Mathematical English : language of proofs
1 subscriber
Download Telegram
#dictionary_2
6) "Roughly speaking": Taxminan aytganda / Soddaroq qilib aytganda.

7) "Tend to get closer and closer": Yanada yaqinroq bo'lishga moyil bo'lmoqda (intilmoqda).

8) "From either side of a": a nuqtaning har ikki tomonidan (ham chapdan, ham o'ngdan).

9) "Alternative notation": Muqobil (boshqacha) belgilash.
πŸ”₯1
#dictionary_3

10) Oscillate β€” tebranmoq.

11) Infinitely often β€” cheksiz ko'p marta.

12) Misleading β€” chalg'ituvchi (jadval bizni chalg'itishi haqida).

13) Between β€” orasida.
πŸ”₯1
#dictionary_4

14) Left-hand limit β€” chap tomonlama limit.

15) Right-hand limit β€” o'ng tomonlama limit.

16) Approaching from the left β€” chapdan yaqinlashish.

17) If and only if β€” faqat va faqat shu holdaki (matematik shart).
πŸ”₯1
#dictionary_5

18) Proof,Isbot
19) Assumption / Suppose, β€”f araz (faraz qilaylik)
20) Contradiction,Ziddiyat β€” Qarama-qarshilik
21) Statement β€” Tasdiq / Mulohaza
22) Assume the contrary β€” Teskarisini faraz qilish
23) Hence / Therefore β€” Shuning uchun / Demak
πŸ”₯1
#dictionary_6
24) Assume to be falseβ€”Noto'g'ri deb faraz qilish
25) Logical deductionsβ€”Mantiqiy xulosalar
26) Infinitude β€” Cheksizlik
27) Prime numbers β€” Tub sonlar
28) Divisible β€” Bo'linuvchan
29) Coprime β€” O'zaro tub
πŸ”₯1
#dictionary_7

30) Statement β€” Tasdiq (Isbotlanishi kerak bo'lgan gap).

31) Contradict β€” Zid kelmoq / Qarama-qarshi bo'lmoq.

32) Hypothesis β€” Gipoteza (Faraz).

33) Conclusion β€” Xulosa.

34) Integer coefficients β€” Butun koeffitsiyentlar
πŸ”₯1
35) Curve - egri chiziq
36) point - nuqta
37) which - qaysi
38) slope - qiyalik , og'ish ba'zan burchak koefitsenti ya'ni tan(a)=k
πŸ”₯1
Matematik Olimpiada Lug'ati (Kengaytirilgan jadval)

| Mantiq |

39 )Conjecture -- Taxmin (isbotlanmagan nazariya)
40) Conversely - Aksincha / Teskari holda
41) Assume for the sake of contradiction - Teskarisidan deb faraz qilaylik
42) Imply - Kelib chiqmoq (natija bermoq)

| Analiz |

43) Limit inferior / superior -- Pastki / Yuqori limit
44) Monotonically increasing -- Monoton o'suvchi
45) Bounded above/below -- Yuqoridan/quyidan chegaralangan
46) Convex / Concave - Qavariq / botiq
47) Continuous everywhere -- Hamma joyda uzluksiz
48) Differentiable -- Differensiyalanuvchi (hosilasi mavjud)

| Algebra |

49) Field extension - Maydon kengaytmasi

50) Span (linear span) - Qobiq (vektorlar tizimi)
51) Eigenvalue - Xos qiymat
52) Characteristic polynomial - Xarakteristik ko'phad
53) Invertible matrix - Teskarilanuvchi matritsa

| Sonlar Nazariyasi |

54) Relatively prime - O'zaro tub
55) Modular arithmetic - Modul bo'yicha arifmetika
56) Quadratic residue - Kvadratik qoldiq
57) Divisibility - Bo'linuvchanlik

| Geometriya |

Convex hull | Qavariq qobiq |
| | Incenter / Circumcenter | Ichki/Tashqi chizilgan aylana markazi |
| | Orthocenter | Ortotsentr (balandliklar kesishgan joy) |
| | Isometry | Izometriya (masofani saqlovchi) |
Olimpiada masalalarida tez-tez uchraydigan qolip-iboralari
Bu iboralar masala shartini tushunish uchun eng muhimlaridir:
| Inglizcha ibora | O'zbekcha ma'nosi |
|---|---|
| Let S be a set such that... | S - shunday to'plam bo'lsinki... |
| Find all such that... | ...ni qanoatlantiruvchi barchasini toping |
| Show that the expression is independent of n | Ifodaning n ga bog'liq emasligini ko'rsating |
| Without loss of generality, assume... | Umumiylikni yo'qotmagan holda, faraz qilaylik... |
| Evaluate the following integral/sum | Quyidagi integralni/yig'indini hisoblang |
| Prove or disprove | Isbotlang yoki inkor eting |
| By induction on n | n bo'yicha induksiya usuli bilan |
Muhim eslatma (Strategik maslahat)
* Putnam/IMC darajasidagi olimpiadalarda ko'pincha "Compute" yoki "Evaluate" deganda aniq sonli javob kutiladi, "Show that" yoki "Prove" deganda esa mantiqiy xulosalar zanjiri talab qilinadi.
* "Disprove" deganda siz bitta "kontrmisol" (qarshi misol) keltirishingiz kifoya, lekin uni to'g'ri isbotlab berishingiz kerak.
πŸ”₯1
Inglizcha atama O'zbekcha tarjimasi
Determine Aniqlang, toping
All Barcha, hamma
Positive integers Musbat butun sonlar
Exist Mavjud bo'lmoq, mavjud
Satisfying ...ni qanoatlantiruvchi
Equation Tenglama
πŸ”₯1
Sequence Ketma-ketlik
Nonzero Nolga teng boβ€˜lmagan
Real numbers Haqiqiy sonlar
Such that Shunday boβ€˜lsaki (shartni bildiradi)
Prove (that) Isbotlang (shuni)
There exists Mavjud (boβ€˜lishi kerak)
For all Barcha ... uchun
Term Had (ketma-ketlik hadi)
Recurrence relation Rekurrent munosabat
Independent of n n ga bogβ€˜liq boβ€˜lmagan
Constant Oβ€˜zgarmas (son)
πŸ”₯1
Forwarded from For maths lovers
1. Qoβ€˜shish β€” Addition
2. Ayirish β€” Subtraction
3. Koβ€˜paytirish β€” Multiplication
4. Boβ€˜lish β€” Division
5. Tenglama β€” Equation
6. Ildiz β€” Root
7. Daraja β€” Power (Exponent)
8. Kasr β€” Fraction
9. Tub son β€” Prime number
10. Juft son β€” Even number
πŸ”₯1
11.Increasing β€” O'suvchi

12.Decreasing β€” Kamayuvchi

13.Convergent β€” Yaqinlashuvchi (masalan, yaqinlashuvchi ketma-ketlik)

14.Periodic β€” Davriy
15.Exists β€” Mavjud (matematik simvoli: $\exists$)

16.Consider β€” Ko'raylik, faraz qilaylik yoki qaraylik (masalan, "biror funksiyani qaraylik")

17.Such that β€” Shunday ...-ki (shartni belgilash uchun ishlatiladi)

18.Evaluate β€” Hisoblamoq yoki qiymatini topmoq

19.Hence β€” Shunday qilib, demak (oldingi fikrdan kelib chiqqanda)

20.Therefore β€” Shuning uchun, xulosa qilib aytganda
❀1
To'plamlar va Mantiq (Sets and Logic)
Set β€” To'plam

Subset β€” Qism-to'plam

Element / Member β€” Element

Union β€” Birlashma

Intersection β€” Kesishma

Distinct β€” Turli xil, o'zaro farql

iAssume β€” Faraz qilaylik

Contradiction β€” Ziddiyat (isbotlashda "teskarisidan faraz qilaylik" usuli uchun)

If and only if (iff) β€” Faqat va faqat shu holdaki (zaruriy va yetarli shart)

Prove / Proof β€” Isbotlamoq / Isbot

Funksiyalar va Matematik Analiz (Functions and Calculus)

Domain β€” Aniqlanish sohasi

Range β€” Qiymatlar sohasi

Continuous β€” Uzluksiz

Differentiable β€” Differensiallanuvchi

Derivative β€” Hosila

Limit β€” Limit

Infinite / Infinity β€” Cheksiz / Cheksizlik

Bounded β€” Chegaralangan

Arbitrary β€” Ixtiyoriy

Algebra va Sonlar Nazariyasi (Algebra and Number Theory)

Coefficient β€” Koeffitsient

Variable β€” O'zgaruvchi

Prime number β€” Tub son

Divisible β€” Bo'linuvchi (qoldiqsiz bo'linish)

Remainder β€” Qoldiq

Identity β€” Ayniyat

Inequality β€” Tengsizlik

Solutions set β€” Yechimlar to'plami

Geometriya (Geometry)

Perpendicular β€” Perpendikulyar

Parallel β€” Parallel

Tangent β€” Urinma

Vertex (Vertices) β€” Uch (Uchlari)

Edge / Side β€” Qirra / Tomon

Angle β€” Burchak

Circle β€” Aylana

Teorema va Masalalarda uchraydigan iboralar
Given that... β€” Berilganiga ko'ra...

Show that... β€” Ko'rsatingki... (isbotlang)

Let $x$ be... β€” $x$ ... bo'lsin.

Without loss of generality (WLOG) β€” Umumiylikka zarar yetkazmagan holda

Respectively β€” Mos ravishda
❀1