Using Array Indices
We can solve this problem in constant space. Since the array contains all distinct elements except one and all elements lie in range 1 to n-1, we can check for a duplicate element by marking array elements as negative using the array index as a key. For each array element nums[i], invert the sign of the element present at index nums[i]. Finally, traverse the array once again, and if a positive number is found at index i, then the duplicate element is i.

The above approach takes two traversals of the array. We can achieve the same in only a single traversal. For each array element nums[i], invert the sign of the element present at index nums[i] if it is positive; otherwise, if the element is already negative, then it is a duplicate.

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Project Panama: Interconnecting the Java Virtual Machine and Native Code

Project Panama improves and enriches the connections between the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and non-Java APIs, including many interfaces commonly used by C programmers. This session will offer an overview and demo of features from Project Panama, including JDK Enhancement Proposal (JEP) 434 from Java 20.

Using XOR
We can also solve this problem by taking xor of all array elements with numbers 1 to n-1. Since the same elements will cancel each other as a^a = 0, 0^0 = 0 and a^0 = a, we will be left with the duplicate element.

Using Difference in Sum
Finally, the post is incomplete without this textbook solution: find the sum of all element and find the difference between it and all elements which are supposed to be there

Pattern 12
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Building and Deploying Java Client Desktop Applications with JDK 17 and Beyond

So you've decided you need to build a desktop app? Find out your next steps as we emphasize getting started in the right direction when choosing and using the Java platform UI toolkits. We present lots of techie details as well as content to help you choose an appropriate UI technology for your current and future business needs. Should you choose Java? Should you use Swing or JavaFX? Can you mix and match? What are each of them best for? How do you deploy the desktop app in your enterprise? We show how easy it is to use Swing and/or JavaFX, and run through as many of the fantastic capabilities as we can.

Given an integer array, find the largest subarray formed by consecutive integers. The subarray should contain all distinct values.

The problem differs from the problem of finding the longest subsequence formed by consecutive integers. Unlike subsequences, subarrays are required to occupy consecutive positions within the original array.
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The idea is to consider every subarray and keep track of the largest subarray found so far, formed by consecutive integers. For a subarray to contain consecutive integers,

* The difference between the maximum and minimum element in it should be exactly equal to the subarray’s length minus one.

* All elements in the array should be distinct (we can check this by inserting the elements in a set or using a visited array).
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Diamond Character Pattern
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Diamond Character Pattern
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