The best Java GUI frameworks widely used by Java Developer Community for creating rich GUI based Java applications are

JavaFX
AWT
Apache Pivot
Swing and SwingX
SWT

Best Java GUI Frameworks
JavaFX

The latest flagship of Oracle is JavaFX and is counted at top among the Best Java GUI frameworks. JavaFX is the latest toolkit of Java/Oracle replacing Swing to create rich desktop as well as web applications. Many new Java GUI programs are being developed using JavaFX.

It produces a modern and rich look to its GUI’s when compared to the older Swing and AWT. It is also supported for Mobile apps. Any JavaFX program you write on desktop applications will also work fine on Android and iOS. JavaFX is nice and simple to use.

AWT
The Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) can be called as very foundation of swing. AWT has optimized performance but still lacks some advanced features.

It is perfect for smaller a Java UI application that doesn’t require various rich user interfaces. This is being used for many years and has proven to be good for Full stack Java developers.

AWT supports Graphical User Interface programming. Some important features of AWT are:

Native user interface components.
Graphics and imaging tools for example shape, font classes.
A robust event-handling model.
Data transfer classes for easy cut-paste actions

Apache Pivot
Apache Pivot is an open-source framework platform for building intensive applications in Java or any JVM-compatible language. It has been released under the Apache License version 2.0.Its main aim is to develop rich internet applications that can also be applied to desktop applications.

It has been developed by Apache. Apache Pivot allows developers to easily construct great cross-platform and well-connected beautiful applications in Java/JVM language (JavaScript, Groovy, or Scala). It provides enhanced productivity and usability features of a UI toolkit.

Swing and SwingX
Swing is the primer framework of choice for building new GUI-based Java applications. Swing has a lot of rich UI components. Swing is the successor to AWT as it fixes and replaces many of its features with enhancing them by adding extra functionality. AWT has more comprehensive components than Swing

SwingX is based on the features of Swing and its main role is to create rich components for swing. It comprises some niche components; one such is such as TreeTable which can do sorting, filtering and searching. It also supports searching with a highlighting option.

SWT
SWT (Standard Widget Toolkit) was created by IBM for Eclipse IDE and is one of the Best Java GUI Frameworks. SWT uses the platform’s native widgets with the help of JNI. It is not related to Swing and AWT at all. It is said to be the alternate version of Swing.

SWT is created by IBM with the main purpose to create a native GUI. It is fast and can be run on the Eclipse IDE. When compared to Swing, it still requires native DLLs across different systems in use. Its users are decreasing day by day as more comprehensive Java GUI tools emerge in the market.

Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Programming
1. Why OOP ?
2. Java Constructor
3. Accessing Parent Class Variables
4. The Java OOP Concepts
5. Abstraction
6. Encapsulation
7. Polymorphism
8. Inheritance
9. Association
10. Aggregation
11. Composition
12. Abstraction
13. Aggregation
14. Composition
15. Interface
16. Association, Aggregation, and Composition
17. Practice Guide for OOP
18. Composition is better than Inheritance in some sense
19. Java OOP - Miscellaneous
20. OOP math
21. Java Calls by Value and Reference
22. Java command Line Argument
23. Java Method Overriding
24. Java Method Overloading
25. Difference between Overloading and Overriding

What is OOPs Concept ?
Object-oriented programming is a core of Java Programming, which is used for designing a program using classes and objects. OOPs, can also be characterized as data controlling for accessing the code. In this approach, programmers define the data type of a data structure and the operations that are applied to the data structure.

What is OOPs in Java ?
OOps in java is to improve code readability and reusability by defining a Java program efficiently. The main principles of object-oriented programming are abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. These concepts aim to implement real-world entities in programs.

List of OOPs Concepts in Java
* Object
* Classes
* Object
* Class
* Abstraction
* Inheritance
* Polymorphism
* Encapsulation

What are Objects ?
Objects are always called instances of a class which are created from a class in java or any other language. They have states and behaviour.

These objects always correspond to things found in the real world, i.e., real entities. So, they are also called run-time entities of the world. These are self–contained which consists of methods and properties which make data useful. Objects can be both physical and logical data. It contains addresses and takes up some space in memory. Some examples of objects are a dog, chair, tree etc.

When we treat animals as objects, it has states like colour, name, breed etc., and behaviours such as eating, wagging the tail etc.

Suppose, we have created a class called My book, we specify the class name followed by the object name, and we use the keyword new.

public class MyBook {
int x = 10;
Public static void main(String args[]) {
Mybook Myobj = new Mybook ();
System.out.println(MyObj.x);
}
}

In the above example, a new object is created, and it returns the value of x which may be the number of books.

Mybook Myobj= new Mybook ();

This is the statement used for creating objects.

System.out.println(Myobj.x);

This statement is used to return the value of x of an object.

We can also create multiple objects in the same class and we can create in one class and access it in another class. This method is used for better organization of classes and always remember that name of the java file and the class name remains the same.

Example 2:
The below example shows how multiple objects are created in the same class and how they are accessed from another class.

* Mybook.java
Public class Mybook {
int x=10;
int y=8;
}

* count.java
Class Count {
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
Mybook myobj1 = new myobj1();
Mybook myobj2 = new myobj2();
System.out.println(myobj1.x);
System.out.println(myobj2,y);
}
}