IE guy is dancing in rain, forgot to publish. 🌧🕺😁

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Clauses of War under International Law 🪖💣

- Article 2 of UN Charter bars member states from using force against other member states.
- Article 51 of UN Charter allows using force against member states solely for self defence (Right to self defence) that is, if attacked first.
- The member countries are required to report to UNSC all the measures they have taken in self defence.
- The UN Charter does not apply directly to Non-State Actors (NSA) Eg. Terrorist organizations. Article 51 only applies to NSAs if the attack have been carried out by or on behalf of a state.
- Unwilling or Unable Doctrine: It permits the use of force in self-defence against NSAs operating from the territory of another state, when that state is “unwilling or unable” to neutralise the threat.
- Military operations under Article 51 must comply with the principles of "necessity" (host nation does not take any meaningful action against NSAs) and "proportionality" (using limited force just to stop the aggression or repel it if necessary).

Source: 🗞 TH (11.05.2025)

#IRBasics #upsc
@ibrarclasses

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Justice B R Gavai has taken oath as 52nd CJI. He will retire in about 6 months. What meaningful work one can do in such short tenure? In India, the average tenure of CJI is 1.5 years while many retiring under a year. On the other hand, in US Chief Justice has a life tenure (only death or impeachment can remove him). In UK, retirement age of Chief Justice is 75 years (10 more than India). Statistically, at least 3-5 years in office is needed to bring about any systematic change.
So what should be done to fix this ?

Which prehistoric period is associated with "Environmental changes" i.e. ending of Ice Age and beginning of warmer and more habitable climate?

No options so you don't do guessing 😁

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Come what may,
No syllabus is beyond you.
Every territory is your territory.
You have not just got it;
You absolutely own it.

May the heavens be with you tomorrow. ✨

When the examiners realise that they been asking only difficult questions so far so they abruptly try to balance with this one . . . 😁

Somewhere 2 million years ago 😁

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🚨 Vacancy Alert

📝 SSC Combined Hindi Translator Exam 2025.

One of the easiest SSC exams. Just a good command over English Language is needed. Hindi is there too but it is already easy if you are from Northern parts. Good opportunity for those looking for a decent government job. Read the eligibility, and if you are eligible, must apply.

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