const data = {
  name: '',
  age: 0,
  city: null,
  country: undefined,
  isActive: false
};

const getName = () => data.name || 'Unknown';
const getAge = () => data.age ?? 25;
const getCity = () => data.city || 'Default City';
const getCountry = () => data.country ?? 'Default Country';
const getStatus = () => data.isActive || 'inactive';

console.log(`${getName()}-${getAge()}-${getCity()}-${getCountry()}-${getStatus()}`);

const sym1 = Symbol('test');
const sym2 = Symbol('test');
const obj = {
  [sym1]: 'first',
  [sym2]: 'second',
  regular: 'third'
};

const keys = Object.keys(obj);
const symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj);
const allProps = Reflect.ownKeys(obj);

console.log(keys.length);
console.log(symbols.length);
console.log(allProps.length);
console.log(sym1 === sym2);

const values = [null, undefined, '', 0, false, NaN];
const results = [];

for (let val of values) {
  results.push({
    value: val,
    boolean: !!val,
    string: String(val),
    number: Number(val)
  });
}

console.log(results[2].boolean);
console.log(results[3].string);
console.log(results[1].number);

class StateMachine {
  constructor() {
    this.state = 'idle';
    this.transitions = {
      idle: { start: 'running' },
      running: { pause: 'paused', stop: 'stopped' },
      paused: { resume: 'running', stop: 'stopped' },
      stopped: { reset: 'idle' }
    };
  }
  
  transition(action) {
    const next = this.transitions[this.state]?.[action];
    if (next) this.state = next;
    return this.state;
  }
}

const sm = new StateMachine();
console.log(sm.transition('start'));
console.log(sm.transition('invalid'));
console.log(sm.transition('pause'));
console.log(sm.transition('resume'));
console.log(sm.transition('stop'));
console.log(sm.transition('reset'));

console.log('1');

setTimeout(() => console.log('2'), 0);

Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('3'));

setTimeout(() => console.log('4'), 0);

Promise.resolve().then(() => {
  console.log('5');
  return Promise.resolve();
}).then(() => console.log('6'));

console.log('7');

const nums = [1, 2, 3];
const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };

function process(...args) {
  const [first, ...rest] = args;
  const { a, ...others } = obj;
  return { first, rest, a, others };
}

const result = process(...nums);
console.log(result.first);
console.log(result.rest.length);
console.log(result.others.b);
console.log(Object.keys(result.others).join(''));
console.log(result.a === nums[0]);

let obj = { name: 'Sarah', age: 25 };
let weakMap = new WeakMap();
let map = new Map();

weakMap.set(obj, 'weak reference');
map.set(obj, 'strong reference');

console.log(weakMap.has(obj));
console.log(map.has(obj));

obj = null;

console.log(weakMap.has(null));
console.log(map.has(null));
console.log(map.size);