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✅ Best commands for Port Scanning — For OSCP, pentests, bug bounties

In a penetration testing engagement, scanning is a very important phase in which we get to know better the potential vulnerabilities of…Continue reading on Medium »
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Bug Bounty Guide and Tools

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Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Offensive Security Tool: Freeze

Offensive Security Tool: FreezePost Views: 109 Premium Contenthttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Patreon.png Subscribe to Patreon to watch this episode.
Reading Time: 2 Minutes FreezeFreeze by Optiv is a payload creation tool used for circumventing EDR security controls to execute shellcode in a stealthy manner. Freeze utilizes multiple techniques to not only remove Userland EDR hooks but to also execute shellcode in such a way that it circumvents other endpoint monitoring controls. A great tool for the Red Team, Pentesters for Post Exploitation techniques, especially bypassing methodologies used with hooks and shellcode being executed to get a shell.
See Also: So you want to be a hacker? Offensive Security Courses Creating A Suspended ProcessWhen a process is created, Ntdll.dll is the first DLL that is loaded. This happens before any EDR DLLs are loaded. This means that there is a bit of a delay before an EDR can be loaded and start hooking and modifying the assembly of system DLLs. In looking at Windows syscalls in Ntdll.dll, we can see that nothing is hooked yet. If we create a process in a suspend state (one that is frozen in time), we can see that no other DLLs are loaded, except for Ntdll.dll. You can also see that no EDR DLLs are loaded, meaning that the syscalls located in Ntdll.dll are unmodified.

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Suspended_Process.png Address Space Layout RandomizationIn order to use this clean suspended process to remove hooks from Freeze loader, we need a way to programmatically find and read the clean suspended process’ memory. This is where address space layout randomization (ASLR) comes into play. ASLR is a security mechanism to prevent stack memory corruption-based vulnerabilities. ASLR randomizes the address space inside of a process, to ensure that all memory-mapped objects, the stack, the heap, and the executable program itself, are unique. Now, this is where it gets interesting because while ASLR works, it does not work for position-independent code such as DLLs. What happens with DLLs, (specifically known system DLLs) is that the address space is randomized once at boot time. This means that we don’t need to enumerate a remote process information to find the base address of its ntdll.dll because it is the same in all processes including the one that we control. Since the address of every DLL is the same place per boot, we can pull this information from our own process and never have to enumerate the suspended process to find the address.

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Base_Address-1024x385.png

With this information, we can use the API ReadProcessMemory to read a process’ memory. This API call is commonly associated with the reading of LSASS as part of any credential-based attack; however, on its own it is inherently not malicious, especially if we are just reading an arbitrary section of memory. The only time ReadProcessMemory will be flagged as part of something suspicious is if you are reading something you shouldn’t (like the contents of LSASS). EDR products should never flag the fact that ReadProcessMemory was called, as there are legitimate operational uses for this function and would result in many false positives.

We can take this a step further by only reading a section of Ntdll.dll where all syscalls are stored – its .text section, rather than reading the entire DLL.

Combining these elements, we can programmatically get a copy of the .text section of Ntdll.dll to overwrite our existing hooked .text section prior to executing shellcode.
Trending: Digital Forensics Tool: Dangerzone
Trending: Offensive Security Tool: OrbitalDump ETW PatchingETW utilizes built-in syscalls to generate this telem[...]

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Black Hat Ethical Hacking Offensive Security Tool: Freeze Offensive Security Tool: FreezePost Views: 109 Premium Contenthttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Patreon.png Subscribe to Patreon to watch this episode. Reading Time:…

etry. Since ETW is also a native feature built into Windows, security products do not need to “hook” the ETW syscalls to access the information. As a result, to prevent ETW, Freeze patches numerous ETW syscalls, flushing out the registers and returning the execution flow to the next instruction. Patching ETW is now default in all loaders. ShellcodeSince only Ntdll.dll is restored, all subsequent calls to execute shellcode need to reside in Ntdll.dll. Using Go (note you can do this in other languages but in Go, its quite easy to implement) we can define and call the NT syscalls needed to allocate, write, and protect the shellcode, effectively skipping the standard calls that are located in kernel32d.dll, and Kernelbase.dll, as these may still be hooked.

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Syscalls-1024x172.png

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Userland_EDR-1024x548.png

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Kernel_EDR-1024x659.png
See Also: Hacking Stories: Operation OpRussia – Anonymous attacks on Russia InstallTo install Freeze, run the following commands, or use the compiled binary: go build Freeze.goHelphttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Help-1024x505.png Binary vs DLLFreeze can generate either a .exe or .dll file. In order to specify this, ensure that the -O command line option ends with either a .exe for binaries or .dll for dlls. No other file types are currently supported. In the case of DLL files, Freeze can also add additional export functionality. To do this use the -export with specific export function name. ConsoleFreeze utilizes a technique to first create the process and then move it into the background. This does two things – first it helps keep the process hidden, and second, avoids being detected by any EDR product. Spawning a process right away in the background can be very suspicious and an indicator of maliciousness. Freeze does this by calling the ‘GetConsoleWindow’ and ‘ShowWindow’ Windows function after the process is created and the EDR’s hooks are loaded, and then changes the windows attributes to hidden. Freeze utilizes these APIs rather than using the traditional -ldflags -H=windowsgui, as this is highly signatured and classified in most security products as an Indicator of Compromise.

If the -console command-line option is selected, Freeze will not hide the process in the background. Instead, Freeze will add several debug messages displaying what the loader is doing. More InformationIf you want to learn more about the techniques utilized in this framework, please take a look at SourceZero Blog
Clone the repo from here: GitHub Link https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Merch.png Recent Tools* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Dangerzone-300x150.png Digital Forensics Tool: DangerzoneJanuary 6, 2023
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/psudohash-300x150.png Offensive Security Tool: PsudohashDecember 30, 2022
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/OrbitalDump-300x150.png Offensive Security Tool: OrbitalDumpDecember 29, 2022
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-300x150.png Recon Tool: MFASweepDecember 23, 2022 https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/OffSec-Course.png Offensive Security & Ethical Hacking CourseBegin the learning curve of hacking now!
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Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
WEF's Global Risks Report 2023 Keeps Cybersecurity on the Agenda

Critical national infrastructure, widespread cybercrime, and cyber insecurity are major risks in the report

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We are proud to announce #CyberHack2023, our new hackathon which will take place on March 11th 2023! 🎉
https://www.reddit.com/r/Pentesting/comments/10avlqp/we_are_proud_to_announce_cyberhack2023_our_new/

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This innovative digital hackathon, involving teams of young talents, will consist of a series of challenges in a #CaptureTheFlag mode, covering some of the main #CyberSecurity fields. Would you like to know more? Find out more at the link below ⤵️ https://journal.opendataplayground.com/cyberhack-2023/ 📷 https://i.redd.it/rxvyq2k6ktba1.gif  submitted by /u/Mase373 (https://www.reddit.com/user/Mase373)
[link] (https://www.reddit.com/r/Pentesting/comments/10avlqp/we_are_proud_to_announce_cyberhack2023_our_new/) [comments] (https://www.reddit.com/r/Pentesting/comments/10avlqp/we_are_proud_to_announce_cyberhack2023_our_new/)

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