let x = 5;
let result = typeof (x + "10");

console.log(result);

function createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  
  return {
    increment() {
      count++;
      return count;
    },
    decrement() {
      count--;
      return count;
    },
    getValue() {
      return count;
    }
  };
}

const counter1 = createCounter();
const counter2 = createCounter();

counter1.increment();
counter1.increment();
counter2.increment();
counter1.decrement();

console.log(counter1.getValue() + counter2.getValue());

function highlight(strings, ...values) {
  return strings.reduce((result, str, i) => {
    const value = values[i] ? `<span>${values[i]}</span>` : '';
    return result + str + value;
  }, '');
}

const language = 'JavaScript';
const years = 10;

const result = highlight`I have been coding in ${language} for ${years} years`;
console.log(result);

setTimeout(() => console.log('Timeout 1'), 100);

setTimeout(() => {
  console.log('Timeout 2');
  Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('Promise in Timeout 2'));
}, 50);

Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('Promise 1'));

setTimeout(() => console.log('Timeout 3'), 150);

console.log('Sync');

const memoryLeak = () => {
  const cache = new Map();
  const weakCache = new WeakMap();
  
  const objKey = { id: 123 };
  const data = { name: 'User data', value: 42 };
  
  cache.set(objKey, data);
  weakCache.set(objKey, data);
  
  // Simulate removing reference to key
  const result = { map: cache.has(objKey), weakMap: weakCache.has(objKey) };
  // objKey = null; // This would be an error, as const can't be reassigned
  
  return result;
};

console.log(memoryLeak());

function processConfig(config) {
  const settings = {
    timeout: config.timeout ?? 1000,
    retries: config.retries ?? 3,
    logging: config.logging ?? false,
    debug: config.debug || true
  };
  
  return settings;
}

const userConfig = {
  timeout: 0,
  retries: null,
  logging: false,
  debug: false
};

console.log(processConfig(userConfig));

const cache = new WeakMap();

const user1 = { name: 'Alice' };
const user2 = { name: 'Bob' };

cache.set(user1, { lastLogin: 'yesterday' });
cache.set(user2, { lastLogin: 'today' });

const result = [];
result.push(cache.has(user1));
result.push(cache.get(user2).lastLogin);

let user3 = { name: 'Charlie' };
cache.set(user3, { lastLogin: 'now' });
result.push(cache.has(user3));

user3 = null; // Removing the reference
// Garbage collector might run here in real situations

const user4 = { name: 'Charlie' }; // Same name, different object
result.push(cache.has(user4));

console.log(result);

async function foo() {
  console.log('Start');
  await Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    console.log('Inside Promise');
  });
  console.log('End');
}

foo();
console.log('Outside');

let x = 5;
let result = typeof (x + "10");

console.log(result);

const obj = { name: 'Alice', age: 30 };  
const handler = {
  get(target, prop) {
    return prop in target ? target[prop] : `Property '${prop}' doesn't exist`;
  }
};

const proxy = new Proxy(obj, handler);

const descriptors = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(obj);
Reflect.defineProperty(obj, 'city', {
  value: 'New York',
  enumerable: false
});

console.log(proxy.city, proxy.country);

const numbers = [0,0,0];

let i = 0;
const result = numbers.reduce((acc, _) => {
  return ++acc;
}, i);

console.log(i, result);

const array = [1, 2, 3];
array[-1] = 0;

console.log(array.length);

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];

const result = numbers
  .filter(n => n % 2 === 0)
  .map(n => n * 2)
  .reduce((acc, curr, idx, arr) => {
    if (idx === arr.length - 1) {
      return (acc + curr) / arr.length;
    }
    return acc + curr;
  }, 0);

console.log(result);

function createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  
  function increment() {
    count += 1;
    return count;
  }
  
  function decrement() {
    count -= 1;
    return count;
  }
  
  return { increment, decrement, value: () => count };
}

const counter = createCounter();
counter.increment();
counter.increment();
counter.decrement();

console.log(counter.value() + counter.increment());

const obj = {
   x: 10,
   foo() {
      setTimeout(function() {
         console.log(this.x);
      }, 1000);
   }
};
obj.foo();

class ShoppingCart {
  constructor() {
    if (ShoppingCart.instance) {
      return ShoppingCart.instance;
    }
    
    this.items = [];
    ShoppingCart.instance = this;
  }
  
  addItem(item) {
    this.items.push(item);
  }
  
  getItems() {
    return [...this.items];
  }
}

const cart1 = new ShoppingCart();
const cart2 = new ShoppingCart();

cart1.addItem('Book');
cart2.addItem('Laptop');

console.log(cart1.getItems());