10. Java Distributed Applications
Distributed applications are programs that run on multiple computers linked to the same network. For example, Internet Explorer is a distributed application. These applications are split into two separate programs: client software and server software.
Distributed applications bring their unique challenges due to their distributed characteristics and the dynamic quality of the servers and systems that run them. The Java Intelligent Networking Infrastructure, or JINI for short, represents an infrastructure that provides, registers, and finds distributed services by their specifications. JavaSpaces, a JINI component, supports distribution, persistence, and object migration within a network.
Distributed applications are programs that run on multiple computers linked to the same network. For example, Internet Explorer is a distributed application. These applications are split into two separate programs: client software and server software.
Distributed applications bring their unique challenges due to their distributed characteristics and the dynamic quality of the servers and systems that run them. The Java Intelligent Networking Infrastructure, or JINI for short, represents an infrastructure that provides, registers, and finds distributed services by their specifications. JavaSpaces, a JINI component, supports distribution, persistence, and object migration within a network.
11. Java Cloud-based Applications
Ask a sampling of IT professionals what the three most important elements of today’s digital world are, and most will reply, “Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing.” So, it’s hardly surprising that Java has found its way into the cloud.
Cloud computing is defined as using off-site servers via the internet for processing, managing, and storing data. It’s a pay-as-you-go model and replaces local, in-house networks. Cloud computing is often used for distributed computing systems.
There are many Java Cloud development tools available, such as the Oracle Java Cloud Service. It serves as a platform for easily creating and configuring Oracle WebLogic servers and their application environments.
Ask a sampling of IT professionals what the three most important elements of today’s digital world are, and most will reply, “Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing.” So, it’s hardly surprising that Java has found its way into the cloud.
Cloud computing is defined as using off-site servers via the internet for processing, managing, and storing data. It’s a pay-as-you-go model and replaces local, in-house networks. Cloud computing is often used for distributed computing systems.
There are many Java Cloud development tools available, such as the Oracle Java Cloud Service. It serves as a platform for easily creating and configuring Oracle WebLogic servers and their application environments.
13. Embedded Systems
Embedded systems refer to low-level systems that usually form a part of larger electromechanical systems. These include processors, tiny chips, microcontrollers, etc. Java is used to build robust and fast low-level embedded systems. Blu-ray discs and SIM cards are popular embedded systems that can be developed in Java.
Embedded systems refer to low-level systems that usually form a part of larger electromechanical systems. These include processors, tiny chips, microcontrollers, etc. Java is used to build robust and fast low-level embedded systems. Blu-ray discs and SIM cards are popular embedded systems that can be developed in Java.
15. J2ME Apps
Today, the most popular operating systems for mobile phones are iOS and Android. However, there are a number of mobiles phones and personal digital assistants that use J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). J2ME is popularly used to develop products like blu-ray, set-top boxes, cards, etc. J2ME applications are expected to become even more popular in the next few years.
Today, the most popular operating systems for mobile phones are iOS and Android. However, there are a number of mobiles phones and personal digital assistants that use J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). J2ME is popularly used to develop products like blu-ray, set-top boxes, cards, etc. J2ME applications are expected to become even more popular in the next few years.
16. Server Apps in Financial Industry
The financial industry requires a number of server applications to run their day-to-day businesses like data processing, trading systems, confirmation systems, etc. Java is commonly used to write these server-side applications. Some of the leading financial institutions like CitiGroup, Goldman Sachs, and Barclays use Java-based applications for their businesses.
The financial industry requires a number of server applications to run their day-to-day businesses like data processing, trading systems, confirmation systems, etc. Java is commonly used to write these server-side applications. Some of the leading financial institutions like CitiGroup, Goldman Sachs, and Barclays use Java-based applications for their businesses.
How to build a Web Application Using Java
Java is one of the most used programming languages for developing dynamic web applications. A web application is computer software that utilizes the web browser and technologies to perform tasks over the internet. A web application is deployed on a web server.
Java provides some technologies like Servlet and JSP that allow us to develop and deploy a web application on a server easily. It also provides some frameworks such as Spring, Spring Boot that simplify the work and provide an efficient way to develop a web application. They reduce the effort of the developer.
We can create a website using static HTML pages and style them using CSS, but we need server-side technology when we want to create a dynamic website.
In this section, we will see how to create a website using Java Servlets and HTML. Further, we will see how these technologies are useful for developing a web application.
Java is one of the most used programming languages for developing dynamic web applications. A web application is computer software that utilizes the web browser and technologies to perform tasks over the internet. A web application is deployed on a web server.
Java provides some technologies like Servlet and JSP that allow us to develop and deploy a web application on a server easily. It also provides some frameworks such as Spring, Spring Boot that simplify the work and provide an efficient way to develop a web application. They reduce the effort of the developer.
We can create a website using static HTML pages and style them using CSS, but we need server-side technology when we want to create a dynamic website.
In this section, we will see how to create a website using Java Servlets and HTML. Further, we will see how these technologies are useful for developing a web application.
What is a Web Application
A web application is computer software that can be accessed using any web browser. Usually, the frontend of a web application is created using the scripting languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, supported by almost all web browsers. In contrast, the backend is created by any of the programming languages such as Java, Python, Php, etc., and databases. Unlike the mobile application, there is no specific tool for developing web applications; we can use any of the supported IDE for developing the web application.
A web application is computer software that can be accessed using any web browser. Usually, the frontend of a web application is created using the scripting languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, supported by almost all web browsers. In contrast, the backend is created by any of the programming languages such as Java, Python, Php, etc., and databases. Unlike the mobile application, there is no specific tool for developing web applications; we can use any of the supported IDE for developing the web application.
Web Server and Client
The web server is a process that handles the client's request and responds. It processes the request made by the client by using the related protocols. The main function of the webserver is to store the request and respond to them with web pages. It is a medium between client and server. For example, Apache is a leading webserver.
A client is a software that allows users to request and assist them in communicating with the server. The web browsers are the clients in a web application; some leading clients are Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, etc.
The web server is a process that handles the client's request and responds. It processes the request made by the client by using the related protocols. The main function of the webserver is to store the request and respond to them with web pages. It is a medium between client and server. For example, Apache is a leading webserver.
A client is a software that allows users to request and assist them in communicating with the server. The web browsers are the clients in a web application; some leading clients are Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, etc.
HTML and HTTP
The HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language; it is a common language for Web Server and Web Client communication. Since both the web server and web client are two different software components of the web, we need a language that communicates between them.
The HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol; it is a communication protocol between the client and the server. It runs on top of the TCP/IP protocol.
Some of the integral components of an HTTP Request are as following:
The HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language; it is a common language for Web Server and Web Client communication. Since both the web server and web client are two different software components of the web, we need a language that communicates between them.
The HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol; it is a communication protocol between the client and the server. It runs on top of the TCP/IP protocol.
Some of the integral components of an HTTP Request are as following:
HTTP Method: The HTTP method defines an action to be performed; usually, they are GET, POST, PUT, etc.
URL: URL is a web address that is defined while developing a web application. It is used to access a webpage.
Form Parameters: The form parameter is just like an argument in a Java method. It is passed to provide the details such as user, password details on a login page.
URL: URL is a web address that is defined while developing a web application. It is used to access a webpage.
Form Parameters: The form parameter is just like an argument in a Java method. It is passed to provide the details such as user, password details on a login page.
http://localhost:8080/SimpleWebApplication/
Where,
http or https: It is the starting point of the URL that specifies the protocol to be used for communication.
Localhost: The localhost is the address of the server. When we run our application locally, it is called localhost; if we deployed our project over the web, then it is accessed by using the domain name like "javapoint.com". The domain name maps the server to IP address.
Where,
http or https: It is the starting point of the URL that specifies the protocol to be used for communication.
Localhost: The localhost is the address of the server. When we run our application locally, it is called localhost; if we deployed our project over the web, then it is accessed by using the domain name like "javapoint.com". The domain name maps the server to IP address.
8080: This is the port number for the local server; it is optional and may differ in different machines. If we do not manually type the port number in the URL, then by default, the request goes to the default port of the protocol. Usually, the port no between 0 to 1023 are reserved for some well-known services such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc.
We have discussed all the major components of a web application. Let's move towards our main motive How to build a web application in Java.
First, understand servlet:
We have discussed all the major components of a web application. Let's move towards our main motive How to build a web application in Java.
First, understand servlet:
What is Servelet ?
A Servlet is a Java program that runs within a web server; it receives the requests and responds to them using related protocols (Usually HTTP). The Servlets are capable enough to respond to any type of request; they are commonly used to make the application functional.
We can create a static website using only HTML and CSS, but when it comes to dynamic, we need a server-side programming language. For these applications, Java provides Servlet technology, which contains HTTP-specific servlet classes.
The javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages contain interfaces and classes for creating servlets. All servlets should implement the Servlet interface, which defines life-cycle methods. To implement a generic service, we can use the GenericServlet class by extending it. It provides doGet and doPost methods to handle HTTP-specific services.
A Servlet is a Java program that runs within a web server; it receives the requests and responds to them using related protocols (Usually HTTP). The Servlets are capable enough to respond to any type of request; they are commonly used to make the application functional.
We can create a static website using only HTML and CSS, but when it comes to dynamic, we need a server-side programming language. For these applications, Java provides Servlet technology, which contains HTTP-specific servlet classes.
The javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages contain interfaces and classes for creating servlets. All servlets should implement the Servlet interface, which defines life-cycle methods. To implement a generic service, we can use the GenericServlet class by extending it. It provides doGet and doPost methods to handle HTTP-specific services.
Why are servelets Useful ?
Web servers are capable enough to serve static HTML requests, but they don't know how to deal with dynamic requests and databases. So, we need a language for dynamic content; these languages are PHP, Python, Java, Ruby on Rails, etc. In Java, there are two technologies Servlet and JSPs, that deals with dynamic content and database. Java also provides frameworks such as Spring, Spring Boot, Hibernate, and Struts to use the servlet and JSP easily.
The Servlets and JSPs are server-side technologies that extend the functionality of a web server. They support dynamic response and data persistence. We can easily create a web application using these technologies.
Let's create our first web applications:
Web servers are capable enough to serve static HTML requests, but they don't know how to deal with dynamic requests and databases. So, we need a language for dynamic content; these languages are PHP, Python, Java, Ruby on Rails, etc. In Java, there are two technologies Servlet and JSPs, that deals with dynamic content and database. Java also provides frameworks such as Spring, Spring Boot, Hibernate, and Struts to use the servlet and JSP easily.
The Servlets and JSPs are server-side technologies that extend the functionality of a web server. They support dynamic response and data persistence. We can easily create a web application using these technologies.
Let's create our first web applications: