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📘 GRADE 11 BIOLOGY – UNIT 4

Genetics

🧬 PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20)

1. The branch of biology concerned with the study of genetic materials and how traits are passed from one generation to the next is called:
   a) Cytology
   b) Genetics
   c) Ecology
   d) Evolution
2. The genetic material in almost all organisms is:
   a) RNA
   b) Protein
   c) DNA
   d) Lipid
3. Which of the following is a nitrogenous base found in DNA but NOT in RNA?
   a) Adenine
   b) Guanine
   c) Cytosine
   d) Thymine
4. The structure of DNA is described as:
   a) Single strand
   b) Triple helix
   c) Double helix
   d) Circular
5. In DNA base pairing, adenine pairs with:
   a) Guanine
   b) Cytosine
   c) Thymine
   d) Uracil
6. DNA replication is described as semi-conservative because:
   a) Only one strand is copied
   b) Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand
   c) Both strands are completely new
   d) The original DNA is destroyed
7. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division is called:
   a) Transcription
   b) Translation
   c) Replication
   d) Mutation
8. Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
   a) rRNA
   b) tRNA
   c) mRNA
   d) snRNA
9. The process of protein synthesis involves two main steps:
   a) Replication and transcription
   b) Transcription and translation
   c) Replication and translation
   d) Mitosis and meiosis
10. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template with the help of the enzyme:
    a) DNA polymerase
    b) RNA polymerase
    c) Helicase
    d) Ligase
11. The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a:
    a) Anticodon
    b) Codon
    c) Gene
    d) Chromosome
12. Mitosis produces:
    a) Four genetically different daughter cells
    b) Two genetically identical daughter cells
    c) Gametes
    d) Haploid cells
13. Meiosis produces:
    a) Two identical diploid cells
    b) Four genetically different haploid cells
    c) Two identical haploid cells
    d) Four identical diploid cells
14. Crossing over during meiosis occurs in:
    a) Prophase I
    b) Metaphase I
    c) Anaphase II
    d) Telophase II
15. The "father of genetics" who discovered the principles of heredity through experiments with pea plants is:
    a) Charles Darwin
    b) Gregor Mendel
    c) James Watson
    d) Francis Crick
16. In a monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant (TT) and homozygous recessive (tt) parents, the F1 generation will be:
    a) All TT
    b) All tt
    c) All Tt
    d) 50% TT and 50% tt
17. The phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is:
    a) 1:2:1
    b) 3:1
    c) 9:3:3:1
    d) 1:1
18. The law of segregation states that:
    a) Genes for different traits assort independently
    b) Alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele
    c) Dominant alleles always mask recessive alleles
    d) Genes are linked on chromosomes
19. In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is:
    a) The same as the dominant parent
    b) The same as the recessive parent
    c) An intermediate between the two parents
    d) A mixture of both parents
20. A person with blood type AB can receive blood from:
    a) Type A only
    b) Type B only
    c) Type O only
    d) Types A, B, AB, and O

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📝 PART 2: FILL IN THE BLANKS (5)

1. The genetic material in almost all organisms is , while some viruses use  as their genetic material.
2. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and __.
3. The process of making mRNA from DNA is called , while the process of making proteins from mRNA is called .
4. The two main types of cell division are , which produces identical somatic cells, and , which produces gametes.
5. According to Mendel's law of __, alleles for different traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring.

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