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#Composite_Design_Pattern

👉Problem

Application needs to manipulate a hierarchical collection of "primitive" and "composite" objects. Processing of a primitive object is handled one way, and processing of a composite object is handled differently. Having to query the "type" of each object before attempting to process it is not desirable.

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#Java_Interview_Question

134) Can you access the private method from outside the class?

Yes, by changing the runtime behaviour of a class if the class is not secured.

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#Java_Interview_Question

👉Java Networking Terminology

The widely used java networking terminologies are given below:

1️⃣IP Address

2️⃣Protocol

3️⃣Port Number

4️⃣MAC Address

5️⃣Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol

7️⃣Socket

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☕️JAVA Language Community
#Java_Interview_Question 👉Java Networking Terminology The widely used java networking terminologies are given below: 1️⃣IP Address 2️⃣Protocol 3️⃣Port Number 4️⃣MAC Address 5️⃣Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol 7️⃣Socket @javaCode☕️
1️⃣IP Address
IP address is a unique number assigned to a node of a network e.g. 192.168.0.1 . It is composed of octets that range from 0 to 255.
It is a logical address that can be changed.

2️⃣Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules basically that is followed for communication. For example:
* TCP
* FTP
* Telnet
* SMTP
* POP etc.

3️⃣Port Number
The port number is used to uniquely identify different applications. It acts as a communication endpoint between applications.
The port number is associated with the IP address for communication between two applications.

4️⃣MAC Address
MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a unique identifier of NIC (Network Interface Controller). A network node can have multiple NIC but each with unique MAC.

5️⃣Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol
In connection-oriented protocol, acknowledgement is sent by the receiver. So it is reliable but slow. The example of connection-oriented protocol is TCP.
But, in connection-less protocol, acknowledgement is not sent by the receiver. So it is not reliable but fast. The example of connection-less protocol is UDP.

6️⃣Socket
A socket is an endpoint between two way communication.

@javaCode☕️
#Java_Interview_Question

135) What is the difference between ArrayList and Vector?

1️⃣ArrayList is not synchronized.
Vector is synchronized.

2️⃣ArrayList is not a legacy class.
Vector is a legacy class.

3️⃣ArrayList increases its size by 50% of the array size.
Vector increases its size by doubling the array size.

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#Composite_Design_Pattern

👉Discussion

Define an abstract base class (Component) that specifies the behavior that needs to be exercised uniformly across all primitive and composite objects. Subclass the Primitive and Composite classes off of the Component class. Each Composite object "couples" itself only to the abstract type Component as it manages its "children".

Use this pattern whenever you have "composites that contain components, each of which could be a composite".

Child management methods [e.g. addChild(), removeChild()] should normally be defined in the Composite class. Unfortunately, the desire to treat Primitives and Composites uniformly requires that these methods be moved to the abstract Component class. See the "Opinions" section below for a discussion of "safety" versus "transparency" issues.

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#Composite_Design_Pattern @javaCode☕️
👉Structure

Composites that contain Components, each of which could be a Composite.

Menus that contain menu items, each of which could be a menu.

Row-column GUI layout managers that contain widgets, each of which could be a row-column GUI layout manager.

Directories that contain files, each of which could be a directory.

Containers that contain Elements, each of which could be a Container.

#Composite_Design_Pattern

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#Java_Interview_Question

136) What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

1️⃣ArrayList uses a dynamic array. LinkedList uses doubly linked list.

2️⃣ArrayList is not efficient for manipulation because a lot of shifting is required. LinkedList is efficient for manipulation.

3️⃣ArrayList is better to store and fetch data. LinkedList is better to manipulate data.

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#Composite_Design_Pattern

👉Example

The Composite composes objects into tree structures and lets clients treat individual objects and compositions uniformly. Although the example is abstract, arithmetic expressions are Composites. An arithmetic expression consists of an operand, an operator (+ - * /), and another operand. The operand can be a number, or another arithmetic expression. Thus, 2 + 3 and (2 + 3) + (4 * 6) are both valid expressions.

@javaCode☕️
#Java_Interview_Question

137) What is the difference between Iterator and ListIterator?

Iterator traverses the elements in forward direction only whereas ListIterator traverses the elements in forward and backward direction.

1) Iterator traverses the elements in forward direction only. ListIterator traverses the elements in backward and forward directions both.
2) Iterator can be used in List, Set and Queue. ListIterator can be used in List only.

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