✅ DAY 5
Conditionals: if and else (Python)

print("What are conditionals?")

Conditionals are used to make decisions in a program.

Syntax

if condition:
    # code runs if condition is True
else:
    # code runs if condition is False

Example

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote")
else:
    print("You are not eligible to vote")

Output

You are eligible to vote

---

✔ Uses True/False conditions
✔ Executes different code blocks
✔ Very important for beginners

Try to rebuild the calculator using conditionals as well if you have questions then feel free to ask!!

✅DAY 6 Python elif & Nested Conditions

python 
print('Why elif?')

if/else

handles two conditions

elif

is used when there are more than two possibilities.

score = 75

if score >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 70:
    print("Grade: B")
else:
    print("Grade: C")

print("Flow Of Execution")

Python checks conditions from top to bottom.
The first True condition runs, the rest are ignored.

⚠️ Order matters!

print("Nested if Statements")

An if inside another if.

age = 20
has_id = True

if age >= 18:
    if has_id:
        print("Access granted")
    else:
        print("ID required")
else:
    print("Underage")

Real Life Example

balance = 500

if balance > 0:
    if balance >= 1000:
        print("Premium user")
    else:
        print("Standard user")
else:
    print("No balance")

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I hope you guys are practicing what i am posting here. the last five days are productive for you guys because we are advancing to sections that are a little bit more advanced sections that require your time and practice

✅Day 7
Python Lists (Collections Basics)

print("What are Python Lists?")

In real life, you make lists all the time:

- Shopping list
- Contact list
- Student list

In Python, a list is used to store multiple values in a single variable.

Instead of doing this ❌:

student1 = "Ali"
student2 = "Sara"
student3 = "John"

You do this ✅:

students = ["Ali", "Sara", "John"]

👉 A list:
* Can store many values
* Can store different data types
* Keeps items in order
* Allows duplicates
* Can be changed(mutable)

Creating a List
Syntax:

list_name = [item1, item2, item3]

Examples:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
names = ["Nova", "Alex", "Marta"]
mixed = [1, "Python", True, 3.5]

📌 Important:
Lists are written using square brackets [ ]

Accessing List Items (Indexing) — VERY IMPORTANT
Each item in a list has a position number, called an index.
👉 Python starts counting from 0, not 1.

Example:

names = ["Ali", "Sara", "John"]

| Item | Index |
| ---- | ----- |
| Ali | 0 |
| Sara | 1 |
| John | 2 |

Accessing Items:

print(names[0])  # Ali
print(names[1])  # Sara
print(names[2])  # John

⚠️ Common Mistake:

print(names[3])  # ERROR (index out of range)

Because index 3 does not exist.

Changing List Items (Mutability)
Lists are mutable, meaning you can change them after creation.

names = ["Ali", "Sara", "John"]

names[1] = "Nova"
print(names)

['Ali', 'Nova', 'John']

📌 Strings and numbers alone cannot be changed like this, but lists can.

Adding Items to a List

➕ append() — add to the end

numbers = [1, 2, 3]
numbers.append(4)
print(numbers)

Output:

[1, 2, 3, 4]

➕ insert() — add at a specific index

numbers.insert(1, 10)

Result:

[1, 10, 2, 3, 4]

Removing Items from a List

❌ remove() — remove by value

numbers.remove(10)

❌ pop() — remove by index (or last item)

numbers.pop()     # removes last item
numbers.pop(0)    # removes first item

📌 pop() is useful when you want the last added item removed.

Length of a List (len())

To know how many items are in a list:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"]
print(len(fruits))

Output:

3

This is very useful with loops.

For Today Lets stop here and try these. if you finish these you can go ahead check about looping through lists it will be our tomorrow challenge that we will tackle.

የኢንሳ ሳይበር ታለንት የኦላይን እና ቅዳሜ እና እሁድ ስልጠና ለመስጠት ምዝገባ በቅርብ እንጀምራለን። በተለይ በሳይበር ደህንነት እና ዴቨሎፕመንት ጀማሪ እና ኢንትርሚዲዬት የሆናችሁ ያዘጋንላችሁ የሶስት ወር ስልጠና ስላለ ምዝገባው እንዳያመልጣችሁ። ላልሰሙት ጓደኞቻችሁም መረጃውን አድርሷቸው። በትርፍ ጊዚዮ እና በአሉበት ሆነው የሳይበር ደህንነት ባለሙያ የሚያደርጎትን ስልጠና በነጻ ይውሰዱ።

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የኢመደአ/INSA የዊክ ኢንድ/weekend የታለንት ልማት ፕሮግራም ምዝገባ ተጀመረ

ፕሮግራሙ የሚሰጥበት ቀናት - በሳምንቱ መጨረሻ ቅዳሜ እና እሁድ
ፕሮግራሙ የሚሰጠዉ - አዲስ አበባ ኢመደአ ታለንት ማእከል
ፕሮግራሙን መሳተፍ የሚችሉ
1.በሳይበር እና በመሳሰሉት ዘርፎች ዘርፉ ላይ ልዩ ታለንት ያላቸዉ እና የሞካከሯቸዉን ፕሮጀክቶች ማሳየት የሚችሉ
2.ተቋሙ የሚያዘጋጀዉን ፈተና/ቻሌንጅ ማለፍ የሚችሉ
3.ቅዳሜ እና እሁድ ተመላልሰዉ መሳተፍ የሚችሉ
4.ከአንደኛ ደረጃ ጀምሮ እስከ ዩኒቨርስቲ ተመራቂ

ምዝገባዉ የሚደረግበት ፕላትፎርም ለዚሁ ፕሮግራም ተብሎ በተዘጋጀ ፖርታል - https://talent.insa.gov.et 

የምዝገባ ጊዜ ከጥር 27 - የካቲት 07 ድረስ

ስለፕሮግራሙ ማብራሪያ ከፈለጉ በታለንት ማእከሉ የቴሌግራም ቻናል
https://t.me/insactc
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በመግባት ማግኘት የምትችሉ መሆኑን እናሳዉቃለን። 📢 INSA Weekend Talent Development Program – Registration Open

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🔗 Apply at: https://talent.insa.gov.et

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| https://t.me/cteinsa

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