July 11, 2021

1 The Power Practice (News-pg no-7)

2 US clampdown on anti- competitive companies (Economy -pg no-9)

3 The ghost takes form and shape (Opinion-pg no-8)

4 G20 Finance chiefs sign off on tax crackdown , warn on virus variants (Economy-pg no-9)

5 Afghan Taliban says it sees China as a friend , promises not to host Uyghur militants (World-pg no-10)

World Population Day, which seeks to focus attention on the urgency and importance of population issues, was established by the then-Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme in 1989, an outgrowth of the interest generated by the Day of Five Billion, which was observed on 11 July 1987.

World Population Day - 11th July 2021

Justice Department launches “Enforcing Contracts Portal”

◼️28th June, 2021 an exclusive “Enforcing Contracts Portal” was inaugurated by Shri Barun Mitra, Secretary (Justice) at the Department of Justice, Delhi 

◼️The portal is envisioned to be a comprehensive source of information pertaining to the legislative and policy reforms being undertaken on the “Enforcing Contracts” parameters.

◼️It includes the latest data related to the functioning and disposal of commercial cases in the Dedicated Commercial Courtsof Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Kolkata.

◼️These Dedicated Commercial Courts have been established for speedy resolution of commercial disputesand boast of dedicated infrastructure and exclusive judicial human power.

Portal contains several features such as

▫️ details/links of the Dedicated Commercial Courts in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Kolkata ;

▫️ instructive videos related to e-filing, advocate registration;

▫️manuals on using the Electronic Case Management Tools(ECMTs) like JustIS app for judicial officers

▫️ e-Courts services app for use by lawyers (developed by the e-Committee, Supreme Court of India)anda repository of all related commercial laws for ready reference.

◼️New portal also hosts online reporting by all High Courts regarding the Mediation and Arbitration centres annexed to the Commercial Courts in order to monitor and promote institutional mediation & arbitration by way of Pre-institution Mediation and Settlement(PIMS) of commercial cases. 

◼️PIMS has been introduced with the aim of reducing pendency of cases and to promote mediation as a viable dispute resolution alternative in commercial cases.

◼️Enforcing Contracts” indicator is within the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) index.

◼️Doing Business Report of World Bank Group benchmarks business regulations across 191 economies of the world.

◼️Index is a ranking system which is an indication of an economy’s position relative to that of other economies across 11 areas of business regulation.

July 12, 2021

1 Taliban at Kandahar gates, India pulls out all nationals from consulate in city ( Main Page-pg no-1)

2 Seizure of assets overseas (Explained-pg no-5)

3 The loss of learning (Editorial Page-pg no-6)

4 Liberating co-ops (Editorial Page-pg no-6)

5 Helping those who help themselves (Ideas-Pg no-7)

6 A check on bad loans (ideas Page-pg no-7)

7 Saying within the lines (Ideas Page-pg no-7)

# CLAT- 2021 Update

July 13, 2021

1 Electing a Speaker, Deputy Speaker (Explained-pg no-5)

2 Grit and Greatness (Editorial Page-pg no-6)

3 Through coloured Glasses (Editorial Page-pg no-6)

4 Family Mis-Planning (Editorial Page-pg no-6)

5 Taliban 2.0 and the Afghan test (Ideas-Pg no-7)

6 Not by market alone (Ideas Page-pg no-7)

7 Cuba sees Biggest protests for Decades (World-pg no-8)

8 After US push, EU pauses tax plan; Ireland sticks to its guns (Economy-pg no-9)

DELIMITATION

• Delimitation literally means the act or process of fixing limits or boundaries of territorial constituencies in a country to represent changes in population.

How delimitation is carried out:-

• Under Article 82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census.

• Under Article 170, States also get divided into territorial constituencies as per Delimitation Act after every Census.

• Once the Act is in force, the Union government sets up a Delimitation Commission.

• The first delimitation exercise was carried out by the President (with the help of the Election Commission) in 1950-51.

• The Delimitation Commission Act was enacted in 1952.

• Delimitation Commissions have been set up four times — 1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002 under the Acts of 1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002.

• There was no delimitation after the 1981 and 1991 Censuses

Delimitation Commission:-

• The Delimitation Commission is appointed by the President of India and works in collaboration with the Election Commission of India.

Composition:-

• Retired Supreme Court judge
Chief Election Commissioner
Respective State Election Commissioners

Functions:-

• To determine the number and boundaries of constituencies to make population of all constituencies nearly equal.

• To identify seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, wherever their population is relatively large.

• In case of difference of opinion among members of the Commission, the opinion of the majority prevails.

• The Delimitation Commission in India is a high power body whose orders have the force of law and cannot be called in question before any court.

Delimitation Problems:-

• Because of the delimitation process, states that have not achieved any significant strides in reducing their population could end up with larger numbers of seats in the Parliament.

• In 2008, delimitation was based on the census of 2001, however, the total number of seats in the Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies fixed as per the census of 1971 was not changed.

• Another problem is that the Constitution of India has put a cap on the maximum number of seats in the Lok Sabha to 550 and Rajya Sabha to 250. So, because of delimitation, an increasing number of populations are being represented by a single representative.

• An amendment has postponed the lifting up of the cap on the maximum seats in the parliament to the year 2026, on the grounds that a uniform growth rate of population would be achieved by 2026 throughout India.