👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉👉The term "defective collegium system" refers to criticisms of the Collegium System used in India for the appointment and transfer of judges to the higher judiciary (i.e., the Supreme Court and High Courts). The system has faced significant scrutiny and has often been labeled as "defective" due to several perceived flaws.
What is the Collegium System?
The Collegium System is a method by which judges are appointed and transferred in the Indian judiciary. It is composed of:
The Chief Justice of India (CJI),
Four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
They collectively recommend appointments and transfers of judges. The system was developed through Supreme Court judgments, not by legislation or the Constitution.
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Why is it called "defective"?
Some key criticisms include:
1. Lack of Transparency
The decision-making process is largely opaque, with no official records of deliberations or reasons for selections/rejections.
2. No Accountability
Since the executive has limited power in this system, there's little room for democratic accountability or scrutiny.
3. Possibility of Favoritism or Nepotism
Critics argue that the collegium may favor candidates based on personal connections, rather than merit.
4. No Clear Criteria
There's no codified set of guidelines or eligibility criteria for selecting judges, leading to inconsistency.
5. Ignoring Seniority or Merit
Sometimes, the system has been accused of overlooking qualified candidates without explanation.
6. Delay in Appointments
The process often faces delays, causing vacancies and affecting judicial functioning.
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Attempts at Reform
The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act of 2014 was an attempt to replace the Collegium System with a more transparent and representative body. However, it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 for violating the independence of the judiciary.
https://www.instagram.com/p/DIS5myXzKta/?igsh=MTNjOGdsN2FsMDA2OA==
What is the Collegium System?
The Collegium System is a method by which judges are appointed and transferred in the Indian judiciary. It is composed of:
The Chief Justice of India (CJI),
Four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
They collectively recommend appointments and transfers of judges. The system was developed through Supreme Court judgments, not by legislation or the Constitution.
---
Why is it called "defective"?
Some key criticisms include:
1. Lack of Transparency
The decision-making process is largely opaque, with no official records of deliberations or reasons for selections/rejections.
2. No Accountability
Since the executive has limited power in this system, there's little room for democratic accountability or scrutiny.
3. Possibility of Favoritism or Nepotism
Critics argue that the collegium may favor candidates based on personal connections, rather than merit.
4. No Clear Criteria
There's no codified set of guidelines or eligibility criteria for selecting judges, leading to inconsistency.
5. Ignoring Seniority or Merit
Sometimes, the system has been accused of overlooking qualified candidates without explanation.
6. Delay in Appointments
The process often faces delays, causing vacancies and affecting judicial functioning.
---
Attempts at Reform
The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act of 2014 was an attempt to replace the Collegium System with a more transparent and representative body. However, it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 for violating the independence of the judiciary.
https://www.instagram.com/p/DIS5myXzKta/?igsh=MTNjOGdsN2FsMDA2OA==
🚨 BREAKING !!!!
Trump to Zelensky:
"When start a war you get to know you can win the war.
You don't start a war against somebody that is 20 times your size and then hope that people give you some missiles."
#trump #india #usa #china #upsc #internationalrelations
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DIgjGoiyHyg/?igsh=eTh6YzZ4eGg2cWw0
Trump to Zelensky:
"When start a war you get to know you can win the war.
You don't start a war against somebody that is 20 times your size and then hope that people give you some missiles."
#trump #india #usa #china #upsc #internationalrelations
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DIgjGoiyHyg/?igsh=eTh6YzZ4eGg2cWw0
Top English news headlines Wednesday, April 16, 2025:
🇮🇳 National News
India–US Bilateral Trade Talks:
Supreme Court on Child Trafficking Cases:
National Herald Case:
Robert Vadra Questioned by ED:
India–Denmark Green Strategic Partnership: Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen. Both leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the India–Denmark Green Strategic Partnership and discussed enhancing cooperation across various sectors.
🌍 International News
UN Security Council Reform: India, along with G4 nations—Brazil, Germany, and Japan—has opposed proposals to allocate seats based on religion in a reformed UN Security Council. India's Permanent Representative to the UN, Parvathaneni Harish, stated that such proposals introduce new parameters that are not conducive to the reform process.
Libya Boat Tragedy: At least 11 people have died after a migrant boat capsized near the eastern coast of Libya, close to the city of Sirte. Rescue teams have recovered the bodies, and efforts are ongoing.
🇮🇳 National News
India–US Bilateral Trade Talks:
Supreme Court on Child Trafficking Cases:
National Herald Case:
Robert Vadra Questioned by ED:
India–Denmark Green Strategic Partnership: Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen. Both leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the India–Denmark Green Strategic Partnership and discussed enhancing cooperation across various sectors.
🌍 International News
UN Security Council Reform: India, along with G4 nations—Brazil, Germany, and Japan—has opposed proposals to allocate seats based on religion in a reformed UN Security Council. India's Permanent Representative to the UN, Parvathaneni Harish, stated that such proposals introduce new parameters that are not conducive to the reform process.
Libya Boat Tragedy: At least 11 people have died after a migrant boat capsized near the eastern coast of Libya, close to the city of Sirte. Rescue teams have recovered the bodies, and efforts are ongoing.
Pulwama 2.0
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Heartbreaking scenes from Kashmir.
A land known for its breathtaking beauty now scarred by violence. The recent attack targeting tourists is a blow not just to peace but to the soul of the valley. Prayers for the victims and their families. Let’s hope for healing, safety, and the return of peace to this paradise.
#Kashmir #PeaceInKashmir #TourismAttack #PrayForKashmir #StopTheViolence
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#kashmirissue #terrorism #terrorism
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DIwagtiTwdC/?igsh=MTFyb2wwenpxYWk1dg==
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Heartbreaking scenes from Kashmir.
A land known for its breathtaking beauty now scarred by violence. The recent attack targeting tourists is a blow not just to peace but to the soul of the valley. Prayers for the victims and their families. Let’s hope for healing, safety, and the return of peace to this paradise.
#Kashmir #PeaceInKashmir #TourismAttack #PrayForKashmir #StopTheViolence
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#kashmirissue #terrorism #terrorism
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DIwagtiTwdC/?igsh=MTFyb2wwenpxYWk1dg==
India suspends Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan.
Other Major Decisions
🟢Closure of Attari-Wagah Border
The Attari-Wagah border has been closed with immediate effect to prevent further infiltration and ensure national security.
🟢Expulsion of Pakistani Military Advisers
Three Pakistani military advisers have been declared persona non grata and expelled from India.
🟢Reduction of Diplomatic Staff
The overall strength of the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi has been reduced to 30 personnel.
🟢Suspension of SAARC Visa Exemption
All SAARC visas issued to Pakistani nationals have been rescinded and those currently in India are required to leave within 48 hours
@iaspcssimplified
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DIzIkMWTA_U/?igsh=aDZ0YXZ5MHo5cXdn
Other Major Decisions
🟢Closure of Attari-Wagah Border
The Attari-Wagah border has been closed with immediate effect to prevent further infiltration and ensure national security.
🟢Expulsion of Pakistani Military Advisers
Three Pakistani military advisers have been declared persona non grata and expelled from India.
🟢Reduction of Diplomatic Staff
The overall strength of the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi has been reduced to 30 personnel.
🟢Suspension of SAARC Visa Exemption
All SAARC visas issued to Pakistani nationals have been rescinded and those currently in India are required to leave within 48 hours
@iaspcssimplified
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DIzIkMWTA_U/?igsh=aDZ0YXZ5MHo5cXdn
The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank, and signed in 1960.
Key Points of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT):
Rivers Involved:
The treaty governs the use of six rivers that flow from India into Pakistan:
Western Rivers (allocated to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
Eastern Rivers (allocated to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej
India’s Rights:
India can use the Western rivers for non-consumptive uses like irrigation, transport, and hydroelectric power generation (with restrictions).
Permanent Indus Commission:
A commission with representatives from both countries meets regularly to resolve disputes and exchange data.
Conflict Resolution Mechanism:
Disputes are resolved through a three-tier system:
1. Bilateral discussions
2. Neutral expert (appointed by the World Bank)
3. International Court of Arbitration
@iaspcssimplified
Key Points of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT):
Rivers Involved:
The treaty governs the use of six rivers that flow from India into Pakistan:
Western Rivers (allocated to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
Eastern Rivers (allocated to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej
India’s Rights:
India can use the Western rivers for non-consumptive uses like irrigation, transport, and hydroelectric power generation (with restrictions).
Permanent Indus Commission:
A commission with representatives from both countries meets regularly to resolve disputes and exchange data.
Conflict Resolution Mechanism:
Disputes are resolved through a three-tier system:
1. Bilateral discussions
2. Neutral expert (appointed by the World Bank)
3. International Court of Arbitration
@iaspcssimplified