Past Continuous/Progressive:
گذشته استمراری
FORM
[was/were + present participle]

@ieltslearner

1) Interrupted Action in the Past: کاری که در گذشته در حال انجام بوده ولی به یک دلیلی قطع شده است


I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

@ieltslearner

2) Specific Time as an Interruption


Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.


3) Parallel Actions


I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

@ieltslearner

4) Atmosphere
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.


5) Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

@ieltslearner

6) While vs. When

I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.

7) REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. ===> Not Correct
Jane was at my house when you arrived. ===> Correct

8) ADVERB PLACEMENT


You were just studying when she called.
Were you just studying when she called?

@ieltslearner

9) ACTIVE / PASSIVE

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. Active
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. Passive



#grammar5
#writing

@ieltslearner

Future Continuous/Progressive:
آینده استمراری
کاری که درزمان آینده و دروقت معینی درحال انجام است.
FORM Future Continuous with "Will"

[will be + present participle]
@ieltslearner


1) Using "Will be"

You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

FORM Future Continuous with "Be Going To "


You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.


2) Interrupted Action in the Future


I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact me.
He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

@ieltslearner

3) Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future



Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.


4) Parallel Actions in the Future

I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.
Notice "is reading" because of the time clause containing "while."


5) Atmosphere in the Future

When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

@ieltslearner

6) ADVERB PLACEMENT


You will still be waiting for her when her plane arrives.
Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives?

You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives.
Are you still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives?

@ieltslearner

7) ACTIVE / PASSIVE


At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. ===> Active
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. ===> Passive

At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. ===> Active
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. ===> Passive

#grammar6
#writing

@ieltslearner

#Mistakes with verbs1


❌Incorrect: He asked that what I was doing.

✅Correct: He asked what I was doing.

If a noun-clause begins with a wh-word, ‘that’ is omitted.

@ieltslearner

📚 لغات کلیدی نگارش آیلتس
(Key Words for IELTS )👇👇👇


💠Stating Your Opinion (بیان نظر)
🔹In my opinion,
🔹According to me,
🔹In my view,
🔹To me,
🔹From my point of view,
🔹I think
🔹It seems to me that
🔹I believe
🔹From my perspective
🔹To my way of thinking
🔹It appears that
🔹I suppose
🔹I realize
🔹I understand
🔹I imagine
🔹I feel

💠Giving Examples (مثال آوردن)
🔹For example,
🔹For instance,
🔹such as
🔹In other words,
🔹as
🔹like
🔹that is
🔹namely
🔹To illustrate
🔹To paraphrase

💠Comparing (مقایسه ، بیان شباهت ها)
🔹Similar to
🔹As…as
🔹in common
🔹also
🔹Either…or
🔹In the same way,
🔹Neither…nor
🔹At the same time
🔹Just as
🔹resemble

💠Contrasting (مقایسه ، بیان تفاوت ها)
🔹However,
🔹But
🔹On the contrary,
🔹On the other hand,
🔹Differ from
🔹Nevertheless
🔹Although
🔹Though
🔹Otherwise
🔹Instead
🔹Alternatively,
🔹Even though

💠Generalizing (جمع بندی)
🔹Generally,
🔹Generally speaking,
🔹Overall,
🔹On the whole,
🔹In general,
🔹By and large,
🔹It seems to me that
🔹I believe
🔹All in all,
🔹Basically,
🔹Essentially,
🔹As a rule,
🔹All things considered
🔹For the most part

💠Expressing Certainty (بیان قطعیت)
🔹Certainly,
🔹Undoubtedly,
🔹Doubtless,
🔹No doubt,
🔹Definitely,
🔹Of course,

💠Expressing Partial Agreement (بیان موافقت نسبی)
🔹More or less,
🔹To some extent,
🔹Up to a point,
🔹Almost,
🔹In a way,
🔹So to speak,

💠Showing cause (بیان علت)
🔹Due to
🔹Because
🔹Because of
🔹Owing to

💠Showing effect (بیان معلول)
🔹Therefore,
🔹As a result,
🔹Consequently,
🔹For this reason,
🔹Thus,
🔹So,
🔹thereby
🔹Eventually,
🔹Hence,
🔹The reason why


💠Marking time (طبقه بندی)
🔹First,
🔹Last
🔹Second,
🔹Lastly,
🔹Third,
🔹Then,
🔹Firstly,
🔹First of all,
🔹Secondly,
🔹Before
🔹Thirdly,
🔹After
🔹During
🔹While
🔹To begin with
🔹At the same time
🔹Simultaneously
🔹After this / that
🔹Since
🔹Meanwhile
🔹Afterwards
🔹Following this
🔹When
🔹As soon as

💠 Adding Information (اضافه کردن دلایل دیگر)
🔹Furthermore
🔹In addition
🔹Also
🔹And
🔹Moreover
🔹Similarly
🔹Likewise
🔹As well as
🔹Besides
🔹Too
🔹Even
🔹What’s more

💠 Expressing condition (جملات شرطی)
🔹If
🔹Whether
🔹In case
🔹Unless
🔹Provided that
🔹So that

💠 Concluding (نتیجه گیری)
🔹To summarize
🔹In conclusion
🔹Lastly,
🔹Finally,
🔹To conclude with,
🔹In short

@ieltslearner🌺

✅Present perfect

ماضی نقلی (حال کامل)

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb:

حال کامل یا ماضی نقلی استمراری👇👇

The present perfect continuous is formed with have/has been and the -ing form of the verb:
Use

We use the present perfect tense:

@ieltslearner
1) for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

💥They’ve been married for nearly fifty years.
🔺She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

Note: We normally use the present perfect continuous for this:

🔹She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
🔸It’s been raining for hours.

2) for something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:

🔺I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
🔻He has written three books and he is working on another one.
🔸I’ve been watching that programme every week.

🔴We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:

🔹They’ve been staying with us since last week.
🔸I have worked here since I left school.
🔹I’ve been watching that programme every week since it started.

#grammar7
#writing
@ieltslearner

The Past Perfect Tense
گذشته کامل یا ماضی بعید

The past perfect tense is most often used for the following:

- For actions that happened before a past event
- In reported speech
- In if (conditional) sentences

When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples:

When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.
I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn't hungry because I had just eaten lunch.
I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days.
Had you seen the film before?

Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.
#grammar8
#writing

@ieltslearner

Past perfect continuous
گذشته کامل استمرای یا ماضی بعید استمراری

The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. There are also other uses.

1) Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past
2) Showing cause of an action or situation
3)Third conditional sentences
4) Reported speech

Use 1: Duration of a Past Action

The main use of the Past Perfect Continuous is to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations.

The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.
I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.

Use 2: Showing Cause

Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past.

John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving.
The road was wet because it had been raining.
I had to go on a diet because I had been eating too much sugar.
Jessica got sunburnt because she had been lying in the sun too long.

Use 3: Third Conditional

Remember that this tense is also used in third conditional sentences.

If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park.

Use 4: Reported Speech

This tense also appears in Reported speech.

She said she knew Charlie had been lying to her.
#grammar9
#writing
@ieltslearner

Future Perfect Continuous:
آینده کامل استمراری

@ieltslearner

1) FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Will"

You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.


2) FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To"

You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.

3) Duration Before Something in the Future


They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes.
James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.
How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to Anchorage.
A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year?
B: No, I will not have been living here that long.

4) Cause of Something in the Future

Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.
Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns to Germany because she is going to have been studying English in the United States for over two years.

5) REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

You won't get a promotion until you will have been working here as long as Tim. ===> Not Correct
You won't get a promotion until you have been working here as long as Tim. ===> Correct

6) AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs


Ned will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Not Correct
Ned will have had his driver's license for over two years. Correct

7) ADVERB PLACEMENT
@ieltslearner

You will only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives.
Will you only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?

You are only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives.
Are you only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?

8) ACTIVE / PASSIVE


The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. ===> Active
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. ===> Passive

The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. ===> Active
The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. ===> Passive
#grammar10
#writing
@ieltslearner

If Conditional:
جملات شرطی

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example1: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example2: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Example3: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

—----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@ieltslearner
Conditional Sentence Type 2

Form: if + Simple Past, main clause with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example1: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Example2: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
Example3: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.

Notice: Were instead of Was
In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
Example: If I were you, I would not do this.
—----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conditional Sentence Type 3
Form: if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II

Example1: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example2: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
Example3: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.
#grammar11
#writing
@ieltslearner

Cohesive Devices

A variety of useful English Conjunctions exists, which complete this list of the most used Cohesive Devices. Together, they can help to express a cohesive view and easy understandable and readable texts.
Definition

@ieltslearner

Words that link two parts of a sentence are called conjunctions . The most common ones are 'and', 'or' and 'but'. There are three basic types of conjunctions:

coordinating conjunctions
used to connect two independent clauses
subordinating conjunctions
used to establish the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence
correlative conjunctions
used to join various sentence elements which are grammatically equal

@ieltslearner
—-------------------------------------------------------
Coordinating Conjunctions

Comes usually in the middle of a sentence, and a comma is used before the conjunction (unless both clauses are very short). They join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.
Whereas coordinating conjunctions join parts of a 'sentence', the purpose of transitional words and phrases usually is to join two 'sentences'.

And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet — are the seven coordinating conjunctions. To remember them, the acronym FANBOYS can be used.

F = for

A = and

N = nor

B = but

O = or

Y = yet

S = so

@ieltslearner
—---------------------------------------------------------
Subordinating Conjunctions

Also called subordinators, introduce a dependent clause. These adverbs that act like conjunctions are placed at the front of the clause - and a comma is needed at the end of the adverbial phrase when it precedes the main clause.



Conjunctions Concession

though
although
even though
while
*************
Conjunctions Condition

if
only if
unless
until
provided that
assuming that
even if
in case (that)
lest

@ieltslearner

*************
Conjunctions Comparison

than
rather than
whether
as much as
whereas

@ieltslearner

*************
Conjunctions Time

after
as long as
as soon as
before
by the time
now that
once
since
till
until
when
whenever
while


@ieltslearner

*************
Conjunctions Reason

because
since
so that
in order (that)
why
*************
Relative Adjective

that
what
whatever
which
whichever

@ieltslearner


*************
Relative Pronoun

who
whoever
whom
whomever
whose

*************
Conjunctions Manner

how
as though
as if
*************
Conjunctions Place

where
wherever

@ieltslearner

—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—
Correlative Conjunctions

They are always used in pairs and denote equality; and show the relationship between ideas expressed in different parts of a sentence - and thus make the joining tighter and more emphatic. When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.



as . . . as
just as . . . so
both . . . and
hardly . . . when
scarcely . . . when
*************
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
*************
if . . . then
not . . . but
*************
what with . . . and
whether . . . or
not only . . . but also
no sooner . . . than
rather . . . than

@ieltslearner

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conjunctive Adverbs

They are often used as a linking device between ideas. They show logical relationships expressed in clauses, sentences or paragraphs.
Conjunctive adverbs are very emphatic, so they should be used sparingly.



Similar to And


also
besides
furthermore
likewise
moreover
*************
Similar to But

ENGLISH SPEAKING ADVANCED
RESOLUTIONS

Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking

1. I guess I’d better stop overspending..
2. I suppose I really ought to go to the gym
3. I really should diet, but then again…
4. There’s nothing for it. I’ll have to do it
5. I promise I’ll try harder to arrive early
6. I have every intention of passing the test
7. Never again will you catch me snoring..
8. Nothing is going to stop me finishing..
9. No matter what happens, I’m going to win..
10. Come hell or high water, I’ll pay it back

🤔How To Use These Phrases

👉Phrases 1 and 2 are really quite weak. The expressions ‘Iguess’ and ‘I suppose’ show the speaker’s unwillingness.

👉Phrase 3 sounds stronger at first but the second part ‘but then again’ could be introducing a different plan.

👉Phrase 4 suggests that the speaker must do this (no choice) but he / she doesn’t really like the idea.

👉In phrase 5, the speaker is only promising to try, which suggests the possibility that she / he might fail to do it.

👉Phrases 6 and 7 are much stronger resolutions. But with more marked intonation indicates that the speaker is less sure.

👉Phrases 8, 9 and 10 are very strong resolutions. They all show strong determination to complete the task.

👉Phrase 3 is often followed by sentences containing modals could, may, might

🌎 @ieltslearner 🌎

#List of academic words
#part1

1)a ro m a [arouma] n. An aroma is a scent or smell. -* I love the aroma of coffee in the morning.

2)beverage [bevaridj] n. A beverage is a drink. — The waiter brought our beverages first. Then he brought our food.

3)cluster [klAstar] n. A cluster of things is a small group of them placed close together. -+ She held a large cluster of grapes in her hand.

4)combine [kambain] v. To combine is to join together to make a single thing or group. -»Mina combined peanut butter and jelly to make a sandwich.

5)condensed [kandenst] adj. When a liquid is condensed, it is made thicker. -► One way to make a dessert thick and sweet is to use condensed milk.

6)contemporary [kantempareri] adj. When something is contemporary, it is related to the present time. -+ Contemporary scientists have learned quite a bit about DNA.

7)cultivate [kAltaveit] v. To cultivate plants is to care for them and help them grow. -»A research company is cultivating new kinds of rice to aid poor countries.

8)d iv in e [divain] adj. When something is divine, it is related to gods. -* Legends say that music was given to men as a divine gift from the gods.

9)humid [/?ju:mid] adj. When it is humid, there is a lot of water in the air. -* It is very humid inside of a sauna.

10)odor [oudar] n. An odor is a very distinct smell. -» He knew there was a leak when he noticed the strong odor of natural gas

@ieltslearner

#List of academic words
#part 2


1)palate [paelit] n. The palate is the top part of the mouth. -> You can touch your palate with your tongue.

2) paradise [pseredais] n. Paradise is the place or condition of happiness where things are perfect. -* My vacation in Hawaii was like being in paradise.

3) plantation [plaenteijan] n. A plantation is a big farm that only grows certain kinds of crops. -* In the 1800s, there were many cotton plantations in the southern US.

4) rapid [raepid] adj. When something is rapid, it moves or changes very quickly. -♦️ His mother was surprised by her son’s rapid growth.

5) rate [reit] n. A rate is the speed at which something happens. -♦️ Grass tends to grow at a very slow rate.

6) soothing [su:flinl adj. When something is soothing, it makes you calm or relaxed. -* The soothing music helped the baby fall asleep.

7)subtle [sAtl] adj. When something is subtle, it is not easy to see or notice. -♦️ The handsome man has a subtle smile.

8)texture [tekstj9:r] n. The texture of something is the way its surface looks and feels. The texture of a rock found in the water is typically very smooth.
9) tOXiC [taksik] adj. When something is toxic, it is poisonous. Toxic things are very dangerous. -» Please check the label to see if the product is toxic.

10)vary [veari] v. To vary means to be different from another thing in size or amount. -» The heights of the people in my class vary by a large amount.

@ieltslearner

What is a Compound-Complex Sentence?

We all start out using simple sentences to say things like: 'The dog ate my cookie' or 'Johnny's been in my room again.' As we grow older, we begin putting sentences together to say things like: 'Marcie is coming over later, and we're going to study' or 'After we study, Marcie and I are going to the mall.' Finally, we begin putting sentences together to say things like: 'Marcie is coming over later, and after we study, we're going to the mall' or 'While the dog ate my cookie, Johnny snuck into my room, and borrowed my soccer ball without asking.' We grow from using simple sentences to express simple ideas to using compound-complex sentences to express multiple and more complex ideas.

@ieltslearner

A compound-complex sentence combines the compound and the complex sentence. The compound part means that it has two or more complete sentences. The complex part means that it has at least one incomplete sentence.


Examples of Compound-Complex Sentences

One of the easiest ways to understand compound-complex sentences is to first take a look at the compound sentence and the complex sentence separately.

A compound sentence contains two or more complete sentences joined by one or more of the following words: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

For example, in the sentence: 'He left, and I never saw him again,' the two complete sentences 'He left' and 'I never saw him again' are joined by the word 'and,' making it a compound sentence.

A complex sentence contains a complete sentence joined by one or more incomplete sentences.

For example, in the sentence: 'Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying,' the complete sentence 'Juan and Maria went to the movies' is joined by the incomplete sentence, 'after they finished studying,' making it a complex sentence.

A compound-complex sentence combines the compound and the complex sentence. It contains two or more complete sentences joined by one or more of the following words: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, and at least one incomplete sentence.

For example, in the sentence: 'Marie reads novels and Megan reads poetry, but Heather reads magazines because novels and poetry are too difficult,' we have the complete sentences, 'Marie reads novels,' and 'Megan

#Grammar13
#writing
@ieltslearner

#List of academic words
#part 3


1)accident [seksidant] n. An accident is an unexpected undesirable event. She had to go to the hospital after she was in a serious car accident.

2)a d m ira l [aedmaral] n. An admiral is someone who controls many military ships. -» They won the sea battle because of the admiral’s great leadership.

3)a rc la:rk] n. An arc is a curved shape. -»A rainbow has the shape of an arc.

4)character [k^nkted n. Your character is your personality. — My sister’s character is fun and very outgoing.

5)conscience [kdnjans] n. Your conscience is your inner sense of what is right and wrong. -* I recycle everything I can, so my conscience is clear!

6)fiery [faiari] adj. If something is fiery, it is burning strongly. -» The fiery blaze burned all night long.

7)flesh [flej] n. Flesh is the skin, muscle and fat on your body. -» The zebra’s flesh has black and white stripes.

8)grapefruit [greipfru :t] n. A grapefruit is a fruit similar to an orange, but bigger and not as sweet. -♦️ Would you like a grapefruit with your breakfast?

9)h a y [hei] n. Hay is dry grass used to feed animals or used as a covering. -* I need to buy some more hay for the horse to sleep on.

10)horrified [hoirafaid] adj. If you are horrified, you are very shocked and feel upset. -* I was horrified when I read about the old lady who was attacked.

@ieltslearner

Essential Grammar In Use

@ieltslearner

Make the most of your Writing test:

1) analyse each task properly and spend some time making notes

2)highlight or underline key words in the tasks to make sure that you focus on what you have to do

3) plan your answers

4) use paragraphs clearly; put one idea in each paragraph

5)do not repeat ideas using different words

6)do not copy whole sentences from the question – you will receive no marks for this

7) keep to the topic; do not write about unrelated subjects

8)manage your time; remember, Task 2 is worth twice as much as Task 1

9)spend approximately 20 minutes on Task 1 and approximately 40 minutes on Task 2

10)pay attention to the number of words required for each task; you will lose marks if you do not write at least 150 words for Task 1 and at least 250 words for Task 2

11)learn to recognise how long 150 and 250 words look in your handwriting; you will not have time to count during the test

12)you must write your answers in full; answers written in note form or in bullet points will lose marks

13)pay attention to spelling, grammar and punctuation; you will lose marks for mistakes

14) avoid informal language

15)do not memorise model answers; examiners are trained to recognise them and your test will be invalid

16)spend several minutes re-reading and correcting your answers

#writing tips
@ieltslearner

Improve the range of your vocab using this book @ieltslearner

Make the most of your Listening test:

@ieltslearner

1)if you cannot hear the audio clearly, let a member of staff know straightaway

2)follow the instructions carefully; they may be different to practice or previous tests

3) listen for the specific information you want

4) try and anticipate what the speaker will say; this will require concentration

5)do not worry if there is a word you do not understand; you may not need to use it

6) if you do not know the answer to a question, attempt it but do not waste time; move quickly onto the next one

7)be careful with your spelling and grammar

8) do not panic if you think the topic is too difficult or the speaker is too fast; relax and tune in

9) read, write and listen at the same time

10)focus precisely on what you are asked to do in completion type questions

11)pay attention to the word limit; for example, if you are asked to complete a sentence using no more than two words, if the correct answer is ‘leather coat’, the answer ‘coat made of leather’ would be incorrect

12) if the question asks you to complete the note ‘in the…’ and the correct answer is ‘morning’, note that ‘in the morning’ would be incorrect; the correct answer is 'morning'

13)attempt all questions; there are no penalties for incorrect answers

14) check your answers
#listening tips
@ieltslearner