Tuğan tel bəyrəme qotlı bulsın 💚 Ə sezneñ qaysı tatarça süz iñ yaratqanı?

#tt_beginner
Past tense I

Also known as bilgele (definite) ütkən zaman. The basic form of the past tense I is obtained by joining -dı, -de to stems ending in a vowel or in a voiced consonant, -tı, -te to stems ending in a voiceless consonant. The other persons are formed by adding the personal endings of the possessive type to the basic form.

min eşlədem – I worked
sin eşlədeñ – you worked
ul eşləde – he/she/it worked
bez eşlədek – we worked
sez eşlədegez – you (form./pl.) worked
alar eşlədelər – they worked

ℹ️ The Past Tense I expresses actions in which the speaker has participated, which he has personally witnessed, or which he remembers and knows well. The actions are viewed as completed. This includes the actions that the person you’re talking to experienced first hand, even if you haven’t.

Monnan beryıl çaması elek bulğan ide ul waqiğa. Köz axırı ide, könnər şaqtıy suwıttı, tuğay östenə aq bəs qundı, nihayət, menə Dim qultığı, Qomaç öste də küksel boz belən tigez genə qaplandı. (Əmirxan Yeniki, “Soñğı kitap”)
That event happened about one year before this. It was the end of autumn. The days got rather cold. White hoarfrost settled on the meadow, and, finally, the bay of the (river) Dim, and also the surface of the Qomaç, got covered evenly with bluish ice. ...

Əniləreñ nərsə didelər? (I don’t know yet, but the person I’m asking spoke to their parents, so they know what they said)
What did your parents say?

⚠️ Witnessing the action is the main indicator of the Past Tense I. Another indicator can be:

- An action took place once in the recent past or it was a swift action.

Əni, Marat şaltıratmadımı? (Riza İşmorat, “Bistə qızı Gölsinə”)
Mother, hasn’t Marat called?

Cide yəşlek ulım, muyınımnan qoçaqladı da, sawbullaşıp, çığıp yögerde. (Ğərif Axunov)

Next week we’re gonna learn the Past Tense II and compare the two tenses.

#tt_intermediate
Zodiac signs

♈️ Quçqar – Aries
♉️ Ügezbozaw – Taurus
♊️ İgezəklər – Gemini
♋️ Qısla – Cancer
♌️ Arıslan – Leo
♍️ Qız – Virgo
♎️ Ülçəw – Libra
♏️ Çayan – Scorpio
⛎ Yılanlı – Ophiuchus (Zodiak yoldızlıqlarına kermi, əmma Qoyaş annan ütep bara)
♐️ Uqçı – Sagittarius
♑️ Kəcəmögez – Capricorn
♒️ Suqoyar – Aquarius
♓️ Balıqlar – Pisces

Ə sez astrologiyəgə ışanasızmı? Kommentlarda yazığız əle!

Our new audio lesson is everything an absolute beginner needs:

1. You'll learn how to ask a question
2. You'll learn the Tatar question pronouns to ask more specific questions
3. You'll learn how to ask someone what a word means, ask them to repeat or talk slower

What's not to love? Take a listen on the go whenever you are or take notes along the way. If you want access to the transcript, please consider becoming a paid member.

Leave a comment below with any wishes or feedback!

Adding the audio here for those who can't access Patreon 🎧

• • •

🌷Subscribe to Learn Tatar for more Tatar content like this!

#tt_advanced
Astronomiyə

🔭 Qoyaş sistemı bik küp kük cisemnərennən tora, alarnıñ hərberse ğələm xoreografiyəsendə unikal rol uynıy. Planetalar, iyərçennər həm asteroidlar tartu köçe belən üz urınında torıp Qoyaş tirəli əylənələr. Waqıt-waqıt bu əylənələr Ay totılu kebek qızıqlı küreneşlər barlıqqa kiterep tezelələr. Şul mizgeldə Cirneñ küləgəse Ayğa töşə. Ay Cir belən Qoyaş arasında uzsa həm waqıtlıça anıñ yaqtılığın qaplasa, bu fenomen Qoyaş totılu dip atala. Fənni tikşerenülər həm xalıqara xezməttəşlek öçen Xalıqara ğələm stansiyəse kebek iyərçennər planetabız tirəli əylənələr.

Qoyaş sistemı – solar system
kük ciseme – celestial object
iyərçen – satellite
yasalma iyərçen – artificial satellite
tartu köçe – gravity force
(tirəli) əylənü – to orbit
əylənə – orbit
Ay totılu – lunar eclipse
Qoyaş totılu – solar eclipse
Xalıqara ğələm stansiyəse – International Space Station (ISS)

Qoyaş sistemabız tışında qoyrıqlı yoldızlar kebek moğcizalar küktə yalqınlı qoyrıqlar belən ağıla, həm Kiyek qaz yulı galaktikasında milliardlağan yoldızlar yəşi. Timerqazıq yoldızı navigasiya öçen qullanıla, ə Cidegən, Köyəntə həm İlək yoldızları tönge kükne yoldızlı yaqtılığı belən bizilər. Bu kük cisemnəren küzətü yaqtılıqnı añlawdan qara upqınnar həm waqiğa ofığı kebek serle küreneşlərgə qədər ğələm turında qimmətle məğlümat birə.

qoyrıqlı yoldız – comet ☄️
Kiyek qaz yulı – Milky Way
Timerqazıq yoldızı, Qotıp yoldız – the North star
Cidegən yoldız, Çümeç yoldız – the Great Bear
Köyəntə yoldız – Orion
İlək yoldız – Pleiades
küzətü – to observe
qara upqın – black hole
waqiğa ofığı – event horizon
yaqtılıq tizlege – speed of light

Texnologiyə qazanışları bezneñ ğələmne küzətü mömkinleklərebezne üzgərtte. Tikşerenülərne dəwam itep bez ğələmebez həm andağı üz urınıbız turında belemebezne tirənəytəbez.

🪐 Bonus: planetalarnıñ tarixi Tatar isemnəre:

Su yoldız (or Keçe Çulpan) – Mercury
Çulpan – Venus
Qızıl yoldız (or Ut Yoldız) – Mars
Ağaç yoldız – Jupiter
Topraq (tufraq) yoldız – Saturn

Süz uñayınnan, Əxmət Fəyzineñ əsərendə astronomiyə, yəğni “yoldızlar turında fən” öçen “nöcüm ğileme” digən süz qullanıla. Ə sezgə nöcüm ğileme oşıymı?

Bay Ülgen by Bartu Bölükbaşı

#tt_culture
More on Tengrism

In our initial exploration of Tatar mythology, we introduced Təñre (Tengri), Umay, and Cir-Su as the prominent deities, stemming from the universal Turkic beliefs rooted in Tengrism.

Tengrist cosmology depicts a division into three worlds: the upper realms (heaven), Earth, and the underworld, each inhabited by diverse beings influencing one another. Legend tells of the Tree of Life, planted by Qayra Khan, connecting the underworld, sky, and earth. Its branches uphold the heavens, while its roots reach the depths of the earth's layers. According to folklore, the nine Turkic tribes trace their lineage to its branches.

The celestial and subterranean layers host beings with distinct souls, shamans, and nature spirits. The heavenly world, pure and bright, is a home to righteous souls and protective deities, accessible to shamans on spiritual journeys. In contrast, the underworld harbors wicked souls, devils, and evil deities.

Let’s learn more about the Tengrist entities that inhabit the celestial layers.

Qayra, the god of the highest sky, space, atmosphere, light, and life, and a son of Kök Tengri. Qayra Khan has four sons: Ülgen, Erlik, Mergen, and Kızağan. As a deity of great power, he encompasses both masculine and feminine aspects, representing a neutral and encompassing force in the universe.

Erlik Khan, a son of Qayra, governs the underworld, overseeing souls awaiting rebirth. Descriptions of Erlik portray him as an aged figure with with black, thick, curly hair, large black mustache, and a knee-length beard. He dresses in seven bear skins and sleeps on seven black beavers. He is appeased through sacrifices to avert disasters. People avoid saying his name, calling him Qara Nama (“something dark”) instead. Erlik's realm, guided by him and his sons, encompasses lakes, rivers, and seas. Kams (shamans) negotiate with Erlik to revive the sick, with failure resulting in death. Nighttime sacrifices, involving weak or sick animals animals, were conducted to please him. Erlik has nine sons, collectively known as the Black Sons, who guide shamans in their subterranean journeys. Erlik’s nine daughters, referred to as the Black Girls, attempt to seduce and distract the shamans during their ceremonies.

Ülgen, the oldest son of Qayra and Umay (also known as the Guiding Spirits) and Erlik’s biggest enemy, is a god of mercy and forgiveness, influencing lives based on spontaneous acts of kindness.

Mergen, another son of Qayra, embodies reason and wisdom, often depicted holding a bow and arrow. Mergen resides on the seventh sky floor. He is portrayed as a powerful, helmeted young man on a white horse.

Kızağan, a Turkic war deity, is often portrayed with a sword or bow and a horn, holding a rainbow wand. Depicted as a strong, helmeted young man on a red horse, he's a powerful god associated with strength and invincibility. The youngest of the Qayra's sons, he lives on the ninth sky floor. He aids commanders in winning battles, protecting warriors.

Tengrism revolves around the worship of nature, and its followers seek harmony with the natural world. Ancestor worship is a crucial aspect, as Tengrists believe in maintaining a deep connection with the dead ones, honoring their wisdom and guidance. Moreover, a woman’s role in the Tengrist Turkic societies was quite prominent, with a lot of female diplomats, generals and governors.

The cosmic worldview of Tengrism involves the spiritual significance of various elements, including celestial bodies like the sun, moon, and stars, as well as earthly components such as mountains, rivers, and trees. This interconnectedness underscores the very nature of Tengrism, where both the spiritual and physical realms are intertwined in a harmonious balance. Tengrism advocates for responsible use of the earth and animals, limiting it to bare necessities; for instance, hunting is permitted only until the family's needs are met. Exploitation and greed have no place in Tengrism. There is no sacred book that tells you how to live your life: you should figure it out yourself. Tengrism doesn’t exclude: its elements are seamlessly integrated into our modern religions, and even followers of other religions who have lived a good and honest life, are believed to be rewarded by Tengri.

Even though there are a lot of fantastical elements in Tengrism, the respect for the nature, animals and other people is as down-to-earth of a concept as it gets. Over time, the polytheistic nature of Tengrism lost its significance, with believers acknowledging Tengri as a supreme god and the most important entity who rules over all people. Rituals and ceremonies often center around maintaining balance, seeking blessings from Tengri, and expressing gratitude to the spirits that inhabit the natural world.

Regardless of your religious beliefs or lack thereof, do you think there are lessons that we can learn from our ancestor’s beliefs and values? Let me know in the comments.
__________________________
https://allturkic.com/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTufvfcRb9g&t=440s

#tt_newbie
Holidays

🎈 bəyrəm – holiday
küñelle – joyful
oçraşu – meeting, gathering
bəyrəm itü – celebration
ğöref-ğәdәt – tradition, custom
yola – rite
yumartlıq – generosity
tuğan köne – birthday
telək – wish

🎁 … bülək – a(n) … present
kirəkle – necessary
istəlekle – memorable
kötelməgən – unexpected
bülək qabul itü – to accept a present
bülək törü – to wrap a present
bülək birü / itü – to give a present
törü qәğәze – wrapping paper
tasma – ribbon

🙏🏼 Speaking of wishes, what can we wish our Tatar friend who has a birthday?
Siña … telim. – I wish you …
bəxet – happiness
isənlek-sawlıq / səlamətlek – health
mәxəbbət – love
uñış – success
mullıq / baylıq – prosperity

You can also say:
Yöz / meñ / küp yəşə – Live long
Ozın ğömerle bul – Wishing you longevity
Barlıq xıyallarıñ tormışqa / çınğa aşsın – May all your dreams come true
Çın küñeldən qotlıym – I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart

🤲🏼 Tatar (möselman) dini bəyrəmnəre – Tatar (muslim) religious holidays:
Uraza bəyrəme / ğəyete – Eid al-Fitr
Qorban bəyrəme / ğəyete – Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)

🙌🏼 Milli bəyrəmnər – National holidays:
Nəwrüz – Nowruz
Sabantuy / Saban tuyı
Cıyın
Narduğan

What other Tatar holidays do you know? Leave them in the comments!

#tt_beginner
Past Tense II

Also known as bilgesez (indefinite) ütkən zaman. The past tense II is formed by joining -ğan, -gən to stems ending in a vowel or a voiced consonant, -qan, -kən to stems ending in a voiceless consonant. This form, which is actually a past participle, is identical with the third person singular. The other persons are formed by adding the pronominal personal endings.

min eşləgənmen – I worked
sin eşləgənseñ – you worked
ul eşləgən – he/she/it worked
bez eşləgənbez – we worked
sez eşləgənsez – you (form./pl.) worked
alar eşləgənnər – they worked

ℹ️ Past Tense II expresses an action or the result of an action which the speaker has NOT personally witnessed, which he relates on the basis of information received. The action was completed or its result realized at some point in the past.

Annarı üze turında söylərgə kereşte. Rayon məğərif bülegeneñ mödire bulıp eşli ikən. Pedagogik institutın təmamlağaç, bez uqığan məktəptə tarix uqıtqan. Annan direktor itkənnər. Annan rayonğa alğannar. (Tufan Miñnullin, “Xəsən Wəğizoviç”)

Then he began to talk about himself. It turned out that he works as the director of the Education Department of the district. After graduating from the Pedagogical Institute, he taught history at the school which we attended. Later he was made its principal. After that he was transferred to the district administration.

⚠️ NOT witnessing the action is the main indicator of the Past Tense II. Some other indicators can be:

✔️ An action or state which the speaker has done unwillingly (or unconsciously) or does not remember about (especially if you add ikən (apparently) to the verb)

Min üzem, bilgele, bu “çəyni” zamanın bötenləy diyərlek xəterləmim, bik keçkenə bulğanmın əle, – əytik, ike belən biş arasında ğına. Annarı bez çəynineñ üzendə tügel, ə kürşedəge ikençe ber yortta torğanbız. (Əmirxan Yeniki, “Soñğı kitap”)

I myself, of course, have almost no remembrance at all of the time of the teahouse. I was very little – let’s say, only between two and five years old. Then, we lived not in the teahouse itself, but in another house in the neighborhood.

Min ... 1901. yılnıñ 7. ğinwarında tuğanmın. ... Min Yañasala awılında tuğanmın. (Ğömər Bəşirov, “Tormış suqmaqları”)

I was born on January 7, 1901. ... I was born in the village of Yañasala.

✔️ Actions which took place over a period of time in the distant past (for example, in the narration of historical events and in fairy tales).

Urta ğasırlarda şəhərlər, bigrək tə başqala rolen ütəgənnəre, ğədəttə ikegə bülengənnər. Berençe öleşe qəlğə dip atalğan həm anda dəwlət başlığı, xökümət əğzaları, yuğarı dərəcəle ruxanilar urnaşqan. Bistə yəki şəhər dip yörtelgən ikençe öleşendə hönərçelər, səwdəgərlər həm şunıñ işe “qara xalıq” yəşəgən. (Səlam Alişev, “Qazannıñ 800 yıllığına – tarixtan ber səxifə”)

In the middle ages, cities, especially those functioning as capitals, were usually divided into two parts. The first part was called the fortress, where the head of state, members of the government and the high-ranking clergymen lived. In the second part, called the suburb or city, lived the craftsmen, merchants and similar “common people.”

✔️ Timelessness as, for example, in descriptions of general characteristics.

Awıl. Uramnarnı qar qaplağan, öylərneñ tübələre belən tərəzələre genə kürenə. (Xəy Waxit, “Soñğı xat”)

A village. Snow covers the streets, only the roofs and windows of the houses are visible.

How well did you do? 😉

Even though the Past Tense is one of the most basic topics, it’s not as easy as it seems. I’ve tried finding good explanations on exactly how to choose between the Past Tense I and II in many different grammar books, but they all are not very well written for a person who doesn’t know any Tatar, kind of expecting you to already have a gut feeling of which one you should use.

I’ve tried explaining these tenses the best I could in the Past Tense I and Past Tense II posts, check them out if you haven’t yet! If there are any teachers or linguists out there with more hints or suggestions, please feel free to share 🤗

#tt_intermediate
Wishes

Like all Turkic peoples, Tatars love wishes. We have so many phrases to wish you prosperity, good luck and so on.

👋🏼 When we say goodbye to someone, we say:

tağın kilegez – come again (plural)
kergəlәgez – come by (pl.)
qarap qına yör – take care
… (D) səlam əyt – say hi to…

🧳 Or if someone leaves on a trip:

xəyerle yul – bon voyage
xəyerle səfər bulsın – have a nice trip
yulıñ uñ bulsın – good luck (on a trip)

🎁 If someone buys or receives a new piece of clothing as a gift, we wish them:

qotlı bulsın – best wishes (lit. “may it be happy”)
cılı təneñdə tuzsın – may it wear out on your warm body
östeñdə kiyep tuzdırırğa yazsın – may it wear out on you
östəwle kiyem (mal) bulsın – may more clothes (wealth) come to you
rəxəten kürergə nasıyp itsen – may it bring pleasure
igelek (xəyere) belən bulsın – may it bring good
östennən östəlsen – may more be added

♥️ Tatars’ wishes are always çın küñeldən or çın yörəktən (from the bottom of our hearts)!

🍽️ To someone who’s eating, we wish:

təmle bulsın – bon appetit
aşlarığız/çəyləregez təmle bulsın – enjoy your (pl.) meal/tea

💪🏼 To someone who’s working, we wish:

Allah qüwət birsen – may Allah give you strength
Allah yərdəm birsen – may Allah help you
qüwətegez küp bulsın – lots of strength to you (pl.)
eşləregez uñsın – wishing you (pl.) success in your work

If they are just starting their work, you can also say:

qulıñ ciñel bulsın – may your hand be light

Or you may help them! Before you start working, you can say:

Allahqa tapşırdıq – handing over to Allah

💡 Bear in mind, these expressions are not reserved solely for deeply religious individuals; they are commonly used by Tatars regardless of their religious beliefs or degree thereof.
_________________________
Based on N. Gabdreyeva, G. Zinnatullina “Speech Etiquette in the System of Genetically Different Languages”

#tt_advanced
Compound Tenses: Past Tense II + bulu

1. -ğan, -gən, -qan, -kən bulğan.

This form indicates that an action had been completed by the time another action occurred, and the narrator did not witness it. It expresses the result of an action or the fact that it took place. It could be termed as the "unwitnessed past perfect" when compared to the past perfect in -ğan ide.

İşetüwemə qarağanda, qayçandır Dəwləkənnən Stərletamaqqa yul salırğa uylağannar həm bu dambanı şunıñ öçen kütərgən bulğannar. (Əmirxan Yeniki, “Soñğı kitap”)
According to what I heard, they once had decided to build a road from Dawlakan to Sterlitamak and, therefore, had raised this dam.

2. -ğan, -gən, -qan, -kən bulır.

This form indicates either a future action resulting from specific conditions or a habitual action with a present result. In the latter case, it's synonymous with -ğan bula.

Irtəgə kiçkə klub bötene belən bezneñ tuy öçen xəzerləngən bulır. (Fətxi Burnaş, “Kamali qart”.)
By tomorrow night the whole club will have been prepared for the wedding.

3. -ğan, -gən, -qan, -kən bulaçaq.

This form indicates that the action expressed by the basic verb will definitely have taken place as the result of conditions mentioned in a given context. It is synonymous with that in -ğan bulır, except that it is explicitly categorical.

Xəzer bez ezlərenə töştek. Berniçə səğəttən alar qamalğan bulaçaq. (Fətxi Burnaş, “Xösəyen mirza”)
We have come upon their track. In a couple of hours they will have been surrounded.

4. -ğan, -gən, -qan, -kən bula(lar).

This form is used in narratives to emphasize that an action has been completed and has produced a result before the time of speaking. It's often used alongside present tense verbs for vivid storytelling.

Almış xan Bolğar ilendə islam dine taratu həm məçet saldıru öçen belgeç sorıy… Bolğar xanınıñ İslam dine qabul itüwe xaqında işetkən bulalar. (Rawil Fəxretdinov, “Bolğar tarixına yaña istəleklər”)
Almış khan asked for a specialist to spread Islam and to get a mosque built in Bolghar… They had heard about the Bolghar khan’s acceptance of the Islamic religion.

It can denote actions that will definitely have taken place at a certain point in future time.

Ul anı inde sin qaytışqa onıtqan bula.
He will already have forgotten about it when you return.

One of the variations of the flag of Lipka Tatars

almost resembling the flag of Golden Horde but with smaller and reversed logo located on the upper hoist side

#tt_culture
Lipka Tatars

The Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, numbering over 26 thousand in 1993, have a rich history deeply intertwined with the region's politics. From the very beginning of their settlement in Lithuania they were known as the Lipka (the old Crimean Tatar name of Lithuania) Tatars, a distinct group with their own unique history and cultural identity.

The Lipka Tatar origins can be traced back to the descendant states of the Golden Horde, the Crimean Khanate and Kazan Khanate. By the end of the 14th century, Vytautas the Great invited Tatars to settle in the Grand Duchy.
Initially, their service was military in nature, evident in their participation in key battles like the Battle of Grünwald against the Teutonic Order. They served various Polish kings and left their mark on history through their bravery and loyalty. Over time, many Tatars migrated to Poland and Turkey, often receiving land in exchange for military service to Lithuanian princes or Polish kings.

In 1672, the Lipka Tatar subjects rebelled against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, known as the Lipka Rebellion. King Jan III Sobieski of Poland, highly respected by Tatar soldiers, managed to persuade many Lipkas to return to his command and granted them noble titles in recognition of their service. Notably, during the Napoleonic wars, some Tatars fought for Poland's liberation from Russian rule.

Initially serving as a noble military caste, later they became urban dwellers known for their crafts, horses and gardening skills. While they remained very attached to their religion, over time they lost their original Tatar language. From the late 18th to the 19th century, the Lipka Tatars increasingly adopted the Polish language and customs, especially among the upper and middle classes. The lower ranks became more influenced by Ruthenian culture.

In the 20th century, particularly around the time of the Russian Revolution in 1917, Tatar communities in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine formed the Voluntary Committee with the aim of self-determination. However, the Tatar communities faced challenges, including pressure to assimilate and a changing political landscape, leading to migrations. Despite these challenges, efforts have been made to preserve the Tatar culture and heritage. In 2010, a monument honouring Tatar soldiers was unveiled in Gdańsk, Poland, with the country's president, Bronisław Komorowski, participating in the ceremony. His mother, Jadwiga Komorowska, has Tatar ancestry, which adds a personal connection to the community.

Today, the Lipka Tatars’ total population is 10-15,000 individuals, mostly residing in Belarus, Poland and Lithuania. Despite historical migrations and cultural adaptations, these Tatar communities have maintained their distinct cultural and religious identity and remain an integral part of the region's diversity.