UPI above 2,000 may attract 0.5% MDR for large traders
The government is considering introducing a merchant discount rate (MDR) on UPI payments made to large merchants, Moneycontrol has learnt. The fee may be set below 0.5 percent and apply to transactions above Rs 2,000.
MDR is a fee charged by banks for processing real-time digital transactions.
“This is the proposal being considered by the government right now, and a decision on the same is expected within two weeks,” a senior government source said. “The MDR will be levied only on large merchants and businesses.”
(Aparchit)
The government is considering introducing a merchant discount rate (MDR) on UPI payments made to large merchants, Moneycontrol has learnt. The fee may be set below 0.5 percent and apply to transactions above Rs 2,000.
MDR is a fee charged by banks for processing real-time digital transactions.
“This is the proposal being considered by the government right now, and a decision on the same is expected within two weeks,” a senior government source said. “The MDR will be levied only on large merchants and businesses.”
(Aparchit)
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Interview Library
NICL Assistant 2026 Notification Out • Vacancies - 500 • Age Limit - 21 to 30 Years • Eligibility - Graduation • Prelims - 27 Aug • Mains - 30 Oct
A Dedicated Discussion Group for those wishing to prepare for NICL Assistant
https://t.me/NICL_Assistant_2026
https://t.me/NICL_Assistant_2026
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Apple unseats Nvidia as World's largest company.
Apple has overtaken Nvidia to reclaim the title of the world’s most valuable publicly traded company, ending a reign that Nvidia built almost entirely on the back of insatiable demand for AI chips.
The two companies had been running neck and neck for weeks. In mid-July 2026, the gap between them narrowed to roughly $20 billion on certain trading days.
Nvidia’s market cap has ranged between roughly $4.7 trillion and $5.15 trillion in early-to-mid July 2026, while Apple’s has tracked between $4.5 trillion and $4.9 trillion over the same stretch. Apple’s fiscal third-quarter earnings, due July 30, are expected to show revenue growth of 14% to 17%.
Apple has overtaken Nvidia to reclaim the title of the world’s most valuable publicly traded company, ending a reign that Nvidia built almost entirely on the back of insatiable demand for AI chips.
The two companies had been running neck and neck for weeks. In mid-July 2026, the gap between them narrowed to roughly $20 billion on certain trading days.
Nvidia’s market cap has ranged between roughly $4.7 trillion and $5.15 trillion in early-to-mid July 2026, while Apple’s has tracked between $4.5 trillion and $4.9 trillion over the same stretch. Apple’s fiscal third-quarter earnings, due July 30, are expected to show revenue growth of 14% to 17%.
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IIFCL Grade A/B– MOCK INTERVIEW SESSION
Purpose:
✓ Most Expected Questions based on your profile
✓ Questions covering all Segments like IIFCL, work profile, HR, your background and Education, current affairs, etc
✓ An opportunity to resolve all your doubts Live
✓ A detailed Feedback highlighting Positives and Negatives
Panel Members:
2 Panelists with Experience in Banking, Insurance and Regulatory bodies
Duration: 45-60 minutes
Platform: Google Meet
Fee: ₹499 per session
(Payment via UPI; QR code will be shared upon confirmation in a personal message)
Availability:
Weekdays and Weekends - Evenings
To Enroll:
Send a message to @js_rbi
Purpose:
✓ Most Expected Questions based on your profile
✓ Questions covering all Segments like IIFCL, work profile, HR, your background and Education, current affairs, etc
✓ An opportunity to resolve all your doubts Live
✓ A detailed Feedback highlighting Positives and Negatives
Panel Members:
2 Panelists with Experience in Banking, Insurance and Regulatory bodies
Duration: 45-60 minutes
Platform: Google Meet
Fee: ₹499 per session
(Payment via UPI; QR code will be shared upon confirmation in a personal message)
Availability:
Weekdays and Weekends - Evenings
To Enroll:
Send a message to @js_rbi
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🏦 RBI Issues New Rules for Sale of Seized Properties
Effective From: 1 October 2026
• RBI has issued new rules for houses, land and commercial properties that banks acquire from loan defaulters.
• Banks must sell these properties within 7 years of acquiring them. They are encouraged to sell them earlier through public auctions.
• The defaulting borrower and related parties cannot buy back the seized property from the bank. This prevents borrowers from intentionally defaulting and later reclaiming the property.
• Valuation: The property will be valued at the lower of:
✓Outstanding loan value (Net Book Value), or
✓Fair value assessed by two independent valuers.
• Every bank must have a Board-approved policy for managing and selling such properties.
• These rules apply only after the property legally becomes the bank's ownership. Borrowers' rights under the SARFAESI Act, 2002 remain unchanged before that.
Effective From: 1 October 2026
• RBI has issued new rules for houses, land and commercial properties that banks acquire from loan defaulters.
• Banks must sell these properties within 7 years of acquiring them. They are encouraged to sell them earlier through public auctions.
• The defaulting borrower and related parties cannot buy back the seized property from the bank. This prevents borrowers from intentionally defaulting and later reclaiming the property.
• Valuation: The property will be valued at the lower of:
✓Outstanding loan value (Net Book Value), or
✓Fair value assessed by two independent valuers.
• Every bank must have a Board-approved policy for managing and selling such properties.
• These rules apply only after the property legally becomes the bank's ownership. Borrowers' rights under the SARFAESI Act, 2002 remain unchanged before that.
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Major Banks Earn over 20,000 Crore from insurance sales in FY26.
Leading public and private sector banks dominated this lucrative fee stream, with nearly 80% of earnings coming from insurance sales:HDFC Bank: ₹6,927 croreICICI Bank: ₹4,068 croreAxis Bank: ₹3,700 croreState Bank of India (SBI): ₹2,795.01 crore (a 19.26% jump from the previous year)Kotak Mahindra Bank: ₹1,075 crore
Leading public and private sector banks dominated this lucrative fee stream, with nearly 80% of earnings coming from insurance sales:HDFC Bank: ₹6,927 croreICICI Bank: ₹4,068 croreAxis Bank: ₹3,700 croreState Bank of India (SBI): ₹2,795.01 crore (a 19.26% jump from the previous year)Kotak Mahindra Bank: ₹1,075 crore
Banks, financial institutions saw fraud of 1.42 trillion in 5 Years
Banks and financial institutions reported fraud of Rs 1.42 lakh crore in the last five financial years and recovery to the tune of Rs 6,389 crore was made during the period, Parliament was informed on Tuesday.
In a written reply to Rajya Sabha, Minister of State for Finance Pankaj Chaudhary said his ministry has been apprised by RBI that it is not maintaining information pertaining to the action taken against wilful defaulters.
Public sector banks, as on March 31, 2026, have recovered an aggregate amount of Rs 52,360 crore from wilful defaulters.
Further, he said, recovery in accounts classified as fraud is an ongoing process and as per RBI data, an aggregate recovery of Rs 6,389 crore was made in such accounts during the last five financial years.
Banks and financial institutions reported fraud of Rs 1.42 lakh crore in the last five financial years and recovery to the tune of Rs 6,389 crore was made during the period, Parliament was informed on Tuesday.
In a written reply to Rajya Sabha, Minister of State for Finance Pankaj Chaudhary said his ministry has been apprised by RBI that it is not maintaining information pertaining to the action taken against wilful defaulters.
Public sector banks, as on March 31, 2026, have recovered an aggregate amount of Rs 52,360 crore from wilful defaulters.
Further, he said, recovery in accounts classified as fraud is an ongoing process and as per RBI data, an aggregate recovery of Rs 6,389 crore was made in such accounts during the last five financial years.
#Interview_Basics
Money Market Instruments
The Money Market is a market for short-term borrowing and lending (up to 1 year). It helps the Government, RBI, banks, financial institutions, and companies manage their short-term liquidity requirements.
1. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
• Issued by the Government of India.
• Maturity: 91, 182, and 364 days.
• Issued at a discount and redeemed at face value (Zero-coupon security).
• Considered the safest money market instrument.
2. Call Money
• Very short-term borrowing and lending between banks.
• Maturity: 1 day (overnight).
• Helps banks meet temporary liquidity shortages.
3. Notice Money
• Similar to Call Money but with a maturity of 2–14 days.
4. Term Money
• Inter-bank borrowing and lending for 15 days to 1 year.
5. Commercial Paper (CP)
• Unsecured short-term promissory note issued by companies, NBFCs, and financial institutions.
• Used to meet working capital requirements.
• Issued at a discount.
6. Certificate of Deposit (CD)
• Issued by Scheduled Commercial Banks and select Financial Institutions.
• A negotiable time deposit with a fixed maturity.
• Used by banks to raise short-term funds.
7. Commercial Bill (Trade Bill)
• Bill of Exchange raised during credit sales.
• Can be discounted with banks before maturity to obtain immediate funds.
• Facilitates trade finance.
8. Repo (Repurchase Agreement)
• A short-term borrowing arrangement where banks sell Government Securities to RBI (or another party) with an agreement to repurchase them later.
• Used by RBI to inject liquidity into the banking system.
9. Reverse Repo
• Banks park surplus funds with RBI and earn interest.
• Used by RBI to absorb excess liquidity.
10. Tri-Party Repo (TREPS)
• A collateralized money market instrument settled through a third-party agent (CCIL).
• Widely used by Mutual Funds, Banks, and Financial Institutions for short-term fund management.
Credit : Interview Library
Money Market Instruments
The Money Market is a market for short-term borrowing and lending (up to 1 year). It helps the Government, RBI, banks, financial institutions, and companies manage their short-term liquidity requirements.
1. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
• Issued by the Government of India.
• Maturity: 91, 182, and 364 days.
• Issued at a discount and redeemed at face value (Zero-coupon security).
• Considered the safest money market instrument.
2. Call Money
• Very short-term borrowing and lending between banks.
• Maturity: 1 day (overnight).
• Helps banks meet temporary liquidity shortages.
3. Notice Money
• Similar to Call Money but with a maturity of 2–14 days.
4. Term Money
• Inter-bank borrowing and lending for 15 days to 1 year.
5. Commercial Paper (CP)
• Unsecured short-term promissory note issued by companies, NBFCs, and financial institutions.
• Used to meet working capital requirements.
• Issued at a discount.
6. Certificate of Deposit (CD)
• Issued by Scheduled Commercial Banks and select Financial Institutions.
• A negotiable time deposit with a fixed maturity.
• Used by banks to raise short-term funds.
7. Commercial Bill (Trade Bill)
• Bill of Exchange raised during credit sales.
• Can be discounted with banks before maturity to obtain immediate funds.
• Facilitates trade finance.
8. Repo (Repurchase Agreement)
• A short-term borrowing arrangement where banks sell Government Securities to RBI (or another party) with an agreement to repurchase them later.
• Used by RBI to inject liquidity into the banking system.
9. Reverse Repo
• Banks park surplus funds with RBI and earn interest.
• Used by RBI to absorb excess liquidity.
10. Tri-Party Repo (TREPS)
• A collateralized money market instrument settled through a third-party agent (CCIL).
• Widely used by Mutual Funds, Banks, and Financial Institutions for short-term fund management.
Credit : Interview Library
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PEMTSchedule-2025ContingencyList.pdf
294.6 KB
NIACL AO Reserve List Out
As a mentor, one of the most beautiful feelings is seeing your people achieve what they once dreamed of.
At some point, you're no longer just a part of their journey—you become invested in it. Their failures start feeling like your own, and their success reminds you why you chose this profession in the first place.
Feeling really proud today to see that most of our old members are now well settled in Insurance Organisations and Regulatory Bodies.
Heartiest congratulations, Raghav! I always believed in you❤️
Keep shining. This is just the beginning 🏆
At some point, you're no longer just a part of their journey—you become invested in it. Their failures start feeling like your own, and their success reminds you why you chose this profession in the first place.
Feeling really proud today to see that most of our old members are now well settled in Insurance Organisations and Regulatory Bodies.
Heartiest congratulations, Raghav! I always believed in you❤️
Keep shining. This is just the beginning 🏆
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The union govt approved a draft amendment bill to the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024, ; up to 10 years in jail, ₹10 crore fine, and other provisions.
The law mandates that the fast-track courts and investigators must complete their processes and deliver final verdicts within three months.
The amendments explicitly target syndicates and organised networks that systematically procure, distribute, and monetise leaked public question papers.
The amended bill will be introduced in Parliament early next week.
The law mandates that the fast-track courts and investigators must complete their processes and deliver final verdicts within three months.
The amendments explicitly target syndicates and organised networks that systematically procure, distribute, and monetise leaked public question papers.
The amended bill will be introduced in Parliament early next week.
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#Interview_Basics
Important Capital Market Related Terms - Part 01
The Capital Market deals with long-term funds (more than 1 year). It enables governments and companies to raise capital for expansion and long-term projects.
1. Equity Share
• Represents ownership in a company.
• Shareholders have voting rights.
• Returns come through dividends (not guaranteed) and capital appreciation.
2. Preference Share
• Carries fixed dividend.
• Dividend is paid before equity shareholders.
• Generally no voting rights.
3. Bond
• A debt instrument through which governments, PSUs, financial institutions, or companies borrow money.
• Investors receive fixed interest (coupon) and principal on maturity.
4. Debenture
• A corporate debt instrument issued mainly by companies.
• May be secured or unsecured.
• Pays fixed interest and is redeemed on maturity.
5. Government Securities (G-Secs)
• Bonds issued by the Government of India.
• Considered virtually risk-free.
• Include Treasury Bills and Dated Government Securities.
6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)
• The first sale of shares by a private company to the public.
• Used to raise capital and get listed on a stock exchange.
7. Follow-on Public Offer (FPO)
• Issue of additional shares by a company that is already listed.
8. Rights Issue
• Existing shareholders are given the right to buy additional shares, usually at a discounted price.
9. Bonus Issue
• Company issues free additional shares to existing shareholders from its reserves.
• No fresh money is raised.
10. Dividend
• A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.
• Declared by the Board and approved by shareholders.
Credit : Interview Library
Important Capital Market Related Terms - Part 01
The Capital Market deals with long-term funds (more than 1 year). It enables governments and companies to raise capital for expansion and long-term projects.
1. Equity Share
• Represents ownership in a company.
• Shareholders have voting rights.
• Returns come through dividends (not guaranteed) and capital appreciation.
2. Preference Share
• Carries fixed dividend.
• Dividend is paid before equity shareholders.
• Generally no voting rights.
3. Bond
• A debt instrument through which governments, PSUs, financial institutions, or companies borrow money.
• Investors receive fixed interest (coupon) and principal on maturity.
4. Debenture
• A corporate debt instrument issued mainly by companies.
• May be secured or unsecured.
• Pays fixed interest and is redeemed on maturity.
5. Government Securities (G-Secs)
• Bonds issued by the Government of India.
• Considered virtually risk-free.
• Include Treasury Bills and Dated Government Securities.
6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)
• The first sale of shares by a private company to the public.
• Used to raise capital and get listed on a stock exchange.
7. Follow-on Public Offer (FPO)
• Issue of additional shares by a company that is already listed.
8. Rights Issue
• Existing shareholders are given the right to buy additional shares, usually at a discounted price.
9. Bonus Issue
• Company issues free additional shares to existing shareholders from its reserves.
• No fresh money is raised.
10. Dividend
• A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.
• Declared by the Board and approved by shareholders.
Credit : Interview Library
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