾️Last but not least

.
◾️Furthermore
◾️In addition
◾️What is more
◾️On top of that
.
◾️Another point worth noting is ..
◾️Another factor to consider .
.
.——————————————.

📝تقديم الأفكار وإعطاء الأمثلة
3️⃣- *Presenting ideas and giving Examples*
.
◾️When it come to noun/gerund ...
◾️In term of noun/gerund ...
◾️Not only ...but also ..
◾️With respect to noun/gerund
◾️According to experts ..
◾️Research has found that...
◾️There are those who found that ..
◾️There are those who argue that ..
◾️For instance/for example /such as ..
.
.——————————————.
.
📝التعبير عن السبب والنتيجة
4️⃣- *Expressing Result & Reason*
.
◾️As a result ...
◾️As a result of noun/gerund .
◾️Noun,gerund has let to/resulted in..
◾️Consequently..../Therefore .
◾️On account of noun/gerund .
◾️Due to noun/gerund .
◾️One reason behind this is ...
.——————————————.
.

5️⃣- *Contrasting* :التناقض .
.
◾️Although .
◾️Even though (Subject+Verb ).
◾️Despite/in Spite of(noun/gerund ).
◾️Despite the fact that (Subject+Verb ).
◾️On the one hand .
◾️On the other hand .
◾️However .
◾️Nevertheless .
◾️Even so .
.
.——————————————.
.
6️⃣- *Opinion* | الرأي .
.
◾️As far as I am concerned ...
◾️From my point of view .
◾️In my opinion .
◾️My own view on the matter is ....
.
.——————————————.
.
7️⃣- *Concluding* -الختام .
.
◾️To sum up ..
◾️In conclusion ..
◾️All things considered ..
◾️Taking everything into consideration .
◾️Weighing up both sides of argument..
◾️On the whole .
◾️By the large .
◾️In general .


🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~60 Most Important Abbreviations~_*


_BTW: By the way_

~CTN: Can’t talk now~

*CYE: Check your email*

_dI: Download_

~ETA: Estimated time of arrival~

*FWIW: For what it’s worth*

_FYI: For your information_

~GG: Good game~

~GJ: Good job~

~GL: Good luck~

gr8: Great

GTG: Got to go

GMV: Got my vote

HTH: Hope this helps

OT: Off topic

PC: Personel computer

pls: Please

POS: Parent over shoulder

ppl: People

Txt: Text

BRB: Be Right Back

B4N: Bye for Now

BCNU: Be seeing you

BFF: Best Friends Forever

CYA: Cover You’re A**

TY: Thank you

w/e: Whatever

W8: Wait

XOXO: Hugs and kisses

Y: Why

YOLO: You only live once

YNt: Why not

YW: You’re welcome

ZZZ: Sleeping

MMB: Message me back

msg: Message

NC: No comment

noob: Newbie

GMV: Got my vote

HTH: Hope this helps


LOL: laugh out loud

OMG: Oh my God

ILY: I love you

LMAO: laughing my a** off

TTYN: Talk to you never

~FBO: Facebook official~

_TTYS: Talk to you soon_

*HMB: Hit me back*

~SFW: Safe work work~

_PTFO: Passed the f** out_

*ASL: Age/Sex/Location*

~AFAIK: As far as I know~

_IMHO: In my humble opinion_

*IRL: In rela life*

~ISO: In search of~

_J/K: Just Kidding_

*L8R: Later*

~POV: Point of view~

_RBTL: Read between the lines_

*RT: Real time*

🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

نبذة عن اختبارTOEFL ITP

ما هو اختبار TOEFL ITP ?
- هو اختبار اثبات الكفاءة فى اللغة الانجليزية وهو عبارة عن اختبار ورقى - Paper-based test .

ما هى الجهة الرسمية التى يتبعها اختبار TOEFL ITP ?
- يعتبر اختبار TOEFL ITP تابع لمركز الاختبارات التربوى بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ETS , وهو اختبار يزودك بطريقة سريعة لاتخاذ القرارات فيما يتعلق بمهارات اللغة فى الأجزاء الأربعة وهى :-
Listening Comprehension - قسم الاستماع والفهم
Structure and Written Expression - قسم القواعد اللغوية والتعبير الكتابى
Reading Comprehension - قسم فهم القراءة
لذلك فهو اختبار ورقى ومعادل لاختبار التويفل iBT ولكن اختبار التويفل ITP لا يتضمن الجزء الخاص بالتحدث Speaking .
وهو اختبار معتمد دوليا ومحليا ويقبل نتائج هذا الاختبار كبديل لشرط القبول فى الجامعات المحلية والقطاعين الحكومى والخاص , بالاضافة الى أنة أصبح الزامى للحصول على الكادر الوظيفى والترقية لدى مختلف القطاعات الحكومية .

لماذا التقديم على اختبار التويفل TOEFL ITP ?
لأنة يعقد متى رغبت وفى أى مكان .
لأنة معتمد دوليا ومحليا .
لأنة يمنحك الفرصة لتقديم أكثر من اختبار فى حال عدم الحصول على الدرجة المطلوبة بعد الاختبار بأسبوع واحد . ( ملحوظة قد تتغير تلك المدة بناءا على تعليمات مركز الاختبارات التربوى الدولى ETS ) .
لأنة يبرز امكانياتك الوظيفية والمهنية لتكون متميزا فى سوق العمل أو الدراسة والتقديم بالجامعات بالخارج كشرط أساسى للقبول الأكاديمى أو المهنى .

يعطى اختبار TOEFL ITP في جلسة واحدة طولها حوالي ساعتين ونصف وتشمل الوقت اللازم للحصول على تعليمات الاختبار. يتكون الاختبار من ثلاثة أقسام:

الاستماع 30-40 دقيقة
القواعد اللغوية والتعبير الكتابي 25 دقيقة
القراءة 55 دقيقة
المجموع 115 دقيقة تقريبا

التعليمات أثناء التقديم على اختبار التويفل TOEFL ITP :
1.يمكن التسجيل لإختبار التوفل من خلال وحدة القبول والتسجيل.
2.على الطالب تعبئة الطلب بشكل كامل وواضح، ويجب أن يكتب اسمه كما ورد في وثيقة إثبات الشخصية التي سيستعملها يوم الامتحان. يتم رفض الطلبات غير الواضحة من قبل مركز اللغة الإنجليزية، وعلى الطالب تعبئة طلب جديد وتحديد موعد آخر.
3. في يوم الامتحان، يحضر الطالب الطلب والوصل المالي مع هوية جامعية أو أي اثبات شخصية رسمي يحمل صورة (هوية، رخصة قيادة، جواز سفر).
4.على الطالب الوصول قبل موعد الامتحان بـ30 دقيقة، ويغلق باب القاعة قبل بدء الامتحان بـ10 دقائق. ولايسمح للطالب بمغادرة قاعة الامتحان قبل انتهاء زمن الامتحان.

5.إذا لم يستطع الطالب التقدّم للامتحان لأي سبب كان، يمكنه استرداد الرسوم خلال فترة شهرين، أو يمكن أن يختار موعداً آخر.
6.أثناء الامتحان، إذا ارتكب الطالب أية مخالفة أو ضبط أثناء محاولة غش، يتم إلغاء امتحانه فوراً ودون سابق إنذار.
7.يتم الإعلان عن نتائج الاختبار خلال أسبوع من تاريخ عقد الاختبار عن طريق وحدة القبول والتسجيل ومركز اللغة الإنجليزية.
8.تكون نتائج اختبار TOEFL‐ITP صالحة لمدة سنتين من تاريخ الامتحان.

شرح مكونات اختبار التويفل TOEFL ITP( يتكون الاختبار من ثلاثة أقسام مختلفة ولكل قيم قياس المهارة المختلفة ) وهى :-
Listening Comprehension.1 - قسم الاستماع والفهم :-
Listening Comprehension measures the ability to understand spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities.

Structure and Written Expression.2 - قسم القواعد اللغوية والتعبير الكتابى :-
Structure and Written Expression measures recognition of selected structural and grammatical points in standard written English.

Reading Comprehension.3 - قسم فهم القراءة :-
Reading Comprehension measures the ability to read and understand academic reading material.


🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~{{{{Amount / number}}}~_*

*These two work in the same way as “less” and “fewer”, referring respectively to commodities and individual items.*

*_The rules:_*

*_“Amount” refers to a commodity, which can’t be counted (for instance water)._*

*“Number” refers to individual things that can be counted (for example birds).*

*_How not to do it:_*

*_A greater amount of people are eating more healthily._*

*_How to do it properly:_*

*_A greater number of people are eating more healthily.._*

*_The rain dumped a larger amount of water on the country than is average for the month._*



🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~{{{{Grammar ever and never
Ever·}}}}~_*

*_Difference Between Never and Ever. “Ever” and “never” are opposites of each other and have different usagesin the English language._*

*“Never” is used mostly in statements,*
_whereas “ever” is usually used while interrogating._

_“Ever” means “always, at all times,”_

*“Ever” used as an adverb and adjective ..*

“Ever” means “always, at all times,”
She is ever ready to help others.
It means continuously,

He started learning piano at four and has beenplaying ever since.
At any possible time;

Have you ever heard something like this?
At all, by any chance,

How did she ever do this?



*_~{{{Never..}}}~_*

*“Never” used as an adverb*

“Never” means, “at no time, not ever,”
She never lets anybody down.
It means “absolutely not,”

This program will never work.
“To no degree,”

He is never going to learn, no matter what.

*_Idioms_*
“Never” is also used in many idioms:
*Never mind meaning; don’t bother,*


🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_Useful phrases:_*

⁦◼️⁩ I am all ears كلى آذان صاغية
⁦◼️⁩ in a tight corner فى ورطة
⁦◼️⁩ in hot water فى ورطة
⁦◼️⁩ in a nutshell باختصار
⁦◼️⁩ pros and cons إيجابيات وسلبيات
⁦◼️⁩ he looks blue يبدو حزيناً
⁦◼️⁩ out of the blue فجأة وبدون توقع
⁦◼️⁩ a piece of cake سهل جداً
⁦◼️⁩ out of his head مجنون
⁦◼️⁩ out of this world رائع جداً
⁦◼️⁩ don't let me down لا تخذلنى
⁦◼️⁩ don't be a chicken لا تكن جبان
⁦◼️⁩ made my day جعلنى سعيداً



🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_As if + subject + .._*
*_As though + subject + .._*
~كما لو~

*_Look Like + subject +.._*
*_Sound like + subject +.._*
*_Feel like + subject +.._*
~يبدو كما لو~



~We can use these expressions to say how somebody or something seems.~

~نستخدم هذه التعابير لنقول كيف شيا ما او شخص ما يبدو~
For_example

That house Looks Like it's going to fall down.
ذلك المنزل يبدو كما لو انه سيسقط.

Najween sounded Like she was sick.
تيم بداء كما لو انه مريض.


*_You can also use as_if OR as_though in all these examples above without to change the meaning._*

That house looks as if it's going to fall down.
Tareq sounded as though he was sick.

*_~{{{Note}}}~_*
look + adjective
Sound + adjective
Feel + adjective
*يبدو*
You look tired.
تبدو متعب
شكلك تاعب
The song sounds nice .
تبدو الأغنية جميلة.

You Look Like you didn't study yesterday.
يبدوا انك لم تنم تذاكر البارحة.

*As if and as though are more formal than like.*

as if , as though أكثر رسمية من like
You can say ( lt looks like ... lt sounds like)
يبدو انه
Janat is very late, lt looks like she isn't coming.
جنات متأخرة جدا يبدو انها لن تأتي.

You can also use as (if or as though)

lt looks as if she won't come
يبدو كما لو انها لن تحضر
*_OR_*
lt looks as though she won't come.


*_After (as if , as though) we sometimes use the past when we are talking about the present._*

بعد as if , as through نحن نستخدم زمن الماضي عندما نتحدث عن الحاضر
_ #For_example:

¤_ They treat me as if I were their own son. (I'm not their son)
_ هم يعاملوني كما لو كنت ابنهم

She's speaking as if she were guiltles.

I don't like Ali. He talks as if he knew everything.
_ انا لا أحب علي هو يتحدث كما لو انه يعلم كل شي.

*The meaning is not past in this sentence. We use the past (as if he knew) because the idea is not real. Ali doesn't know everything.*



🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*All the treasures of the earth can’t replace a good friend.*

Voltaire

*_كل كنوز الأرض لا يمكن أن تحل محل صديق وفيّ._*

فولتير



🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*1. Accept v/s Except*
Accept means to receive
Except means not including

*2. A Lot v/c Alot*
A lot means to a large extent
Alot is not an English word

*3. All ready v/s Already*
All ready means prepared
Already means by this time

*4. Apart/ A part*
Apart is to be separated
A part if to be joined with

*5. Its v/s It's*
Its the possessive form of it
It's is a contraction for It is.

*6. Lie v/s Lay*
Lie means to not say a truth
Lay is to put something in place

*7. Your v/s You're*
Your is a possessive adjective. it shows possession
You're stands for You are.

*8.Precede v/c Proceed*
Precede means to come before
Proceed is to move forward

*9. Quote v/s Quotation*
Quote means to cite
Quotation is the act of citing

*10. Than v/s Then*
Than is used with comparisions
Then means at that time, or next

*11. Advise v/s Advice*
Advise is a verb and means to recommend something
Advice is a noun and means recommendations about what to do

*12. Allusion v/s Illusion*
Allusion is an indirect reference
Illusion is a false perception of reality

*13. Altogether/ Alltogether*
Altogether means entirely
All together is applied to people or things treated as a group or gathered with everything in one place

*14. Assent v/s Ascent*
Assent means to express approval or agreement
Ascent refers to an upward movement

*15. Capital v/s Capitol*
Capital is the city or town that is the seat of government
Capitol is the building in which the legislative assembly meets.

*16. Counsel v/s Council*
Council is the meeting for discussion or advice
Counsel means to give advice

*17. Lead v/s Led*
Lead means to guide someone towards something
Led is the past tense of lead.




🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺.

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*_~What is the difference between through, along and across?~_*



*As adverbs the difference between along and through.*

is that along is in company; together while through is from one side to the other by way of the interior.


*The English* _language sometimes has two words for something that is only one word in another_ _language, through and across are examples._
Essentially:

*_Through_*

*is used to talk about movement in an area which is accepted.*

_Along_


*is used when we consider movement in a linear direction,*

🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*5 Basic Types of Adverbs*

*Adverbs of TIME*
_never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, soon, sometimes, usually, so far_
I haven’t been going to the gym lately.
We recently bought a new car.

*Adverbs of PLACE*
_neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily_
We went into the cave, and there were bats everywhere!
One day when my dad wasn’t paying attention to where he was going, he walked into a wall.

*Adverbs of MANNER*
_neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily_
I politely opened the door for my grandmother as she stepped out of the car.
A fat orange and white cat rested lazily on the sofa.

*Adverbs of DEGREE*
_almost, quite, nearly, too, enough, just, hardly, simply, so_
Can I come to the movies too?
Aren’t you hungry? You’ve hardly touched your dinner.

*Adverbs of FREQUENCY*
_never, always, rarely, sometimes, normally, seldom, usually, again_
I rarely eat fast food these days.
Tom usually takes his dog for a walk before breakfast.




💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

IELTS Vocabulary: "CONFUSE"

🔹VERB 👉 CONFUSE
✏️ e.g :The information in travel guides sometimes confuses me.

The verb to confuse means to cause a person to be unable to understand something

🔹NOUN 👉 CONFUSION.
✏️ e.g :I missed my irplane flight because of some confusion about the time.

The noun confusion is sometimes used to describe a situation that lacks organization.
In the confusion after an earthquake,many people are separated from their families

🔹ADJECTIVE 👉CONFUSING / CONFUSED
✏️ e.g : The information was confusing.
✏️ e.g : I was confused.

The adjective confusing describes the thing that causes confusion.
The adjective confused describes the way a person feels because of it.

🔸These words also mean ‘’not being able to recognize the difference between two People or things. ‘’

My sons Kyle and Jason are twins. Their friends confuse the two of them.
The boys laugh at their friend’s confusion.

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

✅Ways to say “ PLEASE


📘If you would be so kind
Can you pass me that salt, if you would be so kind.

✅If you don’t mind
We’ll start now, if you don’t mind.

✅Kindly
Kindly send your response by the end of the day.

📕If that’s alright with you
We need to finish that in an hour, if that’s alright with you.

📘I’d love it if you could
I’d love it if you could help me here.


🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

English vocabulary


🔴 *Infallible* :
that never fails, doing what it is supposed to do
*🔴 Cannibal* :a person who eats human flesh
🔴 *Misogynist* :
a person who dislike women
🔴 *Misanthrope* :
a person who hates and avoids other people
🔴 *Inevitable* =that you can't avoid
🔴 *Altruist* :
someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well being
🔴 *Homicide* :
the crime of killing somebody deliberately
🔴 *Nepotism* :
giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power especially by giving them jobs
🔴 *Amateur* : a person who likes to take part in a sport
🔴 *Empathy* :
the ability to understand another person's feelings and experience
🔴 *Audible* :
that can be heard clearly
🔴 *Fidelity* =loyalty accuracy
🔴 *Anarchist* :
a person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary

*Recondite* :
obscure ,not easily understand

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

*MAKING THE DISTINCTION*

*Quite/ Fairly/Rather/Pretty*


Examples

The exam was *fairly* difficult.
The exam was *quite* difficult.
The exam was *rather* difficult.

QUITE
Quite is a little stronger than *fairly*, and *rather* is a little stronger than quite.

Rather
Rather is not very common in American English.

Pretty
Pretty has the same meaning and this is used in informal BrEng too.
The exam was *pretty* difficult.


In BrEng *quite* has two meaning:
I feel *quite* tired today. (Fairly tired). With adjectives that describes an extreme state. It means completely or absolutely.
Your essay is quite good_ ( fairly good- meaning, it could be better)
Your essay is quite good ( very good, especially when this is unexpected.)

In American English quite usually means something like 'very' not 'fairly' or 'rather'. *Pretty* is used instead for the sense.

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻
 ♨ get through — phrasal verb
 
💥get through something
1-👉 to use up a large amount of something

▷We got through a fortune while we were in New York!

2-👉to manage to do or complete something

▷Let's start — there's a lot to get through.


💥get through (something)
👉(British English) to be successful in an exam, etc.


💥get somebody through something
👉to help somebody to be successful in an exam

▷She got all her students through the exam.


💥get through (something) | get something through (something)
👉to be officially accepted; to make something be officially accepted

▷They got the bill through Congress.


💥get through (to somebody)
1-👉to reach somebody

▷Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don't get through to them.


2-👉to make contact with somebody by telephone

▷I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get through.


💥get through (to something)

👉(of a player or team) to reach the next stage of a competition

▷Gulbis has got through to the final.
🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺
#advanced_IELTS
#phrasal_verb
#vocabulary
#idiom

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future

🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻
🎯 Dogsbody

⇨ A person who is employed to do menial jobs only

▷ I’m sorry, but I won’t let you get away with treating me like your dogsbody any more.

▷ Initially, he was taken on just as a general dogsbody, which is why no-one can get over his promotion to Regional Manager.
🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺🔺
#advanced_IELTS
#phrasal_verb
#vocabulary
#idiom

• 𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎 • : @learning_for_future