function test() {
  try {
    console.log(y);
  } catch (e) {
    return e.constructor.name;
  }
}

let result1 = test();
let y = 'hoisted';

console.log(result1, typeof y, y);

const obj = { a: { b: null }, getVal: null };
let counter = 0;
function sideEffect() {
  counter++;
  return counter;
}
const result = obj?.a?.b?.[sideEffect()] ?? 'default1';
const result2 = obj.getVal?.(sideEffect()) ?? 'default2';
const result3 = obj?.a?.c?.d ?? sideEffect();
console.log(result, result2, result3, counter);

const key = 'greet';
const name = 'world';
const obj = {
  name,
  [key]() { return `Hello, ${this.name}`; },
  [`${key}Arrow`]: () => `Hello, ${this?.name}`,
};
console.log(`${obj.greet()} | ${obj.greetArrow()}`);

function combine(a, b = 10, ...rest) {
  return JSON.stringify([a, b, rest]);
}
const inputs = [1, undefined, 3, 4, 5];
console.log(combine(...inputs));