📌Liver injury ^degeneration :
a-ballooning (swollen hepatocyte)
b-foamy (hepatocyte containing bile)
c-steatosis(fat droplet in hepatocyte)
📌necrosis of liver : councilman bodies:
centrilobular -focal-piecemeal -massive
📌Cirrhosis↪end of chronic liver Dis
📌massive hepatic necrosis or cirrhosis lead to↪hepatic failure
📌fibrosis:response to inflammation ➡irreversible(nodule of regenerating hepatocyte surrounded by fibrous band↔️Cirrhosis
📌 most common cause micronodular cirrhosis ↔️ alcohol
♦️Grigler-Nijjar 1 syndrome
No Glucoronyl transferase ✔️

♦️Gilbert syndrome
Mutation in Glucoronyl transferase ✔️
✔ Risk factor of hepato cellural carinoma :
🔹️HBV ,, HCV
🔹️Aflatoxin ,, Alcoholism
🔹️Cirrhosis ,, Carcinogene substance
✔most common benign lesions of the liver
are hemangiomas
✔commonest primary malignancy
Hepatocellular carcinoma
✔most common hepatic neoplasm are
metastatic carcinomas
✔ hemangiomas Can cause severe intra-abdominal bleeding
📌 Benign tumour of liver:
1. hemangioma ( more common )
2. Adenom
📌 Malignant Liver tumour :

1.( HCC) Hepato cellular carcinoma commonest primary tuomor ✔

2.Metastatic carcinoma ( most common hepatic neoplasm )
📌hepatitis
caused by
1/A;B;C;D;E;F;viruse
rarely by
2/ EPstein Barr viruse;
3/HCV;
4/CMV
5/autoimmume
6/drugs&toxin
7/alcohol
♦️HAV......
RNA-benign-self limited-
never cause chronic hepatitis
transmitted by feco/oral route
♦️HBV......
DNA-chronic hepatitis
-present in all body fluid exept stool..
spread by➡blood or body fluid contact
▫️Ground glass cell
▫️risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
♦️HCV......
RNA
most common cause of transfusion associated hepatitis
⬆⬆risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
♦️autoimmune hepatitis
more in female
Type 1 :; associated ē ANA &ASMA
Type 2 :; associated ē anti LKM1
♦️fulminant hepatitis
massive loss of parenchyma with collapsed reticulin framework &
preserved portal tracts
in chronic aggressive
🔥alcoholic liver Disease:
1-fatty liver:
✔fat droplet accumulate in hepatocyte ✔hepatomegaly-elevated bilirubin&alkaline phosphatase.


2-alcoholic hepatitis
✔hepatocyte swelling & necrosis -mallory body! -
✔neutrophilic infiltration-fibrosis-
at the time of fibrosis appears the damage is irreversible.
✔-elevated liver enzyme-fever.

3-alcoholic cirrhosis

📌wilson's disease (AR)
▫️Copper accumulated in liver & brain
▫️inherited disorder of copper metabolism
▫️kayser-fleischer ring at corneal limbus.
▫️low serum caeruloplasmin
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

#pathology

Liver cirrhosis
جاي شورت نوت في الفاينل .

شرفت علينا دكتورة عبير اليوم وقالت كورس الGIT فوته كله لكن ردبالك تسيب COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA
تلقاها في mcq, short note لكن المهم بتجيك

شرفت علينا د.الفيميل وقالت جايات 2 شورت نوت منه للفاينل

شرف علينا د. علي المالكي بس ماقال شي🌚

انا شرفت عليا دكتورة وقالت ان pleomorphic جايكم ف المعمل

شرف علينا دكتور في قسم الباثو بس منعرفش اسمه وهوا يحل في الامتحان قال ركزو علي اي حاجه يقولك هذي most common هذين اسئله الفاينل

ونحن شرفت علينا دكتورة رجاء وقالت الفرق في اشكال peptic alcer مهم جداً وهذا سؤال اورال

شرف علينا دكتور أحمد بن احسونة
ولما كمل شرح التاتوريال
ضاف نقطة mcq بشكل شفهي سألنا عليها وركز عليها وهي👇
Which of the following has more dangerous sequence to be coverted from polyps into carcinoma
A. Tubular adenoma
B. Villous adenoma
C. Tubulovillous adenoma
الجواب B

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