A submarine is a vessel, or ship, that can go underwater. Submarines are called subs for short. Militaries and scientists use submarines to travel deep under the ocean.
Militaries use submarines to patrol ocean waters and to attack enemy ships during wartime. Military submarines are usually very large. They may carry more than 100 people. They also carry such weapons as missiles and torpedoes.
Scientific researchers and explorers usually use smaller submarines. These submarines may have mechanical arms, cameras, and other tools to help scientists study the underwater world.

submarine - подводная лодка
vessel - судно
militaries - военные
patrol - патрулирование
wartime - военное время
carry - нести/носить
weapons - оружие
missiles - ракеты
researchers - исследователи
mechanical arms - механические руки
tools - инструменты


#elementary

People all over the world are obsessed with the British royal family. Most fans know all the royal names and faces, the line of succession to the throne, and even the family's rarely-used last name.
But - despite the constant flood of royal paparazzi photos and press releases - it can be tough to discern what it is the family members actually do.
The royals don't need to worry about money, since they're supported by both taxpayers and a massive family fortune. However, every member of the royal family has their own responsibilities.

The Queen's calendar was filled with various activities known by the catch-all term "engagements."
Engagements include hosting heads of state, taking diplomatic trips, throwing parties at palaces, opening new sessions of Parliament, presenting citizens with awards, and a whole bunch more.

obsessed - одержимый
line of succession to the throne - порядок престолонаследия
discern - различать
taxpayers - налогоплательщики
engagement - обязательство



#intermediate

A stuffed toy is more than just a child’s companion. It’s scientifically proven that the first relationship a child establishes is with stuffed animal toys or a special teddy bear. Children tend to give the teddy bears a name they love and allocate them new personalities and roles. 

Such activities make the child bond with the toy as they learn new things such as how to care, share, empathize, and socialize with another person. 

On the kid’s end, the teddy bear provides the child with friendship, comfort, a companion, and more that enables the positive development of the child. The child learns how to play, express, react, talk, and learn. Eventually, the child can start socializing with others in the real world. 
 
stuffed toy - плюшевая игрушка 
establish - устанавливать 
tend to - как правило 
allocate - выделять, назначать 
bond - связывать 
empathize - сопереживать 
enable - разрешать, позволять 
eventually - в итоге, в конечном счете 
socializing – общение 



#elementary

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling. 

People with schizophrenia require lifelong treatment. Early treatment may help get symptoms under control before serious complications develop and may help improve the long-term outlook. 

Schizophrenia involves a range of problems with thinking (cognition), behavior and emotions. Signs and symptoms may vary, but usually involve delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech, and reflect an impaired ability to function. 

schizophrenia - шизофрения 
abnormally - ненормально 
hallucinations - галлюцинации 
delusion - бред 
impair - нарушать 
disabling - инвалидность 
disorganized speech - беспорядочная речь 
 


#advanced

The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the Neolithic time period. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability has become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives. Chairs have become designed as more than just a place to sit, but as a place to relax with items such as recliners and rocking features. Beds are designed to comfort us as we sleep instead of providing the mere basics to keep us from lying upon the ground.  
 
household use - бытовое использование 
dresser - комод 
explode - взорваться 
recliners - кресло (которое откидывается назад) 
rocking features - функция качания 
mere - простой 
 


#intermediate

Myth gives us a way as individual, community and culture of perceiving matters that are usually hidden. It offers a way to perceive matters that shape our lives for good or ill. To have the feeling that there are unknown forces that shape our lives as individuals or collectives is to not know the myths and archetypes that we live by. It helps us get a grasp of things so that we can shape, so that we can move beyond feeling like a cork on a turbulent sea. 

Myths work on many levels. They work at an intra-personal and interpersonal level, at the level of community and tribe, and at the level of culture. They address matters psychological, sociological, matters economic and political, even matters cosmic. They are multivalent. 

perceiving matters - восприятие вещей 
archetypes - архетипы 
a grasp of things - понимание вещей 
a cork on a turbulent sea - пробка в бурном море 
intra-personal - внутриличностный 
Interpersonal - межличностный 
tribe - племя, клан 
multivalent - многовалентный 
 


#advanced

People often use the word religion to mean the worship of a god or gods. But some religions do not have gods. One thing that all religions have in common is that they help their followers to find meaning in the world. The major world religions of today are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Judaism. 

Religions usually have rituals, or special patterns of actions, that followers perform. They often have prayers that followers say and holidays on certain days of the year.

Religions set out rules or guidelines for how followers should live. However, many religious rules have to do with treating others well and doing the right thing. Religions also have sets of beliefs that followers accept as true—for example, belief in a god and life after death. 

worship - поклонение 
followers - последователи 
Christianity - христианство 
Sikhism - сикхизм 
Judaism - иудаизм 
patterns of actions - модели действий 
set out - устанавливать 

 

#elementary

Why are some people more successful than others? Leaving aside luck, which equates to confessing that we don’t really know, there are really just two explanations: talent and effort. Talent concerns the abilities, skills, and expertise that determine what a person can do. Effort concerns the degree to which the person deploys their talents. 

Clearly, some people are both talented and hard-working, but there is often a tension between the two. Talent can make people lazy because they need to rely less on hard work to achieve the same goal. Hard work helps people compensate for lower levels of talent, which is why it’s quite helpful to be aware of one’s limitations. 
A few talented people make a huge difference. This is one of the most replicated findings in management research.

which equates to confessing - что равносильно признанию 
expertise - компетентность 
deploys - применять 
limitations - ограничения 
replicated findings - повторные выводы 



#business

Creams are common topical medications that contain equal ratios of water and oil. They have light textures and are quickly absorbed by your skin. Creams are water-soluble and are mostly used for cosmetic purposes. They can also be used to treat allergies, rashes or any other skin problem. 

Ointments are oily substances used for medical purposes or as cosmetics. They usually take longer to get completely absorbed into your skin. However, they are great forms of moisturizers. Ointment like petroleum jelly is highly recommended for its healing properties. 

Creams have better absorption rates as compared to ointments. Ointments are occlusive. They stay longer on the surface of your skin, trap moisture in to prevent wounds from drying out and are not well absorbed into your skin.
 
equal ratios - равные отношения 
absorb - поглощать 
water-soluble - водорастворимый 
rashes - сыпь 
ointment - мазь 
moisturizer - увлажнитель 
petroleum jelly - вазелин 
occlusive - преграждающий 



#intermediate

A Roman gladiator was a man (rarely a woman), typically a convicted criminal or enslaved person, who participated in one-on-one battles with each other, often to the death, for the entertainment of crowds of spectators in the Roman Empire. 

Gladiators were mostly either convicted criminals or first-generation enslaved people who had been bought or acquired in war, but they were a surprisingly diverse group. They usually were common men, but there were a few women and a few upper-class men who had spent their inheritances and lacked other means of support.
 
However they ended up in the arena, in general, throughout the Roman era they were considered "crude, loathsome, doomed, and lost" men altogether, without worth or dignity. They were part of the class of moral outcasts, the infamia. 

convicted - осужденный
enslaved - порабощенный 
diverse - разнообразный 
inheritances - наследство 
crude - грубый 
loathsome - отвратительный 
doomed - обреченный 
moral outcasts - моральные изгои 



#intermediate