October 15 is a notable date in Tatar history – Xәter köne (Memorial Day of the Defenders of Kazan). On this day, the Kazan Khanate was captured by Ivan the Terrible in 1552.

The confrontation between the Moscow kingdom and the Kazan Khanate in the 16th century was a feudal war for territories until the fall of Kazan. After the capture of Tatar capital and the accession of the liquidated khanate lands to the possessions of Moscow Tsar, relations for many centuries passed into the format of colonial dependence, enslavement, the use of Tatar lands and Tatar people as a resource for the growth of a cruel, strong and aggressive Russian state with its capital in Moscow.
After the capture of Kazan, the entire territory of the Middle Volga region was captured by the Moscow kingdom. In addition to Tatars, the power of Moscow Tsar was extended to many peoples who had previously been subject to the former Kazan Khanate: Chuvash, Udmurts, Mari, Bashkirs. For the first time, Moscow annexed a large neighboring state beyond the borders of the former principalities of Russia, to which it now refers itself in its historiography. Soon after, Astrakhan Khanate (1556) and Siberian Khanate (1582) were conquered and annexed. Kazan Khanate became a victim of the imperial ambitions of Ivan the Terrible, his occupation policy towards the conquered peoples, aimed at their destruction. The planned Russification and Christianization of Tatars began. In parallel, there was an operation to erase the memory of the people: about their heroes, outstanding personalities, exploits, successes and achievements. This operation is still ongoing.

The aspiration of Tatars to declare independence in the 90s of the last century was treated in Moscow as Tatar separatism, although the demands of Tatars were based, among other things, on the fact of the siege and liquidation of the Kazan Khanate. Tatars of the Republic of Tatarstan repeatedly went out on October 15 to rallies under the slogans “The goal is independence!” and “Freedom!” At the rallies, they talked about the problems of their people: the closure of Tatar schools, the translation of education into Russian, the curtailment of Tatar television and radio broadcasting, the liquidation of Tatar newspapers and magazines, and the oppression of cultural and religious identity.

🔗 https://idel-ural.org/en/archives/then-this-all-started/

#tt_newbie #tt_beginner #tt_intermediate #tt_advanced

Spelling rules – based partially on Neo-alif by @bababashqort and partially on the Zamanalif.

In our first post we introduced post, we introduced you to the Tatar alphabet. The Latin-based alphabet represents all the sounds that the Cyrillic-based one doesn’t. You can listen to each sound in that previous post and then come back to get acquainted with the rules for the correct spelling.

1️⃣ The Cyrillic "ц" is transliterated as “ts”:
цунами → tsunami

"Сц" is transliterated just as “s” in the Latin spelling, “це” and “ци” as “se” and “si” respectively in loanwords:
сценарий → senariy
цент → sent
цивилизация → sivilizasiya

2️⃣ Letters “я, е, ю” at the beginning of a syllable are transliterated as "ya, yı, yu" if the syllable has a back vowel (ел → yıl), and as "yə, ye, yü" if the syllable has a front vowel (егерме → yegerme).

3️⃣ “W” is written instead of the Cyrillic “в” and “y” as a semivowel at the end of the words:
авыл → awıl
тау → taw
сөйләү → söyləw
сайлау → saylaw

✔️ In Tatar, a vowel can not be followed by another vowel, except in the newest loanwords with the original spelling.

4️⃣ When the letter “u” or “ü” is followed by a vowel, a “w” is put between the vowels:
алуы → aluwı
уу → uwu
китүе → kitüwe
көлүе → kölüwe

✔️ Exception: the imperative verb “у” (to scrub) is written as “uw”, not “u”

5️⃣ Syllables "ка, га, ко, го, кый, гый, кы, гы, ку, гу" are spelled as "qa, ğa, qo, ğo, qıy, ğıy, qı, ğı, qu, ğu" if there are back vowels in the word:

бака → baqa
кояш → qoyaş
чокый → çoqıy
гына → ğına
агу → ağu

6️⃣ If the word has front vowels (in the Arabic and Persian loanwords), these syllables are spelled "qə, ğə, qö, ğö, qi, ği, qe, ğe, qü, ğü":

гомер → ğömer
кагыйдә → qəğidə
кыйммәт → qimmət
шөгыль → şöğel
куәт → qüwət

7️⃣ If at the end of a word with front vowels there is a "къ" or "гъ", "къ" transliterates as "q" and "гъ" as "ğ".
нәкъ → nəq

8️⃣ "Ь" is not transliterated in any way.

9️⃣ The apostrophe ( ' ) indicates the glottal stop in certain loanwords, such as “Qör'ən”, “tə'sir” or “ma'may”

✔️ If no available fonts support the letter “Əə”, it can be replaced by “Ää”

✔️ The dot is used to indicate ordinal numbers:
20. bittə – on page 20
8. bülektə – in section 8

✔️ The following type of quotation marks is used: “ ”.

#tt_info
We have a bot to navigate through our topics as of 14.10.2023. If you want to re-read some posts or you skipped some, you can use the bot to find them quickly!

#tt_newbie
I'm from...

Sin qaydan? – Where are you from?
Sin qayda tudıñ? – Where were you born?
Sin qayda yəşiseñ? – Where do you live?

Min ...dan/dən. – I’m from…
Min ...da/də tudım. – I was born in…
Tuğan ilem / cirem ... – My home country / homeland is…
Min ...da/də yəşim. – I live in…
Min ...dan/dən ....ğa/gə küçendem. – I moved from … to …

🇦🇿 Azərbaycan - Azerbaijan
🇩🇪 Almaniyə - Germany
🇺🇸 Amerika Quşma Ştatları (AQŞ) – United States of America (USA)
🇦🇺 Awstraliyə - Australia
🇩🇿 Əlcəzair – Algeria
🇦🇲 Ərmənstan – Armenia
🇦🇫 Əfğənstan – Afghanistan
💙🤍💚 Başqortstan – Bashkortostan
🇧🇭 Bəxrəyn – Bahrain
🇦🇪 Berləşkən Ğərəp Əmirlekləre – United Arab Emirates
🇬🇧 Böyekbritaniyə (Berləşkən patşalıq) – Great Britain (United Kingdom)
🇵🇸 Fəlestin – Palestine
🇬🇪 Görcistan – Georgia
🇮🇶 Ğiraq – Iraq
🇮🇳 Hindstan – India
🇿🇦 Könyaq Afrika Cömhüriyəte – Republic of South Africa
🇰🇷 Könyaq Koreya – South Korea
🇸🇸 Könyaq Sudan – South Sudan
🇰🇼 Küwəyt – Kuwait
🇵🇱 Ləxstan – Poland
🇱🇧 Lübnən – Lebanon
🇭🇺 Macarstan – Hungary
🇪🇬 Misır – Egypt
🇲🇪 Montenegro – Montenegro
🇳🇱 Niderlandlar - Netherlands
🇵🇰 Pakstan – Pakistan
🇰🇿 Qazaqstan – Kazakhstan
🇨🇾 Qıbrıs – Cyprus
🇰🇬 Qırğıstan – Kyrgyzstan
🇨🇳 Qıtay – China
🇷🇺 Rusiyə, Rəsəy – Russia
🇸🇦 Soğud Ğərəpstanı – Saudi Arabia
🇸🇧 Söləyman Utrawları – Solomon Islands
🇸🇾 Süriyə – Syria
💚🤍❤️ Tatarstan - Tatarstan
🇹🇯 Tacikstan – Tajikistan
🇰🇵 Tönyaq Koreya – North Korea
🇹🇲 Törekmənstan – Turkmenistan
🇹🇷 Törkiyə – Türkiye
🇺🇦 Ukrayina - Ukraine
🇨🇫 Üzək Afrika Cömhüriyəte – Central African Republic
🇺🇿 Üzbəkstan – Uzbekistan
🇯🇴 Ürdün – Jordan
🇪🇹 Xəbəşstan – Ethiopia
🇾🇪 Yəmən – Yemen
🇳🇿 Yaña Zelandiyə – New Zealand
🇬🇷 Yunanstan – Greece

These countries have names that differ from English or have a special spelling. Most other countries' names are quite close to English.

Let me know in the comments: sez qaydan? (where are you from?)
Qayda yəşisez? (Where do you live?)
If you’re from Tatarstan, feel free to mention the district (in Tatar, of course 😉)

Tatarstan rayonnarı | Tatarstan's districts

Subscribe to our channel @learn_tt for more Tatar content like this!

#tt_beginner
Ablative

The ablative is formed with the suffixes -dan, -dәn, -tan, -tәn, -nan, -nәn.

🔹 -dan, -dәn are joined to the stems ending in a vowel or a voiced consonant:

bülmәdәn - from the room
yuldan - from the road

🔹 -tan, -tәn to the stems ending in a voiceless consonant:

taştan - out of stone,
tişektәn - from the hole,

🔹 -tan to loanwords ending in b, g, d:

klubtan - from the club
Orenburgtan - from Orenburg
sudtan - from the court

🔹 -nan, -nәn to stems ending in nasals:

tönnәn - from the night
miñnәn - from the mole
bülemnәn - from the department

🔹 If the stem is the possessive third person singular or plural, an n precedes the ablative suffix. This n requires the ablative in its form of -nan, -nәn:

dustınnan - from his/her friend
küzlәrennәn - from his/her eyes

🔷 The ablative functions:

· As the object denoting the person or thing from whom or from which something is received, bought, taken away, asked, etc.:

Yuq, min sinnən bülək qabul itə almıym ... (Əmirxan Yeniki, "Rəşə")
No, I cannot accept a present from you …

· As the object of verbs governing this case. Such verbs are rather numerous. They may be verbs of feeling, e.g.:

oyalu - to be ashamed of
qurqu - to be afraid of
şiklənü - to doubt / be suspicious of
tuyu - to be full / fed up
könləşü - to be jealous of

· Or they may be verbs of various meanings, such as:

saqlanu - to guard oneself against
qotılu - to save oneself, to escape
ayırılu - to part / to differ
faydalanu - to make use of
kölü - to laugh (about)
soraw - to ask
etc.

Nərsədən kölələr ikən? - What can they be laughing about?

· As the object denoting the characteristic by which someone or something is recognized:

Monı niçekter anıñ tışqı qıyəfətennən ük sizep bula ide. (Əmirxan Yeniki, "Rəşə")
Somehow one could feel this from his very appearance.

· As the object denoting the material of which something is made:

Biredə təcribəle ostalar üzləreneñ şəkertləren metaldan, agaçtan, döyə söyəgennən, baqa qabıqlarınnan törle matur əyberlər yasarğa öyrətələr... (Luiza Şəydullina, "Piramidalar ilendə")
Here, experienced masters are teaching their students to make various beautiful objects out of metal, wood, camel bone, tortoise shells…

· As the object denoting the point toward which the action is directed:

qıznıñ qullarınnan tottı - took the girl by her hands
ulınıñ mañğayınnan übep, qarşısına utırdı - he kissed his son on his forehead and sat down in front of him

· Furthermore, the ablative gives precision to an action in many ways: motion or distance from a point or place, time, age, cause, manner, measure, and degree:

Min keçe yəştən kitap uqırğa yarata idem. (Gölşəhidə, "Minem qala aluwım")
I have loved reading books since childhood.

· The ablative also singles out a part from a whole:

köndəlektən ber bit - a page from the diary

· The ablative is used to express comparison:

sinnən yaxşıraq beləm - I know better than you

🔷 Let's look at how the ablative is used in the dialog:

A: Saləm, min baqçamnan qaytıp cittem.
B: Niçek anda?
A: Küp itep alma cıydım. Teləsəñ, minnən beraz ala alasıñ.
B: Rəxmət. Qızım öçen almadan püre yasarğa yaratam.
A: Minnən hərwaqıt alma sorıy alasıñ, bıyıl minem uñış küp.
B: Rəxmət yawsın. Siña min yasağan alma püresennən bersen birermen.
A: Tizrək aşap qarıysım kilə.

________________

A: Hi, I just came back from my garden.
B: Oh, how was it?
A: I picked a lot of apples. If you want, you can take some from me.
B: Thank you. I like making puree out of apples for my daughter.
A: You can always ask me for fresh apples, I have a lot of harvest this year.
B: Thank you so much. I’m going to give you one of the jars of apple puree that I make.
A: I can’t wait to try it.

#tt_intermediate
Postpositions Governing the Ablative

🕐 Postpositions meaning from, from ... on, since:

alıp
başlap
birle

Şul könnən alıp bez anıñ belən yöreşə başladıq, ... (Ğalimcan İbrahimov, “Tabiğət balaları”)
From that day on he and I began dating each other, …

❌ Postpositions meaning besides, except, without:

başqa (less frequent: bütən)

Anıñ çığıp kitüwen minnən başqa berəw də kürməde ... (Mirsəy Əmir, “Ağidel”)
Nobody except for me saw him leave …

➕ Postpositions meaning besides, in addition to:

qala
tış

Ğədəti çülməklərdən tış, biredə çit illərdən kiterelgən qimmətle sawıtlar ... tabıldı. (S.S. Aydarov, “Bolğar şəhəre”)
Besides ordinary earthenware, costly vessels ... imported from abroad were found here.

arı – beyond, more

Miña monnan arı barırğa röxsət yuq. (Tatar xalıq əkiyətləre, “Aq büre”)
I am not allowed to go beyond this (point).

soñ – after

Şul könnən soñ awıl minem küñelemne tarta başladı. (Ğalimcan İbrahimov, "Kötüçelər")
After that day, the village began to tug at my heart.

elek - before

Kerüweñnən elek çığıwuñnı uyla. (Proverb)
Before you enter, think of your way out.

#tt_advanced
Cәğrafiyə

Continuing this week’s geography topic, let’s dive into some geography-related vocabulary.

qitğa – continent
ozınlıq – longitude
kiñlek – latitude
qotıp – pole
Könyaq / Tönyaq qotıp – South / North pole

Fizik cәğrafiyə - tawlar, üzənnər, yassı tawlıqlar həm tigezleklər kebek Cirneñ öslegeneñ üzençəlekləre turında fən.

Cәğraflar bu cir öslekləren formalaştıruçı prosesslarnı tikşerələr, eroziyə, tektonik xərəkətlər, bozlıqnı öyrәnәlәr.

yarımutraw – peninsula
tıyulıq – reserve
tigezlek – plain
tübənlek – lowland
taw oçı – peak
yanartaw – volcano
qalqulıq – hill
tarlawıq – gorge
yassı tawlıq – plateau
üzən – valley
bolın – meadow
bitləw – slope
qır – field
qıya – cliff
borın – cape
buğaz – strait
qultıq – gulf
çül – desert
dala – steppe

Biocәğrafiyə planetalarda üsemleklərneñ həm xaywannarnıñ taralaşın öyrənə. Ul ekosistemalar, biologik törlelek, klimatnıñ xaywannar törləreneñ taraluğa ta’siren tikşerə.

Hidrologiyə Cirdәge yılğalarnı, küllərne, sazlıqlarnı, cir astı suların həm okeannarnı öyrənə. Ul su xərəkəten, anıñ sıyfatın, peyzaj formalaştırudağı rolen tikşerə.

sazlıq – swamp
buwa – pond
ineş – brook
çığanaq – source
yar – shore
ağım – current
tamaq – mouth
şarlawıq – waterfall

Fizik cәğraflar awıl xucalığı həm cirdən faydalanu öçen kirək bulğan tufraqnıñ üzençəlekləren həm formalaşuwın öyrənələr. Alar şulay uq ​​tufraq eroziyəsen həm degradasiyəsen tikşerələr.

#tt_culture
Baqi Urmançe

Ğabdelbaqi Urmançe was a Tatar artist who engaged in everything from painting and sculpture to graphic arts and even Arabic calligraphy. He didn’t just keep his skills to himself: he shared his wisdom as a teacher and left behind a legacy of professional Tatar painting.

He was born on February 10, 1897, in the family of the Kül Çerkene village mullah, he got his early education at home. After studying at the "Möxəmmədiyə" madrasa in Kazan, he took up teaching in the Tambov province. In 1916-1917, while serving in Kazakhstan, he received his first painting and drawing lessons from Austrian prisoners of war. These early lessons set him on a creative path that led him to study painting, sculpture, and graphic arts in both Kazan and Moscow.

Urmançe was on a mission to improve the Arabic graphic font. He developed new fonts, penned scientific articles, and even dabbled in the design of vases with Arabic inscriptions.

In 1927, he signed a letter to Stalin on behalf of 82 people urging against the cancellation of the Arabic script for Tatar language. Unfortunately, this act led to his arrest in 1929 and a subsequent 5-year imprisonment for “inciting national enmity.” He served his sentence on the remote Solovki Islands until 1933, only to be vindicated and acquitted in 1990.

Urmançe’s creativity was an intriguing blend of Tatar tradition and European artistic techniques, making him a true bridge between cultures.

In the 1920s, Urmançe’s artistic endeavors expanded to the realms of canvas and book illustration. His "Near the Separator" (1927), "Portrait of Bikbulatov" (1927), "Girl in Yellow Dress" (1928), not only found a place in the treasure trove of Soviet and Tatar paintings but also etched his name in art history.

“Sarı külməkle qız” (1928)

Baqi Urmançe