​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 36-dars

Countable and uncountable nouns - Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar (3-qism)

Count nouns bilan birlikdagi yoki ko’plikdagi fe’llar va olmoshlar ishlatiladi. Noncount nouns bilan faqat birlikdagi fe’llar va olmoshlar ishlatiladi:

There is an apple. (singular)
There are some apples. (ko’plik)
There is some fruit. (fe’l birlikda)
I like that chair. (“that” birlikda).
She likes those chairs. (“those” ko’plikda)
I like that furniture. (that birlikda)
I like those furniture. (ishlatilmaydi)

So’roq gaplarda sanaladigan otlarni How many(nechta), sanalmaydigan otlarni esa How much(qancha) bilan so’rasak bo’ladi.

How many chairs are there? There is one chair
How many chairs are there? There are two chairs
How much furniture is there? There is a lot of furniture

Faqat sanaladigan otlar sonlar bilan ishlatilishi mumkin:

There is one camera. There are four cameras.

Sanalmaydigan otlar son bilan ishlatilmaydi:

There is some equipment. There is a lot of equipment.

Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni ajratib olsangiz Ingliz tili darajangiz bir pog’ona o’sdi deb hisoblavering.

👇 Quyidagi rasmda ba’zi bir so’z va birikmalar keltirilgan ular sanaladigan yoki sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatilishiga qarab farqlanadi. Ularni yod oling.

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 37-dars

Present perfect - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon

Ingliz tilidagi zamonlarning turlaridan yana biri present perfect deyiladi. Biror voqea o'tmishda boshlanib, hozir tugagan holat. Yoki oldinroq sodir bo'lgan, hozir ma'lum bo'lgan. Demak, o’tgan zamonda bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan present perfect ishlatiladi.

Bu zamonni ifodalash uchun egadan so'ng have/has so'zlarini ishlatib, harakat so'zlariga ied/ed/d o'tgan zamon qo'shimchalaridan birini qo'shamiz.
Formulasi:
Ega+have/has+V3(ied,ed,d)

Misol:
I have cleaned my shoes
- Men poyafzalimni tozaladim.(Ya'ni, hozirgina tozalab bo'ldim, kecha yoki undan oldin emas, yaqin vaqt oralig'ida tozaladim.)

Saida has lost her passport – Saida pasportini yo’qotdi (natijada hozir uning pasporti yo’q – natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi, ish harakatning qachon bajarilganligi esa aytilmayapti).

Temur has bought a new car – Temur yangi mashina sotib oldi (natijada hozir u yangi mashina minib yuribdi. Qachon sotib olgan? Vaqti ko’rsatilmayapti. Lekin natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi!).

Present perfectda irregular fe'llarning uchinchi ko'rinishi ishlatiladi.

Noto'g'ri fe'llar uch xil ko'rinishda bo'lishini aytib o'tganmiz:
1. Infinitiv
2. Past simple
3. Past participle

Masalan, past participleda "go" - gone bo'ladi. Ba'zi noto'g'ri fe'llarning 2- va 3-ko'rinishlari bir xil bo'lsa, ba'zilari uchchala formati uch xil bo'ladi.

Quyida o'sha noto'g'ri fe'llarning ba'zilarini keltiramiz:
be (am/is/are) - was/were - been
read - read - read
make - made - made
break - broke - broken
build - built - built
buy - bought - bought
do - did - done
drive - drove - driven.

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 38-dars

Present perfect (negative) - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon (inkor)

Present perfect zamonida inkor shaklidagi gaplarda «TO HAVE» fe’li shakllaridan keyin NOT inkor yuklamasi qo’yiladi.

Formulasi:
Ega+have/has+NOT+V3(ied,ed,d)

Kelinglar, o‘tgan darsda berilgan darak shaklidagi gaplarni inkor gaplarga aylantiramiz:

Saida has not lost her passport – Saida pasportini yo’qotmadi (natijada hozir uning pasporti bor, yo’qolmagan)

Temur has not bought a new car – Temur yangi mashina sotib olmadi (natijada hozir uning mashinasi yo’q)

I have not cleaned my shoes – Men oyoq kiyimlarimni tozalamadim (natijada ular hozir toza emas).

✅ Eslab qoling!

I + have = I’ve
You + have = you’ve
We + have = we’ve
They + have = they’ve
He + has = he’s
She + has = she’s
It + has = it’s
Have + not = haven’t
Has + not = hasn’t

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 39-dars

Present perfect (question) - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon (so‘roq)

Present perfect zamonida so’roq shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun «TO HAVE» fe’li (have yoki has) egadan oldinga o’tkaziladi.

Formulasi:
Have/has+Ega+V3(ied,ed,d)

Keling, o‘tgan darsdagi darak va inkor shaklidagi gaplarni bugun so’roq gaplarga aylantiraylik:

Has Saida lost her passport? – Saida pasportini yo’qotdimi? (Natijada hozir unda pasport yo’qmi?)

Has Temur bought a new car? – Temur yangi mashina sotib oldimi? (Natijada hozir unda yangi mashina bormi?)

Have you cleaned your shoes? – Siz oyoq kiyimlaringizni tozaladingizmi? (Ular hozir tozami?)

E’tibor bering, yoqoridagi so’roq gaplarda ish-harakat qachon sodir etilganligi emas, balki sodir etilgandan keyingi natija eng muhim hisoblanayapti. Shundan ham bilishingiz mumkinki, hozirgi tugallangan zamonda ish-harakat sodir etilgan vaqt muhim emas, bizga ish-harakatning natijasida hozir nima natija hosil bo’lganligi muhimdir.

Eslab qoling.
Hozirgi tugallangan zamon quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan birga ishlatiladi:

✅ already - allaqachon;
✅ yet – hali (inkor va so’roq gaplarda);
✅ since / for – …dan beri;
✅ never – hech qachon;
✅ ever – qachondir va boshqalar…

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​39-dars mavzusiga oid signal so'zlar va ularning talaffuzi

✅ already - allaqachon;
✅ yet – hali (inkor va so’roq gaplarda);
✅ since / for – …dan beri;
✅ never – hech qachon;
✅ ever – qachondir va boshqalar…

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 40-dars

Present perfect:
How long have you...?

"Present perfect"ning davomi.

How long have you been in London? - Qachondan beri siz Londondasiz?

✅ "How long" - qancha uzoq, qancha vaqt kabi tarjima qilinadi. Undan keyingi "have you" present perfectning "question" (savol) shaklida ishlatiladi. Undan so'ng "To be" fe'li keladi. "To be" hozirgi zamonda am/is/are, oddiy o'tgan zamonda was/were, present perfectda esa 3-ko'rinish "been" shaklida keladi. Demak, "How long have you been in London?" so'roq gapi shu tariqa hosil bo'ldi.
Javob berishda:
I have been in Londan since Monday
- Men dushanbadan beri Londondaman, deyish mumkin.

Savolda "have you" deyilsa, javobda "I have" deyiladi.
I va you o'rnida we, they, he, it kabi ko'rsatish so'zlari bo'lishi mumkin, javob berishda ham shunga qaraladi.

Misollar:
I have lived in Paris for 7 years.
I have been a vegetarian since I was a young boy.
I have worked for this company for 4 months.
I have loved you since the day I met you!
We have been married for 30 years.

Eslab qoling: Past simpleda ish-harakat o‘tgan zamonda boshlangan va tugagan bo‘ladi. Present perfectda esa ish-harakat o‘tgan zamonda boshlangan va hozir so‘zlab turgan vaqtimizda ham davom etayotgan bo‘ladi.

Taqqoslang:
I have studied French for 10 years. (present perfect)
(Men Fransiyada o‘qishni o‘n yil oldin boshlaganman va hozir ham o‘qiyabman.)
 
I studied French for 10 years. (past simple)

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 41-dars

Present perfect:
Have you ever...?

📋 Ever - Shu paytgacha, qachondir, ilgari, oldin ma'nolarini berib, perfect zamondagi fe'llar bilan so‘roq gaplarda qo‘llaniladi.

Hozirgi tugallangan zamonda savol berish:
Have you ever been to Rome
- Siz hech Rimda bo'lganmisiz?
Yes, I have. Many times
- Ha bo'lganman, ko'p marta.

Savol o'tgan zamondan to hozirga qadar bo'lgan muddat haqida so'ralyapdi. Voqea o'tgan zamonda bo'lgan, ammo ma'lumot hozirgi vaqtgacha bo'lgan zamonni ifodalaydi.
"Ever" (hech) bilan savol berilganda agar inkor qilmoqchi bo'lsak, "No, never" (yo'q, hech qachon) deyish kifoya qiladi.

I was looking for. Where have you been?
- Men sizni qidirayotgan edim.
Qayerda edingiz (shu paytgacha)?

Ushbu gap ham "present perfect" (hozirgi tugallangan zamon) hisoblanadi.

Have you ever been on TV?( Manosi: Qachondir TVda chiqqanmisiz?)
savoliga to‘g‘ri javoblar:

Yes, …
I have!
I’ve been on TV.
I’ve been on TV once in my life!
I’ve been on TV many times!

No, …
I haven’t.
I’ve never been on TV.
I’ve never done/tried it.

Taqqoslang:

Yes! I’ve been on TV. I was on TV in 2008.

Noto‘g‘ri javoblar:

❌: Yes, I have ever!
❌: Yes, I have ever been on TV!

Misollar:

Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
– Yes, I’ve tried sushi.
Qachondir yapon taomi yeganmisiz?
- Ha, Sushi tatib ko‘rganman.

Have you ever smoked a cigarette?
– No, I’ve never done that!
Qachondir sigaret chekkanmisiz?
- Yo‘q, Hech qachon bunday qilmaganman.

Have you ever been on a plane?
– Yes, I’ve been on a plane many times!
Qachondir samolyotda uchganmisiz?
- Ha, ko‘p marta samolyotda uchganman.

Have you ever read a Stephen King book?
– No. I don’t like scary books!
Qachondir Stiven King kitobini o‘qiganmisiz?
- Yo‘q, Men qo‘rqinchli kitoblarni yoqtirmayman.

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 42-dars

Present perfect: For, since, ago

Present perfectda vaqtni ifodalash.

Biror hodisa yoki holat qachondan beri, qancha vaqt avval yohud qaysi voqeadan oldin sodir bo'lganini ifodalash uchun for/since/ago so'zlaridan biri ishlatiladi.

O'tgan zamondan to hozirgacha bo'lgan vaqt oralig'ida ma'lum vaqt o'lchovi bilan belgilangan hodisani ifodalash uchun "for" qo'yiladi.4 yildan beri, 2 kundan beri, 6 soatdan beri, 3 haftadan beri, 1 oydan beri, 10 daqiqadan beri kabilar shular jumlasidandir.
Masalan:
Bobur has been in London for six days
- Bobur olti kundan beri Londonda.

Present perfect qoidasiga ko'ra "I have" formulasidan foydalanamiz. "I" o'rnida Bobur, have esa 3-shaxsda "has"ga aylanadi. Keyin "To be" fe'lining 3-formati "been" qo'yilyapdi. Keyin qayerdaligi yozilib, qachondan beriligi oxirida yozilyapdi.

Aniq bir vaqt ma'lum qilinib, o'shandan hozirga qadar, degan ma'no ifodalansa "for" o'rniga "since" qo'yiladi. Dushanbadan beri, apreldan beri, 9-oktabrdan beri, 2010-yildan beri, soat 12:00 dan beri kabilar shular jumlasidan. Ya'ni, boshlangan vaqti ma'lum qilingan, lekin hozirgacha qancha vaqt o'tgani ma'lum qilinmagan holatda "since" ishlatiladi:
Alisher has been in Canada since January
- Alisher yanvardan beri Kanadada.

Hodisa hozirgi vaqtdan qancha oldin sodir bo'lgani ma'lum qilinayotganda "ago" (oldin) so'zi ishlatiladi.1 yil oldin, 3 oy oldin, 5 minut oldin va hokazo:
He arrived in London 4 days ago
- U Londonga 4 kun oldin keldi.

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 43-dars

PAST PERFECT - O’tgan tugallangan zamon

PAST PERFECT o’zbek tilida "O’tgan tugallangan zamon", deb yuritiladi. Bu zamon o‘tgan darsda tushuntirib o’tilgan hozirgi tugallangan zamon ma’nosidek ma’no anglatadi, faqat birgina farqi – o’tgan zamonda.

🔥 Ta’rifi: O’tgan tugallangan zamon o’tgan zamondagi ma’lum bir ish-harakatgacha bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi o’sha o’tgan zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Buni qanday tushunish mumkin? Qarang:
Temur had left when I came to the party – Men bazmga kelganimda Temur ketgan ekan (Men bazmga o’tgan zamonda bordim, ammo borganimda Temur allaqachon, men borishimdan oldin ketgan ekan. Ish-harakat men borishimdan oldin bajarib tugatilib, men borganimda natijasi ko’rinib turgandi. Ya’ni, Temur u yerda yo’q edi).

Before he came to London, he had sold his car – Londonga kelishidan avval u mashinasini sotdi (U Londonga kelishi o’tgan zamondagi ish-harakat edi, ammo shu ish-harakat sodir bo’lishidan avval u mashinasini sotish ish-harakatini yakunladi. Mashinasini sotganligi u Londonga borganida bajarib tugatilib, natijasi ko’rinib turgandi, ya’ni uning mashinasi yo’q edi)

Demak, Past perfect zamonida darak shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun «TO HAVE» fe’lining o‘tgan zamon shakli bo‘lgan "had" fe'lidan foydalanamiz.

Formulasi:
🔥 Ega+had+V3(ied,ed,d)

🔥 I, she, he, it, you, we, they + had (short form - ’d) worked.

I had played
We had played
You had played
You had played
He / she / it had played
They had played

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 44-dars

PAST PERFECT (negative) - O’tgan tugallangan zamon (inkor)

PAST PERFECT O’tgan tugallangan zamon o’tgan zamondagi ma’lum bir ish-harakatgacha bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi o’sha o’tgan zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatilishini o‘tgan darsda aytib o‘tdik.

Past perfect zamonida inkor shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun "had" fe'lidan so‘ng "not" inkor yuklamasidan foydalanamiz.

Formulasi:
🔥 Ega+had+NOT+V3(ied,ed,d)

🔥 I, she, he, it, you, we, they + had (short form - ’d) not worked.

Misollar:

🚩 To‘g‘ri fe'llardan foydalanilganda:
I had not played with a ball.
You had not played with a ball.
He had not played with a ball.
She had not played with a ball.
It had not played with a ball.
We had not played with a ball.
You had not played with a ball.
They had not played with a ball.

🚩 Noto‘g‘ri fe'llarning uchinchi shaklidan foydalanilganda:
I had not gone home.
You had not gone home.
He had not gone home.
She had not gone home.
It had not gone home.
We had not gone home.
You had not gone home.
They had not gone home.

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 45-dars

PAST PERFECT (question) - O’tgan tugallangan zamon (so‘roq)

PAST PERFECT O’tgan tugallangan zamon o’tgan zamondagi ma’lum bir ish-harakatgacha bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi o’sha o’tgan zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatilishini o‘tgan darsda aytib o‘tdik.

Past perfect zamonida so‘roq shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun "had" fe'lini egadan oldinga olib o‘tamiz.

Formulasi:
🔥 Had+Ega+V3(ied,ed,d)+...?

🔥 Had + I, she, he, it, you, we, they + worked...?

Misollar:
Had he drunk coffee before he went to work?
- U ishga ketishidan avval kofe ichdimi?

Had they finished work before they left?
- Ular ketishlaridan oldin ishni yakunladimi?

🚩 To‘g‘ri fe'llardan foydalanilganda:

Had I played with a ball?
Had you played with a ball?
Had he played with a ball?
Had she played with a ball?
Had it played with a ball?
Had we played with a ball?
Had you played with a ball?
Had they played with a ball?

🚩 Noto‘g‘ri fe'llarning uchinchi shaklidan foydalanilganda:

Had I gone home?
Had you gone home?
Had he gone home?
Had she gone home?
Had it gone home?
Had we gone home?
Had you gone home?
Had they gone home?

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 46-dars

Past Perfect Tense - O’tgan tugallangan zamon (umumlashtirish darsi)

🔥 O’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatidan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakati yoki o’tgan zamondagi aniq bir vaqtdan oldin bo’lgan ish-harakati.
Misol:
We arrived at the station at 7.30, but the train had left.
- Biz vokzalga 7.30da yetib keldik, ammo poezd ketib qolgan ekan.

Formulasi:
(+) Subject+had+verb3

(?) Had+subject+verb3?

(-) Subject+had not+verb3

🔥 Eslab qoling: had = ‘d
I had left = I'd left

👉 (+)
I had spoken
He had spoken
She had spoken
It had spoken
We had spoken
You had spoken
They had spoken

👉 (-)
I had not spoken
He had not spoken
She had not spoken
It had not spoken
We had not spoken
You had not spoken
They had not spoken

👉 (?)
Had I spoken?
Had he spoken?
Had she spoken?
Had it spoken?
Had we spoken?
Had you spoken?
Had they spoken?

🔥 TAQQOSLANG
Past simple
I learned English at school. – Men maktabda ingliz tilini o‘rganganman.

Past perfect
I had learned English before I entered the university. – Men universiterga kirishda oldin ingliz tilini o‘rganganman


Past Perfect ning kalit so’zlari:

Before - oldin
After - keyin
Just - hozirgina
For - davomida
Since - dan buyon
till/until - gacha
When - vaqtda, ~da
by the time - ~gacha

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 47-dars

FUTURE PERFECT - KELASI TUGALLANGAN ZAMON

FUTURE PERFECT - kelasi zamonda ma’lum bir vaqtda biror ish harakatning bajarib tugatilgan bo’lishi va tugatilgan ish natijasi kelasi zamondagi o’sha vaqtda ko’rinib turishini anglatadi.

Masalan:
I will have cleaned the room by the time you come home – Siz uyga kelguningizcha men xonani tozalab bo’lgan bo’laman (Siz kelasi zamonda uyga kelasiz va Siz kelganingizda men xonani tozalab qo’ygan bo’laman. Kelganingizda, kelasi zamonda, ishimning natijasi ko’rinib turgan bo’ladi, ya’ni kelasi zamonda xona toza bo’lib turgan bo’ladi).

🔥 Formulasi:
Subject (ega) + will have+ past participle of the main verb (Ved, V3)
Misollar:
By the time her husband arrives home, she will have prepared dinner.
- Turmush o‘rtog‘i uyga kelgunicha, U tushki ovqatni tayyorlab bo‘lgan bo‘ladi.

I will have finished this task by the end of June
- Men iyunning oxirigacha bu vazifani tugatib bo‘lgan bo‘laman.

I will have finished my English homework by the time my mother arrives.
- Onam yetib kelgunicha, men ingliz tilidan uy vazifalarimni tugatib bo‘lgan bo‘laman.

Bo‘lishli shakl
Misollar:
I will have finished this book
You will have studied the English tenses
She will have cooked dinner
He will have arrived
We will have met JulieIt will have stopped raining
They will have left Japan

Qisqartma shaklda:
I'll have
You'll have
She'll have
He'll have
We'll have
It'll have
They'll have

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 48-dars

FUTURE PERFECT (negative) - KELASI TUGALLANGAN ZAMON (inkor shakli)

FUTURE PERFECT da inkor gap yasash uchun WILL yordamchi fe'lidan so‘ng NOT inkor yuklamasidan foydalanamiz.
🔥 Formulasi:
Subject (ega) + will + not + have+ past participle of the main verb (Ved, V3)

Masalan:
I guess, I won't (will not) have received your next letter before New year. - O‘ylaymanki, sizning keyingi maktubingizni yangi yildan avval ololmayman.

By the time her husband arrives home, she will not have prepared dinner.
- Turmush o‘rtog‘i uyga kelgunicha, U tushki ovqatni tayyorlab bo‘lmaydi.

I will not have finished this task by the end of June
- Men iyunning oxirigacha bu vazifani tugatib bo‘lmagan bo‘laman.

I will not have cleaned my room by evening. - Men kechgacha xonamni tozalab bo‘lmayman.
He will not have cleaned his room by evening. - U kechgacha xonasini tozalab bo‘lmaydi.
She will not have cleaned her room by evening. - U kechgacha xonasini tozalab bo‘lmaydi.
We will not have cleaned our room by evening. - Biz kechgacha xonamizni tozalab bo‘lmaymiz.
You will not have cleaned your room by evening. - Siz kechgacha xonangizni tozalab bo‘lmaysiz.
They will not have cleaned their room by evening. - Ular kechgacha xonasini tozalab bo‘lmaydi.

Qisqartma shaklda:
I'll not have
You'll not have
She'll not have
He'll not have
We'll not have
They'll not have

@learnenglish_uz

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​➡️ 49-dars

FUTURE PERFECT (question) - KELASI TUGALLANGAN ZAMON (so‘roq shakli)

FUTURE PERFECT da so‘roq gap yasash uchun WILL yordamchi fe'lini egadan oldinga olib o‘tamiz.

🔥 Formulasi:
Will + Subject (ega) + have + past participle of the main verb (To‘g‘ri fe'llarga -ed, Noto‘g‘ri fe'llarning uchinchi shakli)

Masalan:
Will they have painted the walls before we return? - Biz qaytishimizdan oldin, Ular devorlarni bo‘yab bo‘lgan bo‘lishadimi?

Will she have watched the movie by then? - O‘sha vaqtgacha u kinoni ko‘rib bo‘ladimi?

Will Guli have cleaned my room by evening? - Guli kechgacha xonamni tozalab bo‘ladimi?

By next year (keyingi yilgacha):

Will I have finished writing this book?
- Kitobni yozib tugatamanmi?

Will you have studied all the English verb tenses?
- Ingliz tilidagi barcha zamonlarni o‘rganib bo‘lasizmi?

Will she have graduated?
- U bitiradimi? (universitetni)

Will he have got married?
- U turmush quradimi?

Will it have got colder?
- Sovuqroq bo‘ladimi?

Will we have met your boyfriend?
- Do‘sting bilan uchrashamizmi?

@learnenglish_uz

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FUTURE PERFECT - KELASI TUGALLANGAN ZAMON (umumlashtirish darsi)

FUTURE PERFECT - kelasi zamonda ma’lum bir vaqtda biror ish harakatning bajarib tugatilgan bo’lishi va tugatilgan ish natijasi kelasi zamondagi o’sha vaqtda ko’rinib turishini anglatadi.

🔥 Formulasi:
Darak shakli:
👉Ega + will + have + Ved, V3...
Inkor shakli:
👉Ega + will + not + have + Ved, V3...
So‘roq shakli:
👉Will + ega + have + Ved, V3...?

Ved=To‘g‘ri fe'llarning -ed olgan shakli
V3=Noto‘g‘ri fe'llarning uchinchi shakli

Misollar:
I will have cooked (darak)
I will not have cooked (inkor)
Will I have cooked? (so‘roq)

⚠️ will + not = won’t

Future zamonlar bilan taqqoslaymiz

Future simple:
👉I will fly to New York. - Men Nyu-Yorkga uchaman (ish-harakat kelasi noaniq vaqtda sodir bo‘ladi)

Future continuous:
👉I will be flying to New this time. - Men Nyu-Yorkga uchayotgan bo‘laman (ish-harakat kelasi zamonning ma'lum bir vaqtida sodir bo‘lyabdi)

Future perfect:
👉I will have flown to New York by Friday. - Men jumagacha Nyu-Yorkga uchgan bo‘laman (ish-harakat kelasi zamondagi ma'lum bir vaqtgacha sodir bo‘lgan)

@learnenglish_uz

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🔥 Have / Have got

Have yoki have got - bor bo’lmoq, ega bo’lmoq degan ma’nolarni anglatadi.

Masalan: 
I have a book. Yoki I have got a book. - Menda kitob bor

Biz III shaxs birlik uchun (he, she, it) has ishlatamiz, qolgan barcha shaxslarga have ishlatiladi.
Masalan: 
She has got a pen. - Unda ruchka bor
He has apples.- Unda olmalar bor

"Have got"dan inkor yasalganda, have va got orasiga not yuklamasi qo’yiladi.
Masalan: I have not got a pen. - Menda ruchka yo’q

They have not got a dog in their house. - Ularning uyida it yo’q.

☝️Have got = ‘ve got
Has got = ‘s got
Have not got = haven’t got
Has not got = hasn’t got

Savol shaklini yasash uchun esa have yoki has egadan oldinga qo’yiladi.
Masalan: Have you got a pen? - Ruchkangiz bormi?

Has Guli got a brother? - Gulining akasi bormi?

Savollarga quyidagicha qisqa javob berish mumkin:
Have you got a pen?(Ruchkangiz bormi?)
Yes, I have (Ha)/ No, I haven’t (Yo‘q)

Has she got two pens? (unda ikkita ruchka bormi?)
Yes, she has (Ha) / No, She hasn’t (Yo‘q)

Darak gap:
👉He have got a new car.(=I’ve got a new car.)- Uning yangi mashinasi bor
Inkor gap:
👉He have not got a new car (=I haven't got a new car.)- Uning yangi mashinasi yo‘q.
So‘roq gap:
👉Have he got a new car?- Uning yangi mashinasi bormi?

@learnenglish_uz

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🔥 There is/There are

There is, there are - "u yerda bor" degan ma’noni bildirib, biror joyda biror nima borligini bildiradi.

Masalan: 
There is an apple in the fridge.
Xolodilnikda olma bor.

There is/are ni have/has dan farqi, have/has biror shaxsda yoki predmetda biror nima borligini bildirsa, there is/are esa biror yerda biror nima borligini bildiradi.

There’s a boat.
- U yerda qayiq bor.

There are three fish.
- U yerda uchta baliqlar bor.

Avvalgi darslarimizda, biz sizga “is” ni birlik “are”ni esa ko’plik uchun ishlatilishini aytib o’tgandik, xuddi shunday there is – birlikdagi otni, there are esa ko’plikdagi otlarni borligini ko’rsatish uchun qo’llaniladi.

Masalan:
There is a pen on the table. (stol ustida ruchka bor)

There are two pens on the the table. (stol ustida ikkita ruchkalar bor)

Biz there is/are dan inkor gap yasaganimizda to be fe’li (is/are) dan keyin not yuklamasi qo’yiladi va u yerda yo’q deb tarjima qilinadi.

Masalan:
There is not a pen in my bag. 
- Mening sumkamda ruchka yo’q.

There are not five flowers in the classroom.
- Sinfxonada beshta gullar yo’q.

Biz there is/are dan so’roq shaklini yasaganimizda esa to be fe’li (is/are) egadan oldinga qo’yiladi va u yerda bormi deb tarjima qilinadi.

Masalan: 
Is there a cat in your home? 
- Sizning uyingizda mushuk bormi?

Are there two copybooks in your bag?
- Sumkangizda ikkita daftaringiz bormi?

Ingliz tilida ko’pincha to be fe’lini qisqartmalaridan foydalaniladi.
There is/are ni quyidagicha qisqartirib foydalanish mumkin.
there is = there’s
there is not = there isn’t
there are not = there aren’t

@learnenglish_uz

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🔥 Ingliz tilida artikl

Artikl o’zbek tilida yo’q. Shuning uchun ingliz tilini birinchi marta o’rganayotgan kishi uchun artiklni tushunish bir oz qiyinroq bo’ladi. Ammo qo’rquvga berilmang, imkonsiz narsaning o’zi yo’q – yaxshi harakat qilsangiz, artiklni ham juda oson o’rganib olishingiz mumkin!

Artikl – bu ingliz tilidagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladigan kichik bir so’z.

Ingliz tilida otlar oldidan har doim artikl ishlatilishi kerak. Ba’zan esa otlar oldidan artiklning ishlatilmaslik holatlari ham bo’ladi. Bu darsdan ko’zlangan asosiy maqsad – artikl haqida umumiy ma’lumotga ega bo’lish, artikl turlarini bilib olish va artiklning ishlatilishini tushunib olishdir.

Ingliz tilida 2 hil artikl bor: NOANIQ ARTIKL (a/an) va ANIQ ARTIKL (the).

Noaniq artikl donalab sanaladigan, birlikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.

Noaniq artikl, o’z navbatida, ikki turga bo’linadi: A yoki AN noaniq artikli.

“A” noaniq artikli undosh tovush bilan (e’tibor bering: undosh harf bilan emas, tovush bilan!) boshlanuvchi, donalab sanaladigan birlikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.
Masalan: a computer, a dog, a helicopter, a cell-phone.

“AN” noaniq artikli esa unli tovush bilan boshlanadigan, donalab sanaladigan, birlikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.
Masalan: an apple, an accident, an umbrella, an instrument.

“A” yoki “AN” noaniq artikli so’zlovchi va tinglovchiga noma’lum bo’lgan, u haqida birinchi marta gapirilayotgan birlikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.

Noaniq artikl otlardan oldin ishlatilganda o’sha otning “bitta” ekanligini bildiradi.
Masalan: an apple – (bitta) olma, a computer – (bitta) kompyuter.

Ammo noaniq artikl to’g’ridan-to’g’ri “bitta” degan so’z tarjimasini bermaydi.

Artikl ingliz tilidagi eng muhim va eng katta mavzu hisoblanadi. Shu sababli artiklga oid darslarni bir necha qismlarga bo‘lib o‘tamiz. @learnenglish_uz ni kuzatib boring. Va tilni o‘rganishdan to‘xtamang.

@learnenglish_uz

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🔥 Ingliz tilida artikl (2-qism)

Ingliz tilida a/an noaniq artikli otlar oldidan ishlatilishi va bitta, bir degan ma’noda kelishini avvalgi darsda bilib oldik. Misol:
A book – kitob yoki bitta kitob. 
A pen – ruchka yoki bitta ruchka. 
An elephant – fil yoki bitta fil.

Agar gaplarda noaniq artiklning o‘rniga "one" (bir) so‘zini ishlatsak grammatik jihatdan xato bo‘lmaydi.

Misollar:
✅I'd like an orange and two lemons please.
✅I'd like one orange and two lemons please.

✅I need a kilogram of sugar.
✅I need one kilogram of sugar.

A/an artikli faqatgina bitta narsalarga ishlatiladi. Agar biron nimani ko’plikda aytmoqchi bo’lsak a/an ishlatilmaydi.

Misol: 
a book – two books  (kitob – 2ta kitoblar)
An elephant – three elephants (fil - 3ta fillar)
A dog – dogs (it - itlar)

Eslab qoling: A va an asosiy farqi a artiklini consonants (undosh harflar) oldidan an artiklini esa vowels (unli harflar) oldidan ishlatamiz.

Misol:
a ball (koptok), 
a pen (ruchka), 
a box (quti),
an ant (chumoli),
an owl (ukki), 
an ostrich (tuyaqush)

☝️Yodlash uchun yangi so’zlar: 
snake - ilon
ant - chumoli
frog - qurbaqa
octopus - sakkizoyoq
cow - sigir
insect - hashorot
bird - qush
lion - sher
alligator - timsoh
donkey - eshak
mouse - sichqon
fish - baliq
horse - ot
bee - asalari

👉Vazifa: Ushbu yangi so’zlarni "a" va "an" bilan yozib chiqing.

@learnenglish_uz