#tt_intermediate
Confusing words

In Tatar, just like in English with its tricky "though/through/thorough," learners face their own set of oxşağan words – or are they oşağan?
Let’s dive into the words that always leave learners scratching their heads and sort them out once and for all!

🔵 oşaw – to please, to be liked
oxşaw – to be alike, to resemble

Ul üzeneñ yaratqan cırçısına oxşarğa teli, çönki aña anıñ muzıkası həm stile oşıy. – She wants to be like her favorite singer because she likes her music and style.

🔵 töş – dream / noon / core / go down, fall
teş – tooth

Kiçə teşləremneñ töşüwe turında töş kürdem. – Yesterday, I had a dream about my teeth falling out.

🔵 biyek – high
böyek – great

Baqçasaray – böyek xannar, kükkə aşqan biyek manaralar ile. – Baqçasaray – a land of great khans and tall minarets reaching towards the sky.

🔵 tıyu – to forbid, restrict
toyu – to feel

Dəwlət xalıqnıñ fiker belderü xoquqın tıyğanda, xalıq üzen ireksez toya. – When the government restricts the people’s right to express their opinion, the people feel unfree.

🔵 taba – frying pan / towards
taban – sole, foot
tabın – a set table (for guests)
tübə – peak / roof
tübən – low

Tübən bolıtlardan yañğır tübəgә yawa başlağanda min tabanı inde tabınğa quyğan idem. – When the rain started pouring down from the low-hanging clouds onto the roof, I had already put the frying pan onto the set table.

🔵 məqələ – article
məqəl – proverb

Jurnalda ber borınğı məqəlneñ zirəklege turında qızıqlı məqələ çıqtı. – The magazine featured an interesting article discussing the wisdom of an ancient proverb.

🔵 iyələnü – to get used to sth.
öylənü – to get married (a male)
əylənü – to spin, rotate / to turn (into sth.)

Öyləngənnən soñ aña üzeneñ urının büleşügə həm tərtipkə kiterügə iyələner öçen beraz waqıt kirək buldı, əmma axır çiktә ul yort ğailәlәre öçen matur ber öygә әylәnde. – After getting married, it took him some time to get used to sharing and rearranging his space, but eventually, the house turned into a beautiful home for their family.

❓Is it easier for you now to use the correct word in a sentence? Give this post a like if you want more of these confusing words sorted out!

#tt_advanced
The Habitual Past in -a, -ə, -ıy, -i (neg. -mıy, -mi) torğan ide

This past tense is formed by combining the present tense stem with the past participle of the verb toru followed by idem, ideñ, ide, etc. The English equivalent is “used to do sth.”

min yaza torğan idem – I used to write
sin yaza torğan ideñ – you used to write
ul yaza torğan ide – he (she, it) used to write
bez yaza torğan idek – we used to write
sez yaza torğan idegez – you (pl.) used to write
alar yaza torğan ide(lər) – they used to write

✍🏼 This tense indicates an action habitually repeated at some point in the past time.

Əniyem miña gel xikəyələr söyli torğan ide. (Mirxəydər Fəyzi, “Asılyar”)
My mother always used to tell me stories.

Bez üzebezneñ tel, xisap şikellelərne yaratıp uqıdıq. Xisap digəne qızıq qına uqıtıla torğan ide. (Ğömər Bəşirov, “Tuğan yağım – yəşel bişek”)
We liked studying subjects like our language, arithmetic. Arithmetic was being taught in a rather interesting way.

📖 There is also a less used (more literary) form of a Habitual Past in -r, -ar, -ər, -ır, -er (neg. -mas, -məs) ide which also indicates an action in the past, repeated from time to time. The English equivalent is “would do sth.”

Ul hərwaqıt şulay buldı. Bala waqıtınnan uq. Tabiğət qoçağına çığıp kitər ide də, anda çəçəklər cıyıp, kübələklər quwıp, qoşlar sayrawın, urman şawlawın tıñlap cırlar da cırlar ide. (Səyet Şəkürov, “Səxnəneñ qıl urtasında”)
He was always like that. From childhood. He would go out into the lap of nature and there, gathering flowers, chasing butterflies and listening to the twittering of the birds and the rustle of the forest, he would sing and sing.

#tt_newbie
At a restaurant

Uraza ğəyete möbarək bulsın to those celebrating! Our topic today is quite fitting: a phrasebook for you to use when eating out.

🍽 If you’d like to book a table or find one spontaneously, you’ll need these phrases:

Sezdə buş östəllər barmı? – Do you have any free tables?
İke / öç / dürt keşe öçen östəl, zinhar. – A table for two / three / four, please.
Rezervasiyә yasarğa telim. – I'd like to make a reservation
Östəlne alıp/terkəp quyarğa telim. – I'd like to book a table, please
Bu östəl buşmı? – Is this table free?
Tışta buş urınnar barmı? – Are there seats available outside?

🍝 After you get seated, you can start choosing the dishes and giving your order:

Menünı qarap alırğa mömkinme? – Could I see the menu, please?
Sez berər nərsə eçərgə telisezme? – Can I get you any drinks?
Sez zakaz birergə əzerme? – Are you ready to order?
Bügenge kön aşı nindi? – What's the soup of the day?
Nərsə təqdim itə alasız? – What do you recommend?
Miña laktozalı rizıq yaramıy. – I am lactose intolerant.
Minem … alergiyə. – I'm allergic …
bodayğa – to wheat
laktozağa – to lactose
çikləwekkə – to nuts
Bu rizıqta cilemçə barmı? – Does this dish have gluten?
Min vegetarian. – I'm a vegetarian.
Min … aşamıym. – I don't eat …
it – meat
duñğız ite – pork
balıq – fish
Miña … belən rizıq kirək. – I'd like a dish with …

💁🏻 The waiter or waitress might have the following to say:

Ğafu, ul bütən qalmadı. – I'm sorry, we're out of that.
Şul ğınamı? – Is that all?
Tağın berər nərsə telisezme? – Would you like anything else?

🙋🏻‍♀️ If you'd like to get the waiter's or waitress’s attention, the most polite way is simply to say:

Ğafu/ğafu itegez – Excuse me

🍲 Here are some other phrases you may hear or wish to use during your meal:

(Aşığız) təmle bulsın! – Enjoy your meal! Bon appétit!
Zinhar, … biregezçe. – Could we have …?
ber şeşə … – a bottle of …
tağın beraz ipi/ikmək – some more bread
Gazlımı, gazsızmı? – Sparkling or still?
Sezdə tatlılar barmı? – Do you have any desserts?
Rəxmət, bik təmle buldı. – Thanks, that was delicious.
Qalğan rizıqnı üzem belən ala alammı? – Could I take away the leftovers, please?

🆘 In case of a problem, you may use the following:

Min monı zakaz itmədem. – This isn't what I ordered
İnde ozaq kötəbez. – We've been waiting a long time
Rizığıbız kiləme inde? – Is our meal on its way?

💵 To pay the bill:

Xisapnı/Çeknı biregezçe (kiteregezçe), zinhar. – Could we have the bill, please?
Karta belən tüləp bulamı? – Can I pay by card?
Küpme tülərgə tiyeşmen? – What do I owe?
Ayırım tüli alabızmı? – Can we pay separately?
Min tülim. – I'll get this.
Xisapnı büleşikme? – Should we split the bill?

👩🏻‍🍳 Some useful words:

peşekçe – chef
ofisiant – waiter/waitress
çəygə birü – to tip

#tt_beginner
Imperative

The imperative includes both singular and plural forms, as well as second and third person variations. The second person singular matches the verb stem itself. Other forms require the following suffixes:

🙏🏼 To form the second person plural, -ğız or -gez is added to verb stems ending in a vowel (except for -i, -u). Meanwhile, the third person singular adds -sın or -sen, and the plural adds -sınnar or -sennər.

(sin) başla / eşlə / biye
(sez) başlağız / eşləgez / biyegez
(ul) başlasın / eşləsen / biyesen
(alar) başlasınnar / eşləsennər / biyesennər

🙏🏼 To form the second person plural, -yığız/-yegez or (w)-ığız/-egez is added to verb stems ending in the vowels -i, -u or a consonant:

(sin) yu / ki / cəy
(sez) yuwığız / kiyegez / cəyegez
(ul) yusın / kisen / cəysen
(alar) yusınnar / kisennər / cəysennər

🙏🏼 The second person plural and the third person singular and plural forms of diyü (to say) follow the standard formation rules for verbs with stems ending in -i:

(sez) diyegez
(ul) disen
(alar) disennər
BUT:
(sin) digen (neg. dimə)

🙏🏼 Requests are usually conveyed through imperative mood verbs, to which particles such as -çı/-çe, -sana/-sənə are added to soften the request (like “would you…”, “please,…”), as well as the word zinhar meaning "please":

birçe – (would you) give
qalsana – (would you) stay
əyt, zinhar – please, tell

🙏🏼 Additionally, particles like əle and inde are used:

açulanmağız inde – please, don’t be mad
biregez əle – give, please

🙏🏼 A more refined request is expressed in the form of:
əytməssezme ikən – would you mind telling
qarap çıqmassızmı ikən – would you mind taking a look
awırsınmasağız, kilegezçe – if it’s not too hard, could you please come

🙏🏼 The highest degree of request is:
ütenəm, yalwaram – I’m begging you

That’s it for today. Komment yazığız əle! Sorawlarığıznı yazmassızmı ikən? Ütenəm sezdən!

#tt_beginner
At a restaurant / Imperative – Audio Lesson

We’re trying out a new format. There was a suggestion on the this channel to add some listening comprehension. Of course, that takes a lot of planning, scripting, recording, editing, and so on, so we won’t be able to make a lot of it, but I’ve thought of a format I liked of a Turkish podcast I used to listen to, and wanted to try out something similar.

The AUDIO is now on Patreon ✨FREE✨ for everyone!

With your support, we will try making more of these in the future related to the big vocabulary and grammar topics covered on this channel. So maybe someday it can turn into a series!

All you have to do is check it out, tell us if you like it, and share! If you want to support this initiative, consider becoming a paid member of our Patreon and get some perks like the transcripts of the dialogs and some grammar exercises.

A reminder for you to check out our free audio lesson 👇🏼
We put a long of effort into it and would be happy to get some feedback to know if you’re interested in more lessons like that 🙏🏼

Also, tomorrow we have a lesson on lyrics + translation of a Tatar song 🎧🎶 Can you guess which band’s?
A hint: it was suggested in the comments on this channel some time ago 😉

🌷Subscribe to Learn Tatar for more Tatar content like this!

#tt_intermediate
It’s been a long time coming: the lyrics and translation of a song by Gauga! You know what to do: listen on Youtube, Spotify or Apple Music, read the translation here and sing along wherever you are!


GAUGA – AĞIL HƏM TÜGEL

Sində minem eş yuq!
Qısa tınnı buşlıq!
Tərəzə açıp oçırğa! – Yuq şul, yaramıy...
Ğәyep cıyğan cilkələr qanatlanmıy.

Siña yullar açıq!
Minem yulım – açlıq!
Küpme rizıq kiterəm – barısı ul tügel...
Betep, canım, dönyağa ağıl həm tügel!

Ənə oçalar ike qoş hawada!
Küzne yomamın, iyərəm alarğa...

Azatlığım
Çılbırlanğan.

Siña qızıq tışlıq
Eçe tulı taşlıq,
Miña kirək yəşlek –
Xislər tulı yəşlek!
Mölderəgən yəşlek!
Döberdəgən yəşlek!
Pır tuzdırğan yəşlek!
Qanatlanğan yəşlek!

Yılannar kebek uralıp yata minem yullarım,
Barısın da təmnəp qarıymın telgə tiderep ağuların!

Ənə oçalar ike qoş hawada!
Küzne yomamın, iyərəm alarğa...

________________

GAUGA – POUR OUT AND SPILL

You are none of my business
The void is suffocating
I’d open the window and fly! – But I can’t...
Shoulders carrying guilt can’t grow wings.

The roads are open for you!
But my road is hunger.
All the food I bring is not right...
Begone, my soul, pour out and spill onto the world!

Look, two birds are flying in the sky.
I close my eyes and follow them...

My freedom
Is enchained.

You're interested in the exterior,
Which from within is full of stones,
I need youth
Youth full of feelings!
Overflowing youth!
Thundering youth!
Raving youth!
Winged youth!

My roads lie before me like tangled snakes,
I'm tasting all of their poison with my tongue

Look, two birds are flying in the sky.
I close my eyes and follow them...

#tt_advanced
5 phrasal verbs: Advanced

⚡️ moxtac bulu – to be in need

Sezneñ aqıllı kiñəşləregezgə bez hərwaqıt moxtac bulaçaqbız. (Əxsən Bayanov, “Məñgelek bəxəs”)
We will always be in need of your wise advice.

⚡️ xezmət kürsətü – to serve, to provide service

Menə sin bezgə bik zur xezmət kürsətteñ, bez öçəwləp eşli almağan eşne sin ber üzeñ eşlədeñ. (Tatar xalıq əkiyətləre, “Öç kügərçen”)
There, you did us a great service. The work which we three together could not do, you did by yourself.

⚡️ işarə itü – to gesture, to hint

Hay, Xuca! (Qulı belən işarə itep asqa çaqıra.) (Nəqi İsənbət, “Xuca Nasretdin”)
Hey, Xuca! (Gesturing with his hand, he calls him down.)

⚡️ əhəmiyət birü – to pay attention, to attach importance

Xəkimcan abzıynıñ başı yaxşı uq awırta başlasa da, ul aña da əhəmiyət birməde... (K. Tinçurin, “Yöz meñ”)
Although Xəkimcan's head began to ache, he did not pay any attention to it…

⚡️ tənqit itü – to criticize

Şul rəttən ük minem cəməğət eşenə qatnaşıp yörüwemne də tənqit itə başladıñ. (Ğ. Qutuy, “Tapşırılmağan xatlar”)
At the same time, you began to criticize my involvement in public affairs.

Sabantuy, Başqortstan, 1982

#tt_culture
Saban tuyı

The spring festival Sabantuy became a summer event when the Tatar Communist Party Committee recommended merging it with the traditional gathering called Cıyın in 1925. The main goal was to suppress Cıyın, which served as a platform for discussing local matters and was seen as a source of dissent against Soviet authority. Cıyın, with its leisurely discussions and communal decision-making, was replaced by the one-day sports and entertainment-focused Sabantuy. This change also aimed to reduce the number of non-working days in June, reflecting the Soviet vision for collective farming. Cıyın, an ancient Tatar festival with strong Islamic roots, was thus destroyed, forgotten within just a few generations, using Sabantuy, which had pagan origins, as a tool.

Don’t worry, I’ll tell you all about Cıyın in summer when it used to be held. But Sabantuy now is also not exactly the way it used to be. In the traditional lifestyle of the Tatar people, they didn’t mark the seasons with calendars like we do today. Instead, they followed the rhythm of nature, particularly focusing on agricultural activities. When winter began to loosen its grip and signs of spring started to appear, it signaled a time of transition and celebration among the Tatars.

Sabantuy, one of their most significant celebrations, was deeply rooted in the awakening of spring. A standout moment during Sabantuy was the “Boz Qaraw” or “Boz Bağu” festival, where communities came together to witness the sight of the ice breaking up on the rivers. This natural event symbolized the end of winter, and people added to the spectacle by placing burning straw on the floating ice, creating a mesmerizing display of torches during the twilight hours. In some villages, they even crafted straw effigies representing winter, which were ceremoniously burned or set on fire on the last ice floes, marking the symbolic departure of the cold season.

At this time, the Tatars engaged in egg-related games known as “kükəyle uyın” or “yomırqalı uyın.” These games brought people of all ages together, forming groups to compete in knocking down eggs placed in shallow pits using cloth or woolen balls. It was a fun way to celebrate the renewal of nature and the onset of spring, with winners getting the eggs as a token of victory.

While these springtime activities weren’t tied to a specific holiday, they were deeply connected to the emergence of dry patches of land, signaling the readiness for planting season.

In the early days of spring, as snow starts melting and the sun brightens, the earth prepares for plowing. Rooks, with their black wings, were believed by ancestors to carry the earth's soul away in autumn, bringing back warmth and sun in spring. Their arrival marks the start of a new agricultural cycle. Tatars had a special ritual called “dərə (or zərə) botqası,” also known as "qarğa botqası."

As spring unfolded across Tatar villages in the Middle Volga and Ural regions, there was another eagerly awaited tradition, based on an ancient pagan ritual: the local collection of dyed eggs. Using onion peel or birch tree leaf broth, people dyed eggs in various shades, a practice known as “ərəpə” among Kazan Tatars, coinciding with Sabantuy in some places. In other Kerəşen, Mişər, and Perm regions it was called “olı kön” and marked the first day of Easter. Children looked forward to this day, getting dressed up in new clothes and participating in festive activities, with mothers making special pouches for egg collection. Wishes exchanged during the ritual varied, reflecting hopes for prosperity or warding off misfortune, depending on local beliefs.

Among the Kazan Tatars, there was a recorded ritual called “sörən,” where young men rode decorated horses in groups, collecting eggs from homes. These eggs were then sold for communal feasts or other essential purchases, accompanied by lively singing and homemade drinks. Similarly, the Chuvash people had their own version of this ritual during Easter week, featuring house visits, noise-making, and lively festivities like music, dancing, and communal feasting. These springtime traditions were also observed among the Mari and Udmurt communities, highlighting shared elements in the celebrations of the Volga region.

Another ritual was “at ayağı qızdıru,” where young men rode horses in simulated races, serving as a warm-up for the horses and a thrilling spectacle for onlookers. Then there was the tradition of “bülək cıyu,” involving the collection of gifts for upcoming competitions. These gifts, often including embroidered items and towels, held special significance, especially those from young brides who had married since the last Sabantuy. Different villages had their own unique rituals for gift collection, but the overall principle remained the same: mandatory gifts from newlywed women and voluntary contributions from others. Whether it was horseback-riding youths accompanied by music or elderly men carrying gifts on a pole, the spirit of celebration was evident, with egg collection being a common theme across both variants.

The Sabantuy competitions were the highlight of the festival, bringing together strength, agility, and the thrill of horse racing. These events were a big deal, with standardized rules and inclusivity for all. Picture this: races, running, jumps, and even traditional wrestling matches called “körəş” kept everyone on the edge of their seats. Prizes, prearranged for winners, included prominently displayed towels. Horse races, a prestigious part of the event, featured young riders racing towards the village. Even the last horse received a towel prize! After the races, some villages took a break for lunch before returning for afternoon competitions, including more running and wrestling. Despite the large turnout, Sabantuy maintained order, with cultural competitions among folk musicians adding to the festive atmosphere.

But the fun didn’t stop there! Evening youth festivities were a key part of Sabantuy, lasting for several days. From egg collection to the day of competitions, these gatherings were filled with music, singing, and dancing. Young men and women joined in traditional games and formed choirs – “cırlı-biyüle uyınnar.”

And while there are claims of similarity between Tatar Sabantuy and festivities of other Volga-Ural ethnic groups, like the Mari “aga payrem,” Chuvash “akatuy,” Mordvin “keret’ ozks,” and Udmurt “akayaşka” or “gery potton,” a closer look reveals that each celebration has its unique details and rituals, reflecting the rich diversity of traditions across the region.

#tt_newbie
The night sky

ğələm – space, cosmos, universe
yoldız – star
qoyaş – Sun
ay – Moon
planeta – planet
Merkuriy – Mercury
Çulpan – Venus
Cir – Earth
Mars – Mars
Yupiter – Jupiter
Saturn – Saturn
Uran – Uranus
Neptun – Neptune
kük – sky
yoldızlıq – constellation

🌷Subscribe to Learn Tatar for more Tatar content like this!

Let’s take a look at the dialog:

A: Əy, küktəge yaqtı noqtağa qara! Yoldızmı ul?
B: Hmm. Yuq, bu yoldız tügel. Asılda bu planeta.
A: Çınlapmı? Qaysısı?
B: Minemçə, Çulpan. Ul yış qına tönlә küktə kürenep tora.
A: Abaw, min planetalarnıñ yoldızlarğa oxşağanın belməgən idem. Anıñ Çulpan ikənlegen niçek belep bula?
B: Məsələn, telefon quşımtası belən tikşerə alabız. Əydə telefonnı şul yaqtı noqtağa yünəltik əle. Qara, quşımta monı raslıy! Bu Çulpan.
A: İskitkeç! Alaysa yoldız həm planeta arasında nindi ayırma bar?
B: Yoldızlar bezneñ Qoyaş kebek, alar üz yaqtılığın çığaralar. Planetalar, kiresençə, üzləre yaqtılıq çığarmıylar; alar Qoyaş nurların çağıldıralar.
A: Ə-ə, añlaşıldı. Añlatqan öçen rəxmət! Ğələm bigrək tə soqlandırğıç.
B: Əye şul! Ğələm həm anıñ planetalar, yoldızlar həm yoldızlıqlar kebek barlıq moğcizaları turında öyrənerlek küp nərsə bar.
_______________
A: Hey, look at that bright dot in the sky! Is that a star?
B: Hmm. No, that's not a star. That's actually a planet.
A: Really? Which one?
B: I think it's Venus. It's often visible in the night sky.
A: Wow, I didn't know planets could look like stars. How can we be sure it's Venus?
B: We can check with a phone app, for example. Okay, let's point the phone towards that bright dot. Look, the app confirms it! That's Venus.
A: That's amazing! So, what's the difference between a star and a planet?
B: Stars are like our Sun, they produce their own light. Planets, on the other hand, don't produce light themselves; they reflect light from the Sun.
A: Ah, I see. Thanks for explaining! The cosmos is so fascinating.
B: It sure is! There's so much to learn about the universe and all its wonders, like planets, stars, and constellations.

Tuğan tel bəyrəme qotlı bulsın 💚 Ə sezneñ qaysı tatarça süz iñ yaratqanı?

#tt_beginner
Past tense I

Also known as bilgele (definite) ütkən zaman. The basic form of the past tense I is obtained by joining -dı, -de to stems ending in a vowel or in a voiced consonant, -tı, -te to stems ending in a voiceless consonant. The other persons are formed by adding the personal endings of the possessive type to the basic form.

min eşlədem – I worked
sin eşlədeñ – you worked
ul eşləde – he/she/it worked
bez eşlədek – we worked
sez eşlədegez – you (form./pl.) worked
alar eşlədelər – they worked

ℹ️ The Past Tense I expresses actions in which the speaker has participated, which he has personally witnessed, or which he remembers and knows well. The actions are viewed as completed. This includes the actions that the person you’re talking to experienced first hand, even if you haven’t.

Monnan beryıl çaması elek bulğan ide ul waqiğa. Köz axırı ide, könnər şaqtıy suwıttı, tuğay östenə aq bəs qundı, nihayət, menə Dim qultığı, Qomaç öste də küksel boz belən tigez genə qaplandı. (Əmirxan Yeniki, “Soñğı kitap”)
That event happened about one year before this. It was the end of autumn. The days got rather cold. White hoarfrost settled on the meadow, and, finally, the bay of the (river) Dim, and also the surface of the Qomaç, got covered evenly with bluish ice. ...

Əniləreñ nərsə didelər? (I don’t know yet, but the person I’m asking spoke to their parents, so they know what they said)
What did your parents say?

⚠️ Witnessing the action is the main indicator of the Past Tense I. Another indicator can be:

- An action took place once in the recent past or it was a swift action.

Əni, Marat şaltıratmadımı? (Riza İşmorat, “Bistə qızı Gölsinə”)
Mother, hasn’t Marat called?

Cide yəşlek ulım, muyınımnan qoçaqladı da, sawbullaşıp, çığıp yögerde. (Ğərif Axunov)

Next week we’re gonna learn the Past Tense II and compare the two tenses.

#tt_intermediate
Zodiac signs

♈️ Quçqar – Aries
♉️ Ügezbozaw – Taurus
♊️ İgezəklər – Gemini
♋️ Qısla – Cancer
♌️ Arıslan – Leo
♍️ Qız – Virgo
♎️ Ülçəw – Libra
♏️ Çayan – Scorpio
⛎ Yılanlı – Ophiuchus (Zodiak yoldızlıqlarına kermi, əmma Qoyaş annan ütep bara)
♐️ Uqçı – Sagittarius
♑️ Kəcəmögez – Capricorn
♒️ Suqoyar – Aquarius
♓️ Balıqlar – Pisces

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