What is the difference between == and equals() in Java?

== checks if two reference variables point to the same object in memory.
equals() compares the actual content or values of objects.

1. Core Java Concepts
a. What is the difference between == and equals() method in Java?
b. Explain the concept of immutability. How is String class immutable?
c. How does garbage collection work in Java? What are different garbage collectors?
d. What are the different types of memory areas allocated by JVM?
e. How does hashCode() and equals() work?
f. What is the significance of final, finally, and finalize() in Java?
g. What is volatile keyword in Java?
h. What is the difference between HashMap and ConcurrentHashMap?

2. Java Collections Framework
a. What are the differences between ArrayList and LinkedList?
b. How is HashMap internally implemented in Java?
c. Explain the fail-fast and fail-safe behavior in Java collections.
d. What is the difference between Set and List in Java?
e. How do you make a collection thread-safe?
f. How does TreeMap ensure ordering of elements?

3. Multithreading and Concurrency
a. What is the difference between synchronized method and synchronized block?
b. How does the volatile keyword work in Java?
c. What is the difference between wait() and sleep() methods?
d. What is a CountDownLatch in Java? How is it different from a CyclicBarrier?
e. What is the Java Memory Model (JMM)?
f. Explain ThreadLocal class and its use cases.
g. How do you prevent deadlocks in Java multithreading?

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Find the number whose square value is nearest to the given number
Given Number --> 47
Expected number--> 7
Explanation: 7*7=49, which is the nearest square value to 47

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Best Explanation of 2 pointers


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