#Interview_Basics
Money Market Instruments
The Money Market is a market for short-term borrowing and lending (up to 1 year). It helps the Government, RBI, banks, financial institutions, and companies manage their short-term liquidity requirements.
1. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
• Issued by the Government of India.
• Maturity: 91, 182, and 364 days.
• Issued at a discount and redeemed at face value (Zero-coupon security).
• Considered the safest money market instrument.
2. Call Money
• Very short-term borrowing and lending between banks.
• Maturity: 1 day (overnight).
• Helps banks meet temporary liquidity shortages.
3. Notice Money
• Similar to Call Money but with a maturity of 2–14 days.
4. Term Money
• Inter-bank borrowing and lending for 15 days to 1 year.
5. Commercial Paper (CP)
• Unsecured short-term promissory note issued by companies, NBFCs, and financial institutions.
• Used to meet working capital requirements.
• Issued at a discount.
6. Certificate of Deposit (CD)
• Issued by Scheduled Commercial Banks and select Financial Institutions.
• A negotiable time deposit with a fixed maturity.
• Used by banks to raise short-term funds.
7. Commercial Bill (Trade Bill)
• Bill of Exchange raised during credit sales.
• Can be discounted with banks before maturity to obtain immediate funds.
• Facilitates trade finance.
8. Repo (Repurchase Agreement)
• A short-term borrowing arrangement where banks sell Government Securities to RBI (or another party) with an agreement to repurchase them later.
• Used by RBI to inject liquidity into the banking system.
9. Reverse Repo
• Banks park surplus funds with RBI and earn interest.
• Used by RBI to absorb excess liquidity.
10. Tri-Party Repo (TREPS)
• A collateralized money market instrument settled through a third-party agent (CCIL).
• Widely used by Mutual Funds, Banks, and Financial Institutions for short-term fund management.
Credit : Interview Library
Money Market Instruments
The Money Market is a market for short-term borrowing and lending (up to 1 year). It helps the Government, RBI, banks, financial institutions, and companies manage their short-term liquidity requirements.
1. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
• Issued by the Government of India.
• Maturity: 91, 182, and 364 days.
• Issued at a discount and redeemed at face value (Zero-coupon security).
• Considered the safest money market instrument.
2. Call Money
• Very short-term borrowing and lending between banks.
• Maturity: 1 day (overnight).
• Helps banks meet temporary liquidity shortages.
3. Notice Money
• Similar to Call Money but with a maturity of 2–14 days.
4. Term Money
• Inter-bank borrowing and lending for 15 days to 1 year.
5. Commercial Paper (CP)
• Unsecured short-term promissory note issued by companies, NBFCs, and financial institutions.
• Used to meet working capital requirements.
• Issued at a discount.
6. Certificate of Deposit (CD)
• Issued by Scheduled Commercial Banks and select Financial Institutions.
• A negotiable time deposit with a fixed maturity.
• Used by banks to raise short-term funds.
7. Commercial Bill (Trade Bill)
• Bill of Exchange raised during credit sales.
• Can be discounted with banks before maturity to obtain immediate funds.
• Facilitates trade finance.
8. Repo (Repurchase Agreement)
• A short-term borrowing arrangement where banks sell Government Securities to RBI (or another party) with an agreement to repurchase them later.
• Used by RBI to inject liquidity into the banking system.
9. Reverse Repo
• Banks park surplus funds with RBI and earn interest.
• Used by RBI to absorb excess liquidity.
10. Tri-Party Repo (TREPS)
• A collateralized money market instrument settled through a third-party agent (CCIL).
• Widely used by Mutual Funds, Banks, and Financial Institutions for short-term fund management.
Credit : Interview Library
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PEMTSchedule-2025ContingencyList.pdf
294.6 KB
NIACL AO Reserve List Out
As a mentor, one of the most beautiful feelings is seeing your people achieve what they once dreamed of.
At some point, you're no longer just a part of their journey—you become invested in it. Their failures start feeling like your own, and their success reminds you why you chose this profession in the first place.
Feeling really proud today to see that most of our old members are now well settled in Insurance Organisations and Regulatory Bodies.
Heartiest congratulations, Raghav! I always believed in you❤️
Keep shining. This is just the beginning 🏆
At some point, you're no longer just a part of their journey—you become invested in it. Their failures start feeling like your own, and their success reminds you why you chose this profession in the first place.
Feeling really proud today to see that most of our old members are now well settled in Insurance Organisations and Regulatory Bodies.
Heartiest congratulations, Raghav! I always believed in you❤️
Keep shining. This is just the beginning 🏆
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The union govt approved a draft amendment bill to the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024, ; up to 10 years in jail, ₹10 crore fine, and other provisions.
The law mandates that the fast-track courts and investigators must complete their processes and deliver final verdicts within three months.
The amendments explicitly target syndicates and organised networks that systematically procure, distribute, and monetise leaked public question papers.
The amended bill will be introduced in Parliament early next week.
The law mandates that the fast-track courts and investigators must complete their processes and deliver final verdicts within three months.
The amendments explicitly target syndicates and organised networks that systematically procure, distribute, and monetise leaked public question papers.
The amended bill will be introduced in Parliament early next week.
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#Interview_Basics
Important Capital Market Related Terms - Part 01
The Capital Market deals with long-term funds (more than 1 year). It enables governments and companies to raise capital for expansion and long-term projects.
1. Equity Share
• Represents ownership in a company.
• Shareholders have voting rights.
• Returns come through dividends (not guaranteed) and capital appreciation.
2. Preference Share
• Carries fixed dividend.
• Dividend is paid before equity shareholders.
• Generally no voting rights.
3. Bond
• A debt instrument through which governments, PSUs, financial institutions, or companies borrow money.
• Investors receive fixed interest (coupon) and principal on maturity.
4. Debenture
• A corporate debt instrument issued mainly by companies.
• May be secured or unsecured.
• Pays fixed interest and is redeemed on maturity.
5. Government Securities (G-Secs)
• Bonds issued by the Government of India.
• Considered virtually risk-free.
• Include Treasury Bills and Dated Government Securities.
6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)
• The first sale of shares by a private company to the public.
• Used to raise capital and get listed on a stock exchange.
7. Follow-on Public Offer (FPO)
• Issue of additional shares by a company that is already listed.
8. Rights Issue
• Existing shareholders are given the right to buy additional shares, usually at a discounted price.
9. Bonus Issue
• Company issues free additional shares to existing shareholders from its reserves.
• No fresh money is raised.
10. Dividend
• A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.
• Declared by the Board and approved by shareholders.
Credit : Interview Library
Important Capital Market Related Terms - Part 01
The Capital Market deals with long-term funds (more than 1 year). It enables governments and companies to raise capital for expansion and long-term projects.
1. Equity Share
• Represents ownership in a company.
• Shareholders have voting rights.
• Returns come through dividends (not guaranteed) and capital appreciation.
2. Preference Share
• Carries fixed dividend.
• Dividend is paid before equity shareholders.
• Generally no voting rights.
3. Bond
• A debt instrument through which governments, PSUs, financial institutions, or companies borrow money.
• Investors receive fixed interest (coupon) and principal on maturity.
4. Debenture
• A corporate debt instrument issued mainly by companies.
• May be secured or unsecured.
• Pays fixed interest and is redeemed on maturity.
5. Government Securities (G-Secs)
• Bonds issued by the Government of India.
• Considered virtually risk-free.
• Include Treasury Bills and Dated Government Securities.
6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)
• The first sale of shares by a private company to the public.
• Used to raise capital and get listed on a stock exchange.
7. Follow-on Public Offer (FPO)
• Issue of additional shares by a company that is already listed.
8. Rights Issue
• Existing shareholders are given the right to buy additional shares, usually at a discounted price.
9. Bonus Issue
• Company issues free additional shares to existing shareholders from its reserves.
• No fresh money is raised.
10. Dividend
• A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.
• Declared by the Board and approved by shareholders.
Credit : Interview Library
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PNB SO INTERVIEW CALL LETTER OUT
https://ibpsreg.ibps.in/pnbvpapr26/intcla_jul26/login.php?appid=f05024e021452017296deb8754615a7a
https://ibpsreg.ibps.in/pnbvpapr26/intcla_jul26/login.php?appid=f05024e021452017296deb8754615a7a
IDBI Assistant Manager Interview Result Out
https://apps.idbibank.in/rs-assistant-executive-june-2019-1.asp
https://apps.idbibank.in/rs-assistant-executive-june-2019-1.asp
Important Capital Market Related Terms - Part 02
11. Market Capitalization
• Total market value of a company's outstanding shares.
• Formula: Share Price × Number of Outstanding Shares.
• Companies are classified as Large-cap, Mid-cap, and Small-cap.
12. Face Value
• Original value of a share assigned by the company (e.g., ₹10).
• Used for accounting purposes and dividend calculation.
13. Book Value
• Company's net worth per share based on its balance sheet.
• = (Assets − Liabilities) ÷ Number of Shares.
14. Blue-chip Company
• Large, financially strong, and well-established company with a consistent performance record.
• Example: SBI, TCS, Infosys.
15. Bull Market
• A market where prices are generally rising and investor confidence is high.
16. Bear Market
• A market where prices are generally falling and investor sentiment is weak.
17. Capital Gain
• Profit earned from selling a security at a price higher than its purchase price.
18. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
• India's capital market regulator.
• Protects investors, regulates intermediaries, and promotes market development.
19. Stock Exchange
• Platform where securities are bought and sold.
• Major exchanges: BSE and NSE.
20. Mutual Fund
• A professionally managed investment vehicle that pools money from investors and invests in equities, bonds, money market instruments, or a mix of these.
Credit : Interview Library
11. Market Capitalization
• Total market value of a company's outstanding shares.
• Formula: Share Price × Number of Outstanding Shares.
• Companies are classified as Large-cap, Mid-cap, and Small-cap.
12. Face Value
• Original value of a share assigned by the company (e.g., ₹10).
• Used for accounting purposes and dividend calculation.
13. Book Value
• Company's net worth per share based on its balance sheet.
• = (Assets − Liabilities) ÷ Number of Shares.
14. Blue-chip Company
• Large, financially strong, and well-established company with a consistent performance record.
• Example: SBI, TCS, Infosys.
15. Bull Market
• A market where prices are generally rising and investor confidence is high.
16. Bear Market
• A market where prices are generally falling and investor sentiment is weak.
17. Capital Gain
• Profit earned from selling a security at a price higher than its purchase price.
18. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
• India's capital market regulator.
• Protects investors, regulates intermediaries, and promotes market development.
19. Stock Exchange
• Platform where securities are bought and sold.
• Major exchanges: BSE and NSE.
20. Mutual Fund
• A professionally managed investment vehicle that pools money from investors and invests in equities, bonds, money market instruments, or a mix of these.
Credit : Interview Library
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✍ HDFC Bank,Axis,ICICI collected more in minimum balance penalties than all 12 PSB.
Banks collected more than ₹26,170 crore from customers as penalties for failing to maintain the minimum average balance (MAB) in their accounts over the four financial years from FY23 to FY26, according to a written reply by Minister of State for Finance Pankaj Chaudhary in the Rajya Sabha.
The data, compiled from public sector banks and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), shows private lenders accounted for the larger share of these collections.
Banks collected more than ₹26,170 crore from customers as penalties for failing to maintain the minimum average balance (MAB) in their accounts over the four financial years from FY23 to FY26, according to a written reply by Minister of State for Finance Pankaj Chaudhary in the Rajya Sabha.
The data, compiled from public sector banks and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), shows private lenders accounted for the larger share of these collections.
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How to Tackle Interview Questions on NEET Protest
(Credit : Interview Library)
Sample Answer :
"The NEET protests highlight the importance of credibility in public examinations. Since lakhs of students invest years of effort, even allegations of irregularities can significantly affect public trust.
In my opinion, students have the democratic right to peacefully express their concerns. At the same time, it is equally important that public order is maintained and protests remain peaceful.
The responsibility of the government is to ensure a fair investigation, transparent communication, and timely reforms so that confidence in the examination system is restored.
Strict action should be taken against anyone found responsible for malpractice.
Ultimately, the focus should be on strengthening institutions and preventing such incidents in the future, because restoring trust is in the interest of students as well as the country."
✓ If they ask: "Do you support the protests?"
Avoid saying simply "Yes" or "No."
Instead say:
"I support students' right to peacefully raise genuine concerns. However, I also believe that any protest should remain peaceful and within the limits of law. The long-term solution lies in institutional reforms rather than prolonged confrontation."
✓ If they ask: "Was the police action justified?"
Don't become a judge.
Say:
"Without knowing all the operational facts, it would not be appropriate for me to comment on individual actions. Generally, the police have the responsibility to maintain law and order, while citizens have the right to peaceful protest. Ideally, both objectives should be balanced with minimum use of force."
✓ If they ask: "What do you think about the Resignation of the Education Minister?"
This is a classic trap.
A good response is:
"The question of resignation is ultimately a political and constitutional decision. From an administrative perspective, what matters most is fixing the system, ensuring accountability, and preventing recurrence. If responsibility is established through due process, appropriate action should follow."
(Credit : Interview Library)
Sample Answer :
"The NEET protests highlight the importance of credibility in public examinations. Since lakhs of students invest years of effort, even allegations of irregularities can significantly affect public trust.
In my opinion, students have the democratic right to peacefully express their concerns. At the same time, it is equally important that public order is maintained and protests remain peaceful.
The responsibility of the government is to ensure a fair investigation, transparent communication, and timely reforms so that confidence in the examination system is restored.
Strict action should be taken against anyone found responsible for malpractice.
Ultimately, the focus should be on strengthening institutions and preventing such incidents in the future, because restoring trust is in the interest of students as well as the country."
✓ If they ask: "Do you support the protests?"
Avoid saying simply "Yes" or "No."
Instead say:
"I support students' right to peacefully raise genuine concerns. However, I also believe that any protest should remain peaceful and within the limits of law. The long-term solution lies in institutional reforms rather than prolonged confrontation."
✓ If they ask: "Was the police action justified?"
Don't become a judge.
Say:
"Without knowing all the operational facts, it would not be appropriate for me to comment on individual actions. Generally, the police have the responsibility to maintain law and order, while citizens have the right to peaceful protest. Ideally, both objectives should be balanced with minimum use of force."
✓ If they ask: "What do you think about the Resignation of the Education Minister?"
This is a classic trap.
A good response is:
"The question of resignation is ultimately a political and constitutional decision. From an administrative perspective, what matters most is fixing the system, ensuring accountability, and preventing recurrence. If responsibility is established through due process, appropriate action should follow."
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No performance or wear and tear in older vehicles running on E20, Union Transport Ministir Nitin Gadkari tells Parliament
BS-III vehicles, introduced from April 1, 2005 and manufactured before 2016, may require replacement of some rubber parts and gaskets when run on E20, the minister tells Rajya Sabha
BS-III vehicles, introduced from April 1, 2005 and manufactured before 2016, may require replacement of some rubber parts and gaskets when run on E20, the minister tells Rajya Sabha
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