const obj = {
   x: 10,
   foo() {
      setTimeout(function() {
         console.log(this.x);
      }, 1000);
   }
};
obj.foo();

class ShoppingCart {
  constructor() {
    if (ShoppingCart.instance) {
      return ShoppingCart.instance;
    }
    
    this.items = [];
    ShoppingCart.instance = this;
  }
  
  addItem(item) {
    this.items.push(item);
  }
  
  getItems() {
    return [...this.items];
  }
}

const cart1 = new ShoppingCart();
const cart2 = new ShoppingCart();

cart1.addItem('Book');
cart2.addItem('Laptop');

console.log(cart1.getItems());

const weakMap = new WeakMap();
const obj1 = {};
const obj2 = { key: 'value' };

weakMap.set(obj1, obj2);

const result = weakMap.get(obj1).key.split('').reverse().join('');

console.log(result);

function Vehicle(wheels) {
  this.wheels = wheels;
}

Vehicle.prototype.getWheels = function() {
  return this.wheels;
};

function Car() {
  Vehicle.call(this, 4);
  this.doors = 4;
}

Car.prototype = Object.create(Vehicle.prototype);
Car.prototype.constructor = Car;

const myCar = new Car();
console.log(myCar.getWheels(), myCar instanceof Vehicle);

function highlight(strings, ...values) {
  return strings.reduce((result, str, i) => {
    const value = values[i] ? `<span>${values[i]}</span>` : '';
    return result + str + value;
  }, '');
}

const language = 'JavaScript';
const years = 10;

const result = highlight`I have been coding in ${language} for ${years} years`;
console.log(result);

const target = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const handler = {
  get(obj, prop) {
    return prop in obj ? obj[prop] * 2 : 'not found';
  },
  set(obj, prop, value) {
    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
      return false;
    }
    obj[prop] = value + 10;
    return true;
  }
};

const proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
proxy.c = '5';
proxy.d = 5;

console.log(JSON.stringify({
  a: proxy.a,
  b: proxy.b,
  c: proxy.c,
  d: target.d,
  hasC: Reflect.has(target, 'c')
}));

async function processValues() {
  try {
    console.log('Start');
    const a = await Promise.resolve('First');
    console.log(a);
    const b = await Promise.reject('Error');
    console.log(b);
    return 'Done';
  } catch (err) {
    console.log(err);
    return 'Recovered';
  } finally {
    console.log('Finally');
  }
}

processValues().then(result => console.log(result));

function task1() {
  console.log('A');
  setTimeout(() => console.log('B'), 0);
  Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('C'));
  Promise.resolve().then(() => setTimeout(() => console.log('D'), 0));
  Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('E'));
  setTimeout(() => console.log('F'), 0);
  console.log('G');
}

task1();

function outer() {
  console.log(innerVar);
  console.log(typeof innerFunc);
  
  var innerVar = 42;
  
  function innerFunc() {
    return innerVar;
  }
  
  let anotherVar = 100;
  console.log(typeof anotherVar);
}

outer();