Law Prep Tutorial - CLAT Coaching
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SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION

Special Leave Petition means that an individual takes special permission to be heard in appeal against any high court/ tribunal verdict. It can be filed in case a high court refuses to grant the certificate of fitness for appeal to Supreme Court of India.

Special leave petition in India holds a prime place in the Judiciary of India, and has been provided as a "residual power" in the hands of Supreme Court of India to be exercised only in cases when any substantial question of law is involved, or gross injustice has been done.
ULTRA VIRES
Ultra Vires is a Latin phrase meaning "acting or done beyond one's legal power or authority". If an act requires legal authority and it is done with such authority then it is called as Intra Vires, whereas if it is done without such authority then it is characterized in law as Ultra Vires.
Hague Abduction Convention


The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (also known as Hague Abduction Convention or Hague Convention) is a multilateral treaty. The Convention was drafted to ensure the prompt return of children who have been abducted from their country of habitual residence or wrongfully retained in the territory of any contracting party to the convention.
In other words, the central objective of the Convention is to restore the child custody
arrangement which existed immediately before an alleged wrongful abduction or retention.
Such a provision prevents a parent from crossing national boundaries in search of a more sympathetic court.
The Convention was concluded in1980 and entered into force in 1983. The convention was
developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH). The Convention applies only to children under the age of 16. As of March 2019, there are 100 parties to the convention. India is not a party to convention.


What is Private International Law?
Private international law is a body of rules which is used to resolve legal disputes between
private individuals who live in different countries.


What is Hague Conference on Private International Law?
The Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) is an international
organisation. It works in the field of private international law. It develops and administers
several international conventions and protocols.
The Hague Conference was first convened in 1893 in The Hague, Netherlands. After World
War II, the Hague Conference transformed into an international organisation.
India is not party to convention
The government is not yet ready to sign the Hague treaty. There has been immense internationally pressure to sign the convention. However, Indian government is of the view
that the adoption of the convention could lead to harassment of women escaping marital discord or domestic violence.
The government also opposes the central provision of the Hague Convention. The central
provision says that the criterion of habitual residence of the child, which is used to determine whether the child was wrongfully removed by a parent as well as to seek the
return of the child to the country of habitual residence, was not always in the best interest
of the child.
ARE THE POWERS OF LOK SABHA AND RAJYA SABHA SAME?
The Constitution has given equal power to Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha except in certain matters like those for the executive and the money bills. This is primarly because of the parliamentary system of government which intentionally has made Rajya Sabha less influential than the Lok Sabha that is having members who are directly elected by the people. There is no denying the fact that the Rajya Sabha has the right of information. It does from time to time criticise actions and policies of the government but it cannot cause a fall of the Governments as the defeat of the Government in the Rajya Sabha does not lead to the resignation of the Council of Ministers. However, Rajya Sabha does enjoy the exclusive powers with regard to creation of All-India Services and in respect of legislation on State List in the national interest.
National Green Tribunal Act

Definition

The legislate Act of Parliament defines the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 as follows,

"An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Green Tribunal for the effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto".

On 18 October 2010, Justice Lokeshwar Singh Pantabecame its first Chairman. JusticeSwatanter Kumar retired on 20 December 2017.After him acting chairman of NGT was Justice Jawad Rahim..retired justice Adarsh Kumar Goel is the incumbent chairman of national green tribunal.

The Tribunal's dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy environmental justice and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts.

TheTribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. The tribunal is mandated to make and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same.

Initially, the NGT is proposed to be set up at five places of sittings and will follow circuit procedure for making itself more accessible; New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other place of sitting of the Tribunal.

Origin

During the summit of United Nations Conference on Environment and Developmentin June 1992,

India vowed the participating states to provide judicial and administrative remedies for the victims of the pollutants and other environmental damage.

There lie many reasons behind the setting up of this tribunal. After India's move with Carbon credits, such tribunal may play a vital role in ensuring the control of emissions and maintaining the desired levels.

This is the first body of its kind that is required by its parent statute to apply the "polluter pays" principle and the principle of sustainable development.

This court can rightly be called ‘special’ because India is the third country following Australia and New Zealand to have such a system. Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) works under the act of (NGT).
INTER-STATE COUNCILS
Under Article 263 of the Constitution the President is empowered to establish an inter-State Council, at any time, if he satisfies that public interest would be served thereby. Constitution outlines the duties and responsibilities of this Commission. These are:-
• To inquiry into and advising upon disputes which may have arisen between States.
• To investigate and discuss subject of common interest between the Union and the States or between two or more States.
• To make recommendation for co-ordination of policy and action relating to such subject.
In exercise of this power the President has established a Central Council of Health, a Central Council of Local Self-Government, and a Transport Development Council. However, the Sarkaria Commission on Center- State relation has recommended the constitution of
a permanent Inter-State Council. Such a council was set up in 1990 consisting six Union Cabinet Ministers and the Chief Ministers of all States. Prime Minister is the chairman of this council.
Verbal Logical Reasoning Tests

Verbal logic tests always consist of a series of questions based on short passages called stimuli.

Each stimulus takes the form of an argument – a conclusion based on evidence. You will need to understand the stimulus to answer the questions based on it.

Common types of questions include weakening, strengthening, assumption, main point, inference, and parallel logic.

Each is designed to test your ability to understand, analyze, evaluate and manipulate arguments.

Test Taking Strategy

The best approach to tackling logical reasoning tests entails being an active reader.

This means thinking about what you're reading; paraphrasing the complicated parts; determining the topic, scope, the author's purpose and passage structure, and author's voice; and asking yourself questions about the passage.

Understanding Assumption

One type of logical reasoning question involves identifying an assumption.

An assumption bridges the gap between an argument's evidence and conclusion. It is a piece of support that is not explicitly stated but that is required for the conclusion to remain valid.

When a question asks you to find an author's assumption, it's asking you to find the statement without which the argument falls apart.

In order to test whether a statement is necessarily assumed by an author, you can use the denial test.

Simply deny or negate the statement and see if the argument falls apart. If it does, that choice is a necessary assumption.

If, on the other hand, the argument is unaffected, the choice is wrong.

Let's consider an example:

"Edward plays badminton for Epsom High School. Therefore, Edward must be over six feet tall."

In this statement, the second sentence is theconclusion and the first sentence is theevidence for it. However, in this case the argument is not complete. The piece that is missing is the assumption.

From the information above, we can rephrase the example as: "All badminton players for Epsom High School are over six feet tall". Now we can use the denial test. If it was not true that all badminton players for Epsom High School are over six feet tall, then we could not logically conclude that Edward must be taller than six feet. It would be possible that he was, but it would also possible that he was not.

By denying the statement like this, the argument has fallen to pieces; it is no longer valid. This is our proof that the statement above is a necessary assumption of this argument.

Tips on How to Prepare for Your Logical Reasoning Test

Logical reasoning ability is closely correlated with general intelligence. However, familiarity with the types of questions you might face and some strategies for solving the questions will certainly help you perform better.

Here are five top tips:

Practice sample diagrammatic IQ tests.

It can be useful to develop amental checklist of strategies to solve logical reasoning questions, such as a list of different rules that govern size, shape, number etc. This can help you to work more methodically in the test.

Look at one rule at a time. There may be extraneous data within the question, which is designed to confuse you. Focusing on a single aspect can help you work out what is important and what's not.

Manage your time. Sometimes you will come up against a question where you just cannot see the answer. Tempting as it can be, don't spend too much time on it. Move on and if you have time at the end, go back and check it.

If you’re struggling to find a pattern, sometimes there are clues in the answers. Look for any patterns or themes in the possible answers; that might help you spot what is important within the question. For example, if you have a sequence of shapes and all of the answers are squares or triangles, you know that the next shape in the sequence must be either a square or a triangle, which could help guide you as to why.
Hindi Divas is celebrated on 14 September because on this day in 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India had adopted Hindi written in Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India.

But this didn't come as easily as it sounds. To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favor of Hindi, most notable person Beohar Rajendra Sinha along with Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Kaka Kalelkar, Maithili Sharan Guptand Seth Govind Das who even debated in Parliament on this issue.

As such, on the 50th birthday of Deodhar Rajendra Sinha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following adoption of Hindi as the official language.

This decision was ratified by the Constitution of India that came into effect on 26 January 1950. Under the Article 343 of the Indian Constitution, Hindi written inDevanagari script was adopted as the official language.

In all, there are 22 Scheduled languages of India, of which, two are officially used at Union government's of India level: Hindi and English. Hindi is spoken by 250 million people as the original language and it is the fourth language of the world.
Question of the day

Which type of climate called granaries of the world..
Answer

Prairies-Temperate Grasslands
Breaking News-

👉Reigning world champion PV Sindhu has been recommended for Padma Bhushan by the ministry this year.
👉She had been earlier recommended for this award in 2017.
👉The third highest civilian honour will come to her after her landmark victory in World championship over Japan's Nozomi Okohura.
👉Mary Kom has been recommended for the Padma Vibhushan Award, India’s second-highest civilian award.
👉She has become the first woman athelete to receive such Award.
👉Prime Minister Narendra Modi will receive an award from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan during his visit to the United States in September 2019.
Rajasthan government released biofuel rules-2019 on the eve of the World Biofuel Day. 
👉Deputy Chief Minister Sachin Pilot said Rajasthan is the first state in the country to bring the policy for biofuel after the notification of the Centre.
Happy Engineer’s Day!

September 15, 2019

The community of engineers celebrates the Birth anniversary of the greatest Indian Engineer Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya known as sir MV ,who has a flair for engineering complex problem and nation building. 15th September is celebrated as Engineers Day every year to give tribute to the MV sir.

This year (2019) we are going to celebrate the 51st anniversary of engineers day and 15th birth anniversary of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya.



Home  Article

Happy Engineer’s Day!

September 15, 2019

The community of engineers celebrates the Birth anniversary of the greatest Indian Engineer Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya known as sir MV ,who has a flair for engineering complex problem and nation building. 15th September is celebrated as Engineers Day every year to give tribute to the MV sir. This year (2019) we are going to celebrate the 51st anniversary of engineers day and 15th birth anniversary of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya.



Know Who Was Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya?

He was born on 15th September 1861 in Muddenahalli near Chikkaballapur. He started his career as one of the most prolific economist, civil engineer, statesman,dam builder, economist,  and can be recognized among the last century’s foremost nation-builders. He also served as Diwan of mysore from 1912 to 1918 and worked as chief engineer bearing all the responsibilities for the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam situated in Mysore as well as as the chief designer of the flood protection system in Hyderabad.He was also awarded with “Bharat Ratna” by Government of India for his outstanding contribution to the society.He also transformed the Mysore state into what was then known as famous ‘model state’. The list of his contribution to the society is endless.

Why Do We Celebrate Engineer’s Day?

It is celebrated to appreciate the great work of Sir MV for the development of various places which are now known as the most developed cities of  India. Sir MV is called as international hero, who can be recognized for his great mind in harnessing water resources; after successfully designing and constructing several river dams, bridges and he revolutionized the irrigation system in India by implementing drinking water and irrigation system to all over India.

How Engineer’s Day is celebrated In India?

Every person in the different cities may celebrate the day differently. It is a vast field which includes, technical, civil, mechanical,computer etc. this is the reason why different departments celebrate it in different style. The Difference in celebration can be seen in public and private sector. Public sector follows the annual theme whereas private companies may follow their own
Daily Questions Challenge.....


1. Scientists have discovered water vapor on the planet called Super Earth "K2-18b", with the help of which telescope?

a. Astron Telescope
b. Hubble Space Telescope
c. Broad Band X-ray Telescope
d. Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Telescope

2. Who has been appointed as the new Principal Advisor to the Prime Minister of India?

a. S.k .verma
b. V. n. singh
c. P.k. sinha
d. None of these

3. India's second river multi-modal cargo terminal has been built on which river?

a. Yamuna
b. Koshi
c. Mahanadi
d. Ganga
Answer:
1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 
Question of the day

1.Which organisataion constitutes a committee to cease illegal groundwater extraction?

A.Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
B.Central Pollution Control Board
C.National Green Tribunal
D.Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

2.Which Committee has been constituted by the Union Government to oversee the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) into Union Territories?

A.Sanjay Mitra Committee
B.Rajnath Singh Comittee
C.Amit Shah Committee
D.Ajay Kumar Committee

3.What is the rank of India in Global Happiness Index survey by Ipsos?

A.5th B.8th C.9th D.15th

4.Which of the following author has written 'A Flight of Pigeons'?

A.William Wordsworth
B.Ruskin Bond
C.Leo Tolstoy
D.William Shakespeare

5.The first country to issue paper currency was_________

A.IndiaB.ChinaC.JapanD.UK