Barığıznıñ da 2024-nçe yılı bəxetle həm möbarək bulsın, monda buluwığız həm tatar tele belən qızıqsınuwığız öçen rəxmət yawsın! Min sezneñ öçen tağın bik küp tel həm mədəniyət turında kontent əzerlədem 🤍

I wish all of you a blissful and blessed 2024, and thank you for being here and your interest in Tatar! I have so much more language and culture content in store for you 🤍

#tt_newbie
Interrogative Pronouns

kem – who
nərsə, ni – what
qay, qaysı – which
nindi – what kind of
niçə – how many
küpme – how much
niçənçe – which one (number)
niçəşər – how many each
niçələp – approximately how many
niqәdər, niçaqlı, nixətle – how much
niçek – how, in what manner
nik, nigə – why
qayda – where
qaya – to where
qaydan, qayan – from where
qayçan – when

❔Let’s look at the pronouns in a dialog, where a nosy neighbor wants to know everything about your painting:

A: Səlam, kürşe! Nişlədeñ bügen?
B: Səlam! Rəsem yasıy idem.
A: Şəp! Nindi rəsem?
B: Tawlar həm qoyaş bayışı belәn peyzaj. Ker, əydə kürsətəm.
A: Rəxmət. Bik matur kilep çıqqan. Bu rəsemne yasar öçen niçə səğət kitte?
B: Öç səğət çaması waqıt kirək buldı.
A: Wow, bigrək tiz! Küpme buyaw qullandıñ?
B: Min berniçə törle tös qullandım, əmma küp tügel. Bəlki ike keçkenə tüb kitkәnder.
A: Qızıq! Sineñ yaratqan töseñ qaysısı?
B: Zəñgər tösmerlərne qullanırğa yaratam. Tınıçlandıralar mine.
A: Nigə bu yulı peyzaj sayladıñ?
B: Küptən tügel genә qılğan tawlarğa səyəxətem ilhamlandırdı.
A: Qaya bardıñ?
B: Alp tawlarına. Bu bik matur ide!
A: Şəp. Qayçan buldıñ?
B: Uzğan ay bardım. Hawa torışı səyəxət həm rəsem yasaw öçen bik yaxşı ide.
A: Minem də barasım kilə. Niçek barıp citteñ anda?
B: Duslarım belən maşinada yörep qayttım. Əmma poyezd belən də barıp bula.
A: Şulaymıni? Ə poyezd qaydan kitә?
B: Töp stansiyədən.
A: Ə-ə. Yarar, min sine bütən büldermim. Kürsətkəneñ öçen rəxmət! Əydə, uñışlar siña.
B: Rəxmət!
___________________________

A: Hi neighbor! What did you do today?
B: Hey! I was working on my painting.
A: That's cool! What kind of painting?
B: It's a landscape with mountains and a sunset. Come in, let me show you.
A: Thanks! It looks really nice. How many hours did it take you to paint it?
B: About three hours.
A: Wow, that's fast! How much paint did you use?
B: I used a few different colors, but not much. Maybe two small tubes.
A: Interesting! Which one is your favorite color to work with?
B: I really like using shades of blue. They calm me down.
A: And why did you choose a landscape this time?
B: I was inspired by a recent trip to the mountains.
A: Where did you go?
B: I went to the Alps. It was beautiful!
A: Cool. When did you go there?
B: I went last month. The weather was perfect for hiking and painting.
A: Nice! I'd love to go there too. How did you get there?
B: I drove with some friends. But you can also go by train.
A: Is that so? Where does it depart from?
B: From the main station.
A: Alright. I won't keep you from your painting any longer. Thanks for showing! Good luck.
B: Thanks!

#tt_beginner
Indefinite pronouns I

💬 Indefinite pronouns are formed by:

a) placing the particle əllə before the interrogative pronouns;

b) joining the suffix -dır, -der, -tır, -ter to the interrogative pronouns.

əllə kem – kemder
(somebody, someone)
əllə nərsə / əllə ni – nərsəder / nider
(something)
əllə nindi – nindider
(some kind of, something like)
əllə niçek – niçekter
(somehow, in some way)
əllə qayda – qaydadır
(somewhere, someplace)
etc.

ℹ️ Furthermore, the stress shifts towards the word əllə when it precedes an interrogative pronoun:

əllə´ nərsə – something (very vague)
əllə´ niçek – how, in what way (very vague)

💬 Teləsə (if he/she/it wishes) is combined with interrogative pronouns to form compound indefinite pronouns:

teləsə kem – anybody, whoever
teləsə nərsə – anything, whatever
teləsə niçek – anyhow
teləsə qaydan – from anywhere
teləsə qayçan – whenever

ℹ️ Compound indefinite pronouns formed with teləsə indicate that the action may be directed towards the person, place, or thing expressed by the pronouns, if the subject so desires.

Teləsə kem belən söyləşergə xaqım bar (İbrahim Ğəzi, “Onıtılmas yıllar”)
I have the right to talk with anybody I want.

💬 Combined with interrogative pronouns, da bulsa / bulsa da ("if it is") form compound indefinite pronouns:

kem də bulsa / kem bulsa da – anybody
nərsə də bulsa – anything
qayda da bulsa – anywhere
qayçan da bulsa – some time, one day (in the future), ever
nindi də bulsa – any (kind of)
niçek tə bulsa – somehow

Əllə berər cirdə, qayda da bulsa yıraqta, minem tiklerək enese barmı ikən? Əllə bik bala canlı keşeme? (Ğömər Bәşirov, “Tuğan yağım, yəşel bişek”)
Does she perhaps have at some place, somewhere far away, a younger brother who is a bit like me? Or is she a person who is very fond of children?

Cəmilə tirləde, qızardı, niçek bulsa da samovarnı ağartıp beterde. (Məcit Ğafuri, “Yarlılar”)
Cəmilə sweated, her face reddened; somehow she got the samovar clean.

#tt_intermediate
5 phrasal verbs

✅ xəl itü – to resolve, decide

Quramşinnıñ qalu-qalmaw məs’ələse, bəlki, əllə qayçan xəl itelgənder inde?!
(Şamil Bikçurin, “Tirən qatlam”)
The matter of whether or not Quramşin would stay had perhaps been already decided on sometime ago!

✅ qarar itü/birü – to decide, resolve

Bez iptəşlər belən söyləşep, tuynı irtəgə ük yasarğa qarar birdek. (Fətxi Burnaş, “Kamali qart”)
My friends and I talked, and we decided to have the wedding tomorrow already.

✅ (infinitive) bulu – to decide to do sth.

Yaña ay başına yartı təwlek qala ul da ... quzğalırğa buldı. (Nurixan Fəttax, “Sızğıra torğan uqlar”)
Half a day before the beginning of the new month, he, too … decided to set out.

✅ çara kürü – to take measures

Quldan kilgən barlıq çaranı kürergə ... kirək. (Kərim Əmiri, “Tañ waqıtı”)
All possible measures must be taken …

✅ köç quyu – to make effort

Söyekle şağirebez Ğabdulla Tuqaynıñ nəsel-nəsəben, qərdəş-ıruların öyrənügə Zəkiyə Rəsulova bik küp köç quydı. (Damir Ğarifullin, “Şəcərələr”)
Zakia Rasulova put a lot of effort into studying the genealogy and relatives of our beloved poet Ğabdulla Tuqay.

#tt_advanced
Tarix

We've already had a geography topic, now let’s move on to history. Here is some useful vocabulary for you to speak about history and politics in Tatar:

🤝 Social and political concepts:

hönərçelər – artisans
səwdəgərlər – merchants
xərbi – military

cenes – gender
səyəsət – politics
saylawlar – elections
xakimlek – authority

qanun çığaru xakimiyəte – legislative power
başqarma xakimiyət – executive power
mәxkәmә xakimiyəte – judicial power

təğlimat – doctrine
dəwlət – state
dəwlət başlığı – the head of state
xökümət – government
xökümət əğzaları – members of the government
ruxanilar – clergymen

cəmğiyət – society
möstəqillek – sovereignty
bəysezlek – independence

🐎 From Tatar history:

Böyek Bolğar ile – Great Bulgaria
Altın Urda – the Golden Horde
Qazan xanlığı – Kazan Khanate
Çirmeş suğışları – Chermesh wars, an uprising of the Chermesh (Mari) people against the policies of the Russian tsarist government after annexation to the Russian Empire. Other peoples of the Volga region participated in the uprising: Tatars, Khants and Mansi

qәbilə – tribe
qorıltay – kurultay (a political and military council of ancient Mongol and Turkic chiefs and khans)
çəçək atu dəwere – prosperity, golden age
səwdə kileşüwe – trade agreement

xəlitkeç suğış – deciding battle
məçetlər cimerü – destruction of mosques
massaküləm açlıq – mass starvation
basıp alu – to conquer
alınu – conquest
höcüm itü – to attack
tar-mar itü – to smash (an enemy)
buysındıru – to subdue
idarə itü – to rule

nigezləw – to found
… şəhərenə nigez salınu – founding of the city of …
barlıqqa kilü – to emerge

fetnə – rebellion
cirle xalıqlar küterəleşe – uprising of local peoples
imperiyə tarqaluwı – collapse of an empire
dekoloniyəlism – decolonialism

Do you have more vocabulary to add to the list? Leave your suggestions in the comments!

#tt_culture
The History of Tatars I: the Volga Bulgaria

📚 This post has been months in making. It is my attempt at summing up 1500+ pages of the first two volumes of “The History of the Tatars” by the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. These cover ancient times and Volga Bulgaria, and there are 5 more volumes (from the Golden Horde to modern times).

Where do Tatars originate from? Why and when did they adopt Islam and how did it influence them socially and culturally?

If you don’t have the energy or time to read the original, I hope you find a quiet evening in your busy life to make yourself a warm cup of tea and just enjoy reading this summary, it’s worth it! And please let me know if you’re interested in me retelling the other volumes in the future 🤍

🌷Subscribe to Learn Tatar for more Tatar content like this!

Öy – Home (part 1)

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#tt_newbie
Home I

🏠 We have already learnt modal words that are used to indicate the presence or absence of persons, things, etc. As a reminder, these words, bar and yuq, take no personal endings.

waqıt bar əle – there is still time
başqa yul yuq – there is no other way

🏡 In our very first beginner post we started the topic of home. You can click on the link to brush up on your personal pronouns and the names of the rooms. Now, let's add more to the home-related vocabulary.

öy – home
yort, öy – house
bina – building
fatir – apartment
qat – floor (first, second, etc.)
lift – elevator, lift
işegaldı – courtyard
uram – street
kürşe – neighbor
yəşəw – to live

Min iske yortnıñ öçençe qatında yəşim. Bezneñ lift yuq. – I live on the third floor of an old house. We don’t have an elevator.

diwar – wall
közge – mirror
rəsem – picture, painting
qaraw – to look

Diwarda ike rəsem həm zur közge bar. – There are two paintings and a big mirror on the wall.

idən – floor (parket, etc.)
işek – door
tərəzə – window
açu – to open
yabu – to close
açqıç – key
bikləw – to close, to lock with a key

Yoqlarğa yatqançı yoqı bülməsendə tərəzələrne açarğa yaratam. – I like opening the windows in the bedroom before going to sleep.

basqıç – staircase
östəl – table
divan – sofa
kənəfi – armchair
urındıq – chair
utıru – to sit
yataq – bed
yatu – to lie

Tür yaqta divan həm ike kənəfi bar. – There is a sofa and two armchairs in the living room.

ut – light
ut qabızu – to turn on the light
ut sünderü – to turn on the light

#tt_beginner
Demonstrative pronouns

👉🏼 To be able to point at objects and identify them, we need demonstrative pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns identify a noun. When used without a noun, they change according to numbers and cases.

bu – this/these
Bu minem öyem. – This is my house.
Bu öylər bezneke. – These houses are ours.

bolar – these (without a noun)
Bolar şundıy matur! – These are so beautiful!

☝🏼 If used without a noun bu takes up different cases and the stem changes to mo- (except for nominative):

Min monı bik yaratam – I like this a lot.

şuşı – this/these (this/these ... here)
Min şuşı fatirda üstem. – I grew up in this apartment (here).

ul – that/those
Ul bina yaña. – That building is new.
Ul uramnarda küp pesilər bar. – In those streets there are a lot of cats.

şul – that/those (that/those ... there)
Әye, şul keşe belәn söylәştem. – Yes, it was that person I talked to.

☝🏼 If used without a noun şul takes up different cases and the stem drops the -l (except for nominative):

Min şunda eşlim. – I work there (e.g., in that building).

tege – that/those (farther away), that/those ... over there
Tege tərəzələrne satıp aldım nihayәt. – I've finally bought those windows.

👉🏼 The plurals (cannot be followed by nouns) are: alar, şular, tegelər.

👉🏼 The following pronouns identify adjectives and take the meaning “such, like this/that, this/that kind of”:

mondıy
şuşındıy
andıy
şundıy
tegendi

👉🏼 The following demonstrative pronouns identify verbs and don’t change according to numbers or cases. They mean “in this/that manner, so (like this/that)”:

bolay
şuşılay
alay
şulay
tegeləy

☝🏼 To the above may be added particles menə (this is, these are, here is/are) or ənə (that there), when they are used to point out a person or thing, located close by or far away respectively:

menə bu keşe – this person here
ənə şul bina – that building there
ənə tege uram – that street over there

Öy – Home (part 2)

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#tt_intermediate
Home II

🏠 Living situation
tulay toraq – dormitory
yallaw – to rent
küçenü – to move

Min studentlar tulay torağında bülmə yallap toram. - I rent a room in a student dorm.

🏗️ House parts
qapqa – gate
qoyma – fence
tübə – roof
morca – chimney
tüşəm – ceiling
poçmaq – corner

Bülməneñ hər poçmağında idənnən tüşəmgə qәdər ürmələp üsə torğan göllər bar ide. - In every corner of the room from the floor up to ceiling there were climbing plants.

🔔 Basics
qıñğıraw – bell
yozaq – lock
cihazlar – conveniences, furniture
qabızğıç/özgeç – (on/off) switch
üzək cılıtu – central heating
cılıtqıç – radiator, heater
kondisioner – air-conditioner
elektr – electricity

Yaña öyebezdə bez üzək cılıtu həm elektr öçen ayırım tülərgə tiyeşbez. – In our new house, we have to pay for the central heating and electricity separately.

🪑 Furniture
kiştə – shelf
tartma – drawer
keləm – carpet
pərdə – curtain
elü – to hang

Əni bezgə uzğan atnada elengən pərdələrgə turı kilgən yaña keləm bülək itte. – My mom gave us a new carpet that matches the curtains we hung last week.

🛏️ Bedsheets
urın-cirləre – bedclothes, bedsheets
cəymə – bedcover
yurğan – blanket
yurğan tışı – duvet cover
mendər – pillow
mendər tışı – pillowcase
kerlər – laundry
ker(lər) yuwu – to do laundry

İrtəgə ker yuğanda mendər həm yurğan tışların yudırtırğa quyçı. – Tomorrow when you do the laundry, please wash the pillow cases and duvet covers.

📺 Household items
yort kirək-yaraqları – household items
seberke – broom
cıyıştıru – to clean up
idən yuwu – to clean the floor
ütük – iron
ütükləw – to iron
tuzan suwırtqıç (robot) – (robot) vacuum cleaner
suwırtu – to vacuum clean
suwıtqıç – fridge
televizor – TV
yuwu maşinası – washing machine
sawıt-saba yuwu maşinası – dishwasher

#tt_advanced
Maturlıq

We're continuing reading the classics of Tatar literature. Here is a (slightly) shortened version of a beautiful and touching story written by Əmirxan Yeniki in 1964. Hope you enjoy reading it and learn some new vocabulary I have highlighted for you! 🌸

#tt_culture
Tatar architecture

In ancient times, Tatar settlements had circular fortifications, ditches, and occasionally palisade walls. They housed a mix of dwellings, transitioning seasonally from yurts to wooden houses primarily made of pine.

The flourishing era of Volga Bulgaria saw a shift from wooden to stone structures influenced by Muslim regions, evident in diverse remnants at Bilyar hillfort's archaeological sites. During the Golden Horde era in Bolğar, monumental stone structures blended Seljuk Eastern influences with unique features like sloping wooden roofs, exemplified by surviving structures like the Bolğar Cathedral Mosque.

The Kazan Khanate's architecture, influenced by the Golden Horde and Islamic traditions, showcased diverse development, fusing styles from Topkapı Palace and the Golden Horde Khan's palace. The post-Golden Horde era marked the zenith of Tatar feudal culture, seen in sophisticated decorative arts. Museums proudly display artifacts that blend Turkish, Central Asian, Caucasian, and Iranian influences, showcasing the Kazan Khanate's cultural achievements and advanced defensive technologies.

After the Russian conquest, Tatar culture faced significant challenges, including the annihilation of urban civilization, dismantling of state institutions, and forced christianization. Despite these hardships, Tatar traditions persisted in Kazan, where the closed layout of homesteads, influenced by Islamic principles, endured. Tatar architecture evolved, blending Western styles such as Baroque and Classicism while maintaining its uniqueness.

In the 19th to early 20th century, Tatar mosque architecture underwent a complex evolution. Despite discrimination, a distinctive compositional type emerged, showcasing a synthesis of Tatar and Russian elements. Tatar buildings featured a vibrant color palette, influenced by Islamic principles and Middle Eastern traditions.

The Soviet era saw the suppression of Jadidist intellectuals, repurposing of mosques, and standardization of administrative buildings, impacting individuality. In the 1970s, Kazan witnessed urban development, but the prevalent use of concrete sometimes led to a lack of decorative elements. The modern period in Tatarstan reflects a mix of residential construction, restoration of old buildings, engagement with foreign firms, and a quest for solutions honoring historical traditions.

Changes in state policies and the rise of a prosperous Tatar class led to the development of Tatar-Muslim infrastructure across the empire. Despite challenges like the 1917 revolution, the resurgence began in the 1990s with Tatarstan gaining sovereignty.

Now, Kazan proudly preserves 13 historical mosques, exhibiting a unique Tatar style with roof minarets structures aligned along the qibla. Tatar mosques, with their more secular architectural style, got preserved from complete destruction during the Soviet era, with only the minarets usually dismantled as the buildings were repurposed for state and public uses.

___________________________
The History of the Tatars since ancient times in seven volumes, 2017. V.2 (589-592), V.3 (646-671) V.4 (604-615, 639-643), V.5 (586-594), V.6 (652-674) and V.7 (337-340)

https://inde.io/article/5598-15-minutnyy-putevoditel-stili-i-formy-tatarskoy-arhitektury