IPAPER CLASSES

Federation)
• Establishment (India): 1925 (Indian Hockey Federation)
• Governing Body: FIH (Headquarters – Lausanne,
Switzerland)
• Field Dimensions: 100 yards × 60 yards
• Players: 11
• Equipment: Hockey stick, ball, pads
• Major Trophies: Hockey World Cup, Sultan Azlan Shah
Cup, Nehru Cup, Champions Trophy, Beighton Cup, Asia
Cup
• First Olympic Gold (India): 1928 (Amsterdam)
• India’s First Hockey World Cup Win: 1975
• Terms Used in Game: Dribble, push, scoop, bully, penalty
corner, flick, striker, goalkeep

✍️Instruments
• Thermometer – Measures temperature
• Pyrometer – Measures very high temperature
• Calorimeter – Measures quantity of heat
• Hygrometer – Measures humidity in air
• Barometer – Measures air pressure
• Anemometer – Measures wind speed and force
• Manometer – Measures pressure of gases
• Sphygmomanometer – Measures blood pressure
• Ammeter – Measures electric current
• Voltmeter – Measures potential difference
• Ohmmeter – Measures electrical resistance
• Galvanometer – Detects and measures small electric
currents
• Multimeter – Measures voltage, current, and resistance
• Electrocardiograph (ECG) – Records electrical activity of
the heart
• Stethoscope – Detects and amplifies heartbeat and
internal sounds
• Seismograph – Measures earthquake waves
• Lactometer – Measures purity of milk
• Hydrometer – Measures specific gravity of liquids
• Altimeter – Measures altitude
• Speedometer – Measures speed of vehicles
• Odometer – Measures distance travelled
• Tachometer – Measures rotational speed
• Dynamometer – Measures power or force
• Colorimeter – Measures concentration of coloured
solutions
• Spectrometer – Analyzes the spectrum of light
• Microscope – Magnifies small objects
• Telescope – Observes distant objects
• Periscope – Views objects above obstacles
• Binoculars – Used for distant viewing with both eyes

✍️Crop Seasons
1. Kharif Crops
• Sowing: June–July
• Harvesting: September–October
• Rain-dependent
• Major crops: Rice (Paddy), Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Soybean,
Sugarcane
2. Rabi Crops
• Sowing: October–November
• Harvesting: March–April
• Require more irrigation
• Crops: Wheat, Gram, Pea, Potato, Mustard
3. Zaid Crops
• Sowing: March–June (between Kharif & Rabi)
• Crops: Watermelon, Muskmelon, Cucumber, Kakdi,
Peanut, Sugarcan

✍️Agricultural Revolutions
• Green Revolution (1965) – M.S. Swaminathan
• White Revolution (1970) – Dr. Verghese Kurien (Milk
production)
• Blue Revolution – Fisheries
• Golden Revolution – Fruits & Honey production
• Yellow Revolution – Oilseed production
• Pink Revolution – Onion & meat production
• Black Revolution – Petroleum production
• Grey Revolution – Fertilizer production
• Silver Revolution – Egg production
• Golden Fiber Revolution – Jute production
• Round Revolution – Potato production
• Brown Revolution – Leather production
Farming Techniques
• Pomiculture – Fruit cultivation
• Olericulture – Vegetable cultivation
• Floriculture – Flower cultivation
• Viticulture – Grape cultivation
• Pisciculture – Fish farming
• Apiculture – Bee keeping
• Sericulture – Silkworm rearing
• Tissue Culture – Growing plants from a single cell
• Moriculture – Mulberry cultivation
• Horticulture – Fruits & flowers cultivation
• Aeroponics – Soil-less cultivation
• Cuniculture – Rabbit farming

✍️Gautam Buddha & Buddhism
• Birth – Lumbini(DELHI POLICE CONSTABLE 2022)
• Enlightenment – Bodh Gaya
• First Sermon – Sarnath
• Mahaparinirvana – Kushinagar (UPP Com. Operator Grade-
A 2013)
• First sermon: Sarnath (Dharmachakra Pravartan) – (SSC GD 2018,UPSSSC
Kanisth Sahayak 31.05.2019)
• Mahaparinirvana: Kushinagar – (UPSSSC Rajya Mandi
Parishad 30.05.2019)
• Main texts: Tripitaka – (UPSI 1991)
• Includes: Jataka tales, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka,
Sutta Pitaka
• Structures: Stupa, Vihara, Chaitya, Pillar
• Fa-Hien: Chinese traveller during Chandragupta II – (SSC CGL 2025,UPSI
Mritak Ashrit 2016)

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